US921169A - Furnace. - Google Patents

Description

G. SGHWEIZER.

FURNACE. APPLIOATION I'ILED MAY 15/1906.

921 1 6 9. Patented May 11; 1909.

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FURNACE. APPLICATION FILED MAY 15, 1906.

Patented May 11, 1909;

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CHARLES SGHWEIZER, OF BOSTON, MASSACHUSETTS.

' FURNACE.

Specification 0'1 Letters Patent.

Patented May 11, 1909.

Applicationfiled May 15, 1906. Serial No. 317,014.

To all whom it may concern:

a citizen of the United States, residing at Boston, in the county of Suffolk and State of Massachusetts, have invented certain new and useful Improvements'in Furnaces; and I do hereby declare the followin to be a full clear, and exact description of t e invention, such as will enableothers skilled in the art to which it appertains to make and use the same.

The object of my invention is the peculiar construction of a furnace, whereby there is complete combustion of the fuel andthe ases, effecting a saving of at least twentyve per cent. of the fuel; an entire elimination of smoke; increased steaming capacity; greater evenness of heat; no deposit of soot or tar; at least forty per cent. less ash; a decided saving of labor; and dryer steam, having greater expansive power.

With this object in view, the invention comprehends the novel construction, combination, and arrangement of parts of a device characterized by my invention, as will be hereinafter fully described in thespecification, summed up in the claims, and illustrated in the drawings, in which latter:

Figure 1 is a longitudinal section of a furnace constructed in accordance with the principles of my invention; Fig. 2, is a cross section on line 22, Fig. 1; Fig. 3 is a cross section on line 33, Fig. 1 and Fig. 4 is a cross section on line 4-4., Fig. 1.

Referring to the drawings, A deslgnates an ordinary or any preferred type of boiler, properly supported in suitable settings, and having the usual tubes a. At the forward end of the boiler and beneath the same is a fire-box, or combustion-chamberproper, B, entrance to which is through fuel-door b.

An ordinary, or any preferred, form of grate. b separates the fire-box and theash pit b the latter being entered by adoor 12 having, desirably, an air-opening or openings 6 there through to support combustion. j At the rear end of the grate, and extending from the bottom X of h the furnace A and v terminating some distance short of thecrown-sheet of the boiler, is a bridge-wall 0,, At a suitable point to the rear of the bridge-wall C may be a wing-wall,-D, extending from the crownsheet of the boiler, and terminatin shortof the bottom X of thefurnace. wall is desirably supported by an arch d.

Some distance back of the wing-wall D is 3 bottom or side pe thetop perforation being omitted, if necessary. The objectand function of this pipe T is Wing-.

I i h I la division-Wall E, extending from the crown- Be it known that I, CHARLES Sorrwniznn,

sheet of the boiler entirely to the bottom X of the furnace. In this wall, toward the top thereof, is disposed a series of spaced bars .6 of some suitable, highly-refractory substance, which serve to materially increase combustion by becoming incandescent and consuming the hitherto unburned products. Although itis desirably omitted in small boilers, I prefer to use with large boilers a second wing-wall F, disposed in rear of division-wall E and near the rear end of the boiler, and extending, as shown, from the crown-sheet of the boiler and terminatin at a point below the plane of the additiona combustion producers e, which wing-wall is preferably supported by an arch f.

The walls C and D form a passageway G, the walls D and E a passageway H, and the walls E and F a passageway I. In the rear of wall F is a chamber J, leading to the boilertubes, and having a clean-out door 3'. Another clean-out door may be provided for thepassageways G and H, as shown at g.

Into the passageway G, toward the bottom thereof, desirably extends a steam-pipe g in communication with any suitab e source of steam (not shown), and terminating at its innerend'in a hollow bulb g pref erably oval-shaped to shed ashes and dust falling thereupon; which bulb may have an exit-opening g in its top and exit-openings 9 g? in its bottom; or, if desired, the top 0 ening gtmay be omitted, as likely to be led with ashes, or clogged thereby. The function of this ipe g is to furnish a quantum of steam, w liich materially assists combustion. I

Into the passageway H, toward the bottom thereof, may project an airipe 71?, in communication, desirably, with t e outside atmosphere, and terminating at its inner end in a similar hollow bulb k which may be provided with a tsp perforation h and with 'orations h h as desired,

it is to furnish a sufficient quantity of fresh air to mingle with the partly consumed products of combustion, thereby creating, as it were, a second fire.

Within the fire-box 3, over the grate If, there are a series of spaced arches K, their tops being a short distance below the crownsheet of the boiler, forming a passageway is bounded by the crown-sheet of the boiler and the tops of the arches. These arches are a very important and material feature of my invention, as will appear in the description of the operation presently to be described.

In the operation of my device, flre beingstarted upon the grate, a good proportion of the gases are shunted through the spaces between the arches, to the space or passagewayi beneath the crown-sheet of the boiler. Thus the arches become chimneys to the fire, and the furnace a retort. The gases passing between the spaced arches, the latter, in a few minutes, become incandescent, or to a white heat, and, consequently, all the volatile matter and the streaky gases and moisture mingle there and become superheated, and the result is that no smoke is created. The spaces between the arches and the passageway thereabove form, in reality, auxiliary combustion-chambers, and the furnace becomes a perfect retort. As the gases and flames pass along the passa eway 7c beneath the crown-sheet of the boiler, thus always keeping the boiler heated at this end, they unite with the products of combustion passing directly over the bridge-wall C, and directly thereafter come into contact with the wing-wall D, which throws them back, causing a thorough i-ntermixture of the gases and ignition of unconsumed products of combustion. Thence passing downward, a quantum of steam issuing from the steam-pipe g meets the gases, causing a fierce fire, the superheated gases then passing under the arch d and mixing with the proper proportion of oxygen issuing from the air-pipe 72/ thus causing a re-ignition of partly consumed products. Thence the products pass between the spaced bars e, which causes a multiple division of the products, and, as these bars soon become incandescent, they act to re-ignite all gases before separate carbon or smoke is produced. As the products issue from the additional combustion producers, the consumption of the gases tends to produce a movement thereof, which induces a forced draft. After passing through the bars e, the gases and flames strike the second wing-wall F, causing a recoil, a whirling, and a mixture of the products in their descent to the arch f, through which they finally pass up to and through the tubes a of the boiler A.

It is a point of my invention to effect a rapid and constant intermixture of the unconsumed products of combustion and gases with the ignited products of combustion whereby complete combustion is effected before they enter the chimney in the course of their exit from the furnace. To this end, I arrange, in the path of travel of the flame, a series of members, of varying form, but disposed at such relative distances apart that they will, each, effect a constant deflecting of the unconsumed products and gases back into the flame whereby such products and gases will be caused to become ignited, and, consumed. Immediately over the grate are "the arches which are spaced and which operate, first, to deflect certain of the burning and other gases and, secondly, .to break them up. Then, the gases, etc., abut against the bridge-wall, which, likewise, tends to deflect the unconsumed. products, etc., back into the flame to effect ignition of such of the as have, so far, failed to become ignited. Next the gases and flame impinge against the division-wall which is rendered incandescent by the flame and, as the gases pass through this incandescent region, such of them which had not become ignited will be ignited. The wing-wall is a further deflecting member tending to retard the travel of the gases in proximity to the division-wall to insure complete combustion of all of the traveling gases, etc.

By this construction, a too quick exit of the products from the furnace into the boilertubes is prevented; in other words, their passage is retarded during their entire course from the grate to the boiler-tubes, so that, finally, there is complete combustion, the gases and carbon being thoroughly mixed and consumed, preventing the great nuisance of smoke, and effecting a great saving of fuel. All the fuel that ordinarily passes out through the stack is, in my device, saved and consumed.

Many practical tests of my furnace-construction demonstrate and establish the claims which I have herein made for it.

Having thus fully described my invention, what I claim as new and desire to secure by Letters Patent is:

1. In a furnace, a boiler, a fire-box at one end thereof, a grate in the fire-box, a series of equidistantly-spaced gas-deflecting arches in said fire-box disposed above the grate and removed from the boiler, a gas-deflecting and guiding bridge-wall at one end of the fire-box, said bridge-wall terminating short of the boiler, and being removed from the arches but in the path of the flame and gases produced at the grate, a wing-wall in the rear of the bridgeavall, and extending from the aforesaid boiler down to a point slightly below the top of said bridge-wall, a division-wall back of the wing-wall and extending from the boiler entirely to the bottom of the furnace, said division-wall having passages transversely theretlnough.

2. In a furnace, a boiler, a fire-box at one end thereof, a grate in the fire-box, a series of spaced gas-deflccting arches in said fire-box disposed over the grate and removed fromv the boiler, a gas deflecting and guiding bridge-wall at one end of the fire-box, terminating short of the boiler and removed from said arches, a wing-wall in the rear of said bridge-wall and extending from the aforesaid boiler to a point slightly below the bridge- Wall, a division-wall back of the wing-wall and extending from the boiler entirely to the bottom of the furnace, said division-Wall having an extended 0 ening therethrough, and spaced bars of high y refractory material disposed in said opening and adapted to be rendered incandescent for effecting ignition of unconsumed products of combustion.

3. In a furnace, a boiler, a fire box at one end thereof, a grate therein composed of a plurality of spaced members, a series of spaced arches in the fire box, removed from the boiler and overlying the grate and adapted to efiect a deflecting of the gases and unconsumed products of combustion toward the rate, a bridge-Wall disposed at one end of the fire box, terminating short of the boiler, and removed from the arches but in the path of travel of the gases produced at the grate, a division-wall disposed back of the bridgewall and having passages transversely through its central portion and adapted to be rendered incandescent by the flame produced at the grate, a win -wall disposed contiguous to the division-wa l and adapted to hold the gases temporarily in proximity to the division-wall.

spaced arches in the fire-box, overlying the a grate and adapted to effect a deflecting of the gases and unconsumed products of combustion toward the grate, a bridge-wall disposed at one end of the fire-box, terminating short of the boiler, and removed from the arches but in the path of travel of the gases produced at the grate, a division-wall disposed back of the bridge-wall and having passages transversely through its central portion and adapted to be rendered incandescent by the flame produced at the grate, a Whig-wall disposed contiguous to the division-Wall and adapted to hold the gases temporarily in proximity to the division-wall, and steam and air pipes disposed between the bridge-wall and the division-Wall in path of travel of the products of combustion.

In testimony whereof, I affix my signature,

Witnesses:

E. T. BRANDENBURG, J. F. BRANDENBURG.

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