US9127922B2 - Probe and method for operating a probe - Google Patents

Probe and method for operating a probe Download PDF

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Publication number
US9127922B2
US9127922B2 US13/425,594 US201213425594A US9127922B2 US 9127922 B2 US9127922 B2 US 9127922B2 US 201213425594 A US201213425594 A US 201213425594A US 9127922 B2 US9127922 B2 US 9127922B2
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voltage
probe
voltage transformer
charge storage
power
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US20120242326A1 (en
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Klaus Groell
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Dr Johannes Heidenhain GmbH
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Dr Johannes Heidenhain GmbH
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
    • G01B7/00—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of electric or magnetic techniques
    • G01B7/004—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of electric or magnetic techniques for measuring coordinates of points
    • G01B7/008—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of electric or magnetic techniques for measuring coordinates of points using coordinate measuring machines
    • G01B7/012—Contact-making feeler heads therefor
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
    • G01B21/00—Measuring arrangements or details thereof, where the measuring technique is not covered by the other groups of this subclass, unspecified or not relevant
    • G01B21/02—Measuring arrangements or details thereof, where the measuring technique is not covered by the other groups of this subclass, unspecified or not relevant for measuring length, width, or thickness
    • G01B21/04—Measuring arrangements or details thereof, where the measuring technique is not covered by the other groups of this subclass, unspecified or not relevant for measuring length, width, or thickness by measuring coordinates of points
    • G01B21/047—Accessories, e.g. for positioning, for tool-setting, for measuring probes
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
    • G01B2210/00—Aspects not specifically covered by any group under G01B, e.g. of wheel alignment, caliper-like sensors
    • G01B2210/58—Wireless transmission of information between a sensor or probe and a control or evaluation unit

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a probe and to a method for operating a probe.
  • Probes are used, for example, to determine the positions of workpieces which are clamped in material-working machines, such as milling machines.
  • a probe is usually a component of a probe system that often has a stationary transceiver unit.
  • the transceiver unit is normally secured to an immovable element of the material-working machine.
  • the probe may be mounted on a movable element of the material-working machine, for instance, on a milling spindle.
  • the probe includes a feeler or probe element that is deflectable out of a rest position and that generates a switching signal in response to a deflection out of its rest position.
  • Rest position of the probe element should be understood to be a position of the probe element in which it has no contact with a workpiece. In response to contact of the probe element with the workpiece, the probe element is deflected out of its rest position.
  • the corresponding switching signal is transmitted by the probe as an electromagnetic signal, especially as an infrared signal or radio signal, to the stationary transceiver unit.
  • the output signals of the probe system are analyzed in order to determine the occurrence of switching signals (thus, a deflection of the probe element).
  • Such a probe often has a power source in the form of one or more batteries for its energy supply.
  • a power source in the form of one or more batteries for its energy supply.
  • European Patent No. 1 557 639 describes a battery-operated probe, where the intention is to prolong the service life of the batteries in particular by the use of a voltage transformer, which ultimately improves the availability of the respective probe, because standstill times due to exhausted batteries are less frequent.
  • Example embodiments of the present invention provide a probe and a method for operating a probe, in which the availability of a probe is increased.
  • the probe has a power source for its energy supply.
  • the power source is connected electrically to a voltage transformer.
  • the voltage transformer is controllable by a device for monitoring the input power of the voltage transformer, a voltage being able to be generated at the output of the voltage transformer which is higher than the output voltage of the power source.
  • a charge storage which is chargeable electrically with the aid of the voltage transformer, is connected electrically to the output of the voltage transformer.
  • the probe is configured such that: an output current pulse is able to be delivered by the charge storage at defined intervals to a load having a current demand variable over time, especially having a pulse-shaped current demand; a mean power to be fed to the charge storage is ascertainable for a subsequent time interval; the magnitude of the mean input power to be drawn from the power source by the voltage transformer is specifiable as a function of this ascertained mean power, and the voltage transformer is controllable accordingly.
  • the mean input power is then able to be supplied to the voltage transformer, i.e., a mean input current may be transferred by the voltage transformer from the power source to the charge storage.
  • the load may be in the form of a transmitting stage, so that an electromagnetic signal is able to be generated by the transmitting stage.
  • the device for monitoring the input power may be arranged, for example, as a CPU.
  • the power source may be implemented as a direct current source, especially as one or more batteries.
  • the batteries may include a non-rechargeable batteries and/or rechargeable batteries. According to the terminology customary in physics, the term power should be understood to be an energy, e.g., electrical energy, specific to a time interval.
  • capacitors or one or more electrochemical double-layer capacitors may be used as charge storage, for example.
  • the voltage transformer may include a switch, particularly in the form of a transistor, which is connected electrically to the device for monitoring the input power. This electrical connection is used in particular to control the switch along the lines of a pulse-width modulation or a pulse-frequency modulation.
  • the probe may include a circuit for determining a voltage applied to the input of the voltage transformer.
  • the probe may include a circuit for determining a voltage applied to the charge storage.
  • the device for monitoring the input power thus, for example, a CPU, includes a circuit for determining a voltage applied to the input of the voltage transformer and/or a circuit for determining a voltage applied to the charge storage.
  • example embodiments of the present invention provide a method for operating a probe.
  • the probe has a power source for its energy supply, the power source being connected electrically to a voltage transformer, and the voltage transformer being controlled by a device for monitoring the input power.
  • the voltage transformer generates a voltage at its output which is higher than the output voltage of the power source.
  • a charge storage which is charged electrically by the voltage transformer, is connected electrically to the output of the voltage transformer.
  • the charge storage delivers an output current pulse at defined intervals to a load or consumer of electrical energy having a current demand variable over time.
  • a mean power to be fed to the charge storage is ascertained for a subsequent time interval.
  • the magnitude of the mean input power which is to be removed or drawn from the power source by the voltage transformer is specified as a function of this ascertained mean power.
  • the voltage transformer is controlled by the device accordingly, so that the mean power to be fed is supplied to the charge storage.
  • the load may represent a transmitting stage, so that in each case, an electromagnetic signal is generated by the transmitting stage owing to the output current pulse delivered at defined intervals.
  • the voltage applied to the input of the voltage transformer may be determined, and an electric input current which is to be drawn by the voltage transformer from the power source may be specified as a function of this applied voltage and the mean input power, and the voltage transformer is controlled by the device accordingly, and is supplied with or traversed by the input current specified.
  • the power source may be disconnected from power consumers of the probe, especially from the voltage transformer, so that a voltage is determined at reduced load for the power source, i.e., a no-load voltage of the power source is determined.
  • the voltage applied to the charge storage may be determined.
  • the mean power to be fed to the charge storage for a subsequent time interval is ascertained on the basis of the determined voltage applied to the charge storage.
  • the voltage applied to the charge storage may be compared to a predefined setpoint value for the voltage in question. After suitable signal processing, the applied voltage may be available as a digital value.
  • the voltage transformer may be controlled with the aid of pulse-width modulation.
  • T represents the interval at which the charge storage in each case delivers an output current pulse to a load
  • n should be understood as a natural number greater than or equal to 1.
  • n is a number smaller than 10.
  • an electric input current which the voltage transformer draws off from the power source may flow over a period of time of at least 0.75 T within interval T.
  • the period of time may amount to at least 0.85 T, e.g., at least 0.90 T.
  • the electric input current which the voltage transformer draws from the power source may be held constant over a period of time of at least 0.75 T within interval T.
  • the period of time may amount to at least 0.85 T, e.g., at least 0.90 T.
  • the electric power which the voltage transformer draws from the power source may be held constant over a period of time of at least 0.75 T within interval T.
  • the period of time may amount to at least 0.85 T, e.g., at least 0.90 T.
  • Intervals T may be selected to be equal.
  • intervals T may have a length in the range between 5 ms and 100 ms.
  • a period of time within which the output current pulse is delivered to the load may be at least 10 times smaller, e.g., at least 100 times smaller than the interval to the delivery of the next output current pulse.
  • the probe described herein may provide that the batteries are usable for a longer time, i.e., that more energy of the batteries is usable, because an exceedingly careful removal of the electric power from the battery is possible.
  • FIG. 1 schematically illustrates a probe system.
  • FIG. 2 a is a schematic circuit diagram for a circuit in a probe.
  • FIG. 2 b is a schematic circuit diagram for a voltage transformer.
  • FIG. 3 a shows a graph having output current pulses and output powers, respectively, delivered from a charge storage, plotted against time.
  • FIG. 3 b shows a graph having the voltage at the charge storage over time.
  • FIG. 3 c shows a graph having the power supplied to the charge storage over time.
  • FIG. 3 d shows a graph having the current supplied to the charge storage over time.
  • FIG. 4 a shows a graph having two voltages applied alternatively to the voltage transformer plotted against time.
  • FIG. 4 b shows a graph having the input power which is drawn by the voltage transformer from the power source plotted against time.
  • FIG. 4 c shows a graph having two input currents flowing alternatively into the voltage transformer plotted against time.
  • FIG. 5 a shows a graph having the voltage at the charge storage over time.
  • FIG. 5 b shows a graph having the power supplied to the charge storage over time.
  • FIG. 5 c shows a graph having the input power which is drawn by the voltage transformer from the power source plotted against time.
  • FIG. 5 d shows a graph of the current flowing into the voltage transformer plotted against time.
  • FIG. 6 a shows a graph of the voltage applied to the voltage transformer plotted against time.
  • FIG. 6 b shows a graph having the input power which is drawn by the voltage transformer from the power source plotted against time.
  • FIG. 6 c shows a graph of the current flowing into the voltage transformer plotted against time.
  • FIG. 7 shows a schematic flowchart of the method.
  • FIG. 1 shows a probe 1 which may be clamped into a machine tool using a clamping cone.
  • a cylindrical feeler 1 . 1 having a probing contact sphere at one end is provided on probe 1 .
  • the probe system also includes a transceiver unit 2 which is fixed in position on a stationary component 3 of the machine tool, so that probe 1 is thus mobile with respect to transceiver unit 2 , thus, is movable relative thereto.
  • transceiver elements 1 . 2 are distributed over the circumference of probe 1 , each secured so as to be offset by 60° along a circumferential line on probe 1 .
  • electromagnetic signals e.g., infrared signals
  • transceiver unit 2 may be emitted which are able to be received by transceiver unit 2 .
  • so-called ready signals B and probe signals A are able to be transmitted by probe 1 .
  • FIG. 2 shows a schematic circuit diagram of a circuit as is situated within probe 1 on a printed-circuit board according to a first exemplary embodiment.
  • the circuit includes a power source 12 which, in the exemplary embodiment shown, includes two lithium batteries having a rated voltage of 3.6 V in each case, so that one may speak of a direct current source here, as well.
  • the lithium batteries are connected in parallel, so that in the ideal case, voltage or power source 12 provides a voltage U 12 of 3.6 V.
  • the negative pole of power source 12 is connected to ground.
  • Power source 12 is used to supply energy to, e.g., a sensor unit 16 , a CPU 17 , a transmitting stage 15 and a receiving stage 18 .
  • Transmitting stage 15 upstream from which is a charge storage 14 , may also be denoted as a load having a current demand variable over time.
  • a capacitor having a capacitance C 14 of 300 ⁇ F is used as charge storage 14 in the exemplary embodiment illustrated.
  • a plurality of parallel-connected capacitors may be used, as well.
  • the circuit also includes an RC filter circuit, including a resistor 21 and a capacitor 22 .
  • the circuit has voltage transformers 13 , 23 .
  • Power source 12 is connected electrically to a voltage transformer 13 and supplies it with electrical energy. Accordingly, voltage transformer 13 is thus connected between power source 12 and the specified load, thus, transmitting stage 15 .
  • voltage transformer 13 includes a capacitor 13 . 1 , a coil 13 . 2 , a transistor 13 . 3 , as well as a diode 13 . 4 and a further capacitor 13 . 5 . These components are interconnected in accordance with FIG. 2 b .
  • capacitors 13 . 1 , 13 . 5 in each case have a capacitance of 10 ⁇ F.
  • Voltage transformer 13 is able to generate a voltage U 13out which lies above an input voltage U 13in , thus, above voltage U 12 of power source 12 .
  • Transistor 13 . 3 is controlled by CPU 17 in a manner that a pulse-width modulation PWM may be carried out.
  • PWM pulse-width modulation
  • the circuit downstream from a further voltage transformer 23 , the circuit includes two voltage limiters 19 , which provide output voltages U 19 , U 20 that are used simultaneously as input voltage for sensor unit 16 and for CPU 17 , respectively. Since the electric current which flows through resistor 21 is very small, the input voltage into receiving stage 18 can be equated in good approximation with voltage U 19 .
  • a corresponding activation signal is dispatched by stationary transceiver unit 2 .
  • the activation signal is converted by receiving stage 18 of probe 1 from an infrared signal to an electrical signal which is then relayed to CPU 17 .
  • corresponding commands go from CPU 17 to the relevant components in probe 1 , so that the probe system, i.e. the probe, is transferred into the measuring-operation mode.
  • the probe transmits a ready signal B at defined intervals T, in the present case, a constant interval T of 20 ms between the sending of two temporally adjacent ready signals B during normal operation being predefined by CPU 17 .
  • a ready signal B at defined intervals T, in the present case, a constant interval T of 20 ms between the sending of two temporally adjacent ready signals B during normal operation being predefined by CPU 17 .
  • FIG. 7 in which a flow chart for the method for operating probe 1 is represented schematically, the generating of ready signal B is shown as step I.
  • the periods of time ⁇ in which an output current pulse I 14out exists amount to approximately 20 ⁇ s. For these brief periods of time ⁇ , a comparatively high current on the order of 8 A flows into transmitting stage 15 during an output current pulse I 14out . Likewise, power P 14out removed from charge storage 14 is relatively high during these periods of time ⁇ .
  • FIG. 3 b shows the characteristic of voltage U 14 at charge storage 14 .
  • voltage U 14 decreases by a few 100 mV, and then rises again over the following 20 ms corresponding to interval T.
  • Actual voltage U 14 at charge storage 14 is determined after the dispatch of ready signal B. This measure is indicated as step II in the flow chart according to FIG. 7 .
  • voltage U 14 is supplied to CPU 17 , CPU 17 including an analog-digital converter and a voltage-divider circuit, so that a 12-bit value is generated there as information about the level of voltage U 14 .
  • time interval ⁇ T during which a mean power P 14in to be fed to charge storage 14 is to be applied, is read out from the memory of CPU 17 .
  • step VII in FIG. 7 voltage U 13in actually applied to voltage transformer 13 is determined at a time highlighted with dots.
  • this voltage U 13in is largely constant, since as a rule, voltage U 12 at the output of power source 12 does not fluctuate in this brief time.
  • the time characteristic of voltage U 13in is shown in FIG. 4 a .
  • the voltage is likewise determined in a circuit of CPU 17 with the aid of an analog-digital converter (see also FIG. 2 a ).
  • input power P 13in is then drawn off or removed from power source 12 . Consequently, power P 14in is supplied to charge storage 14 according to the characteristic in FIG. 3 c , that is, a current I 14in which corresponds to the characteristic according to FIG. 3 d will flow into charge storage 14 .
  • input power P 13in in each instance remains constant over entire interval T during time t ⁇ t 0 . In this manner, a minimal loading of power source 12 may be achieved.
  • maximum occurring input current I 13in is minimized ( FIG. 4 c ), which leads to a reduction in losses.
  • input current I 13in amounts to approximately 8 mA in this operating state.
  • probe 1 will transmit ready signals B repeatedly at intervals T, which are subsequently received by transceiver unit 2 .
  • a digital signal (change of a voltage level from high to low) is then generated in sensor unit 16 .
  • This signal is transmitted to CPU 17 where it is processed.
  • the signal, processed by CPU 17 is then routed to transmitting stage 15 , which generates probe signal A in the form of electromagnetic rays or signals.
  • the electromagnetic signals take the form of infrared signals; however, radio signals, for instance, may also be used.
  • Probe signals A are received by stationary transceiver unit 2 . Inside transceiver unit 2 , the infrared signals are converted into electrical signals and conditioned. Finally, the conditioned electrical signals arrive via a cable 2 . 2 at stationary sequential electronics, where they are further processed.
  • Output current pulse I 14out which is followed by a dispatch of a probe signal A, is represented by a broken line in FIG. 3 a . In the present exemplary embodiment, this output current pulse I 14out is greater than output current pulses I 14out , represented with solid lines, which are necessary for transmitting ready signals B. The same observation holds true for applied power P 14out .
  • a probe signal A After a probe signal A has been dispatched, further transmission of a signal, e.g., a probe signal A or a ready signal B, is blocked within interval T in the exemplary embodiment illustrated.
  • a signal e.g., a probe signal A or a ready signal B
  • ready signals B are dispatched again at intervals T during normal operation, so that the probe system operates as in period of time t ⁇ t 0 described above.
  • the probe system is operated analogously to the first exemplary embodiment, so long as the probe is transmitting only ready signals B (t ⁇ t 0 ).
  • voltage U 14 at charge storage 14 is raised at intervals T in the direction of setpoint value U′ 14Set , setpoint value U′ 14Set being set somewhat higher in the second exemplary embodiment than setpoint value U 14Set of the first exemplary embodiment.
  • the level of voltage U 14 at charge storage 14 approaches setpoint value U′ 14Set asymptotically, as shown in FIG. 5 a .
  • probe 1 is operable without difficulty at a voltage U 14 , which, for example, is 60% of U′ 14Set , the fact that purely arithmetically, voltage U 14 does not completely reach setpoint value U′ 14Set plays no role for the perfect operation of probe 1 .
  • the period of time for the feeding of the electrical energy is increased without, however, there having been a drop below the necessary minimum voltage U 14min at charge storage 14 .
  • a third exemplary embodiment is connection with FIGS. 6 a through 6 c .
  • Output current pulses I 14out are delivered by charge storage 14 to transmitting stage 15 analogously to the first exemplary embodiment, thus, according to FIG. 3 a .
  • FIGS. 3 b , 3 c and approximately, additionally 3 d are applicable for the third exemplary embodiment, as well.
  • Voltage U 13in applied to voltage transformer 13 is to remain unchanged relative to the first exemplary embodiment, as shown in FIG. 6 a.
  • input power P′′ 13in is now set to zero for an extremely short period ( FIG. 6 b ), that is, the supply of input current I′′ 13in fed in is interrupted briefly.
  • actual voltage U 13in is determined precisely at these instants, so that the no-load voltage of power source 12 is quasi measured here.
  • Voltage U 13in determined in this manner is thus the basis for the calculation of the level of mean input current I′′ 13in and the level of mean input power P′′ 13in , respectively, which are to be drawn by voltage transformer 13 from power source 12 .
  • the third exemplary embodiment corresponds to a great extent to the two first exemplary embodiments.
  • FIGS. 3 a through 6 c are not true to scale, but rather are intended to only qualitatively point out temporal relationships.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Tests Of Electric Status Of Batteries (AREA)
  • Measuring Fluid Pressure (AREA)
  • Charge And Discharge Circuits For Batteries Or The Like (AREA)
US13/425,594 2011-03-24 2012-03-21 Probe and method for operating a probe Active 2033-09-22 US9127922B2 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (6)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102011006017.0 2011-03-24
DE102011006017 2011-03-24
DE102011006017 2011-03-24
DE102011084755.3 2011-10-19
DE102011084755A DE102011084755A1 (de) 2011-03-24 2011-10-19 Tastkopf und Verfahren zum Betreiben eines Tastkopfs
DE102011084755 2011-10-19

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EP (1) EP2503280B1 (zh)
CN (1) CN102692170B (zh)
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CN111857309B (zh) * 2020-07-08 2022-06-07 苏州浪潮智能科技有限公司 一种cpu供电转接装置及主板

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US5889388A (en) * 1996-06-06 1999-03-30 Heartstream, Inc. Circuitry for dynamically controlling capacitor charge based on battery capacity
US20040184415A1 (en) * 2003-01-29 2004-09-23 Klaus Groell Method for transmitting control commands from a transmitting element to a measuring probe
EP1557639A1 (de) 2004-01-23 2005-07-27 Dr. Johannes Heidenhain GmbH Tastsystem und Verfahren zum Betreiben eines Tastsystems
EP1742011A2 (de) 2005-07-08 2007-01-10 Dr. Johannes Heidenhain GmbH Tastkopf
US7203077B2 (en) * 2005-07-20 2007-04-10 General Atomics Electronic Systems, Inc. Resonant charge power supply topology for high pulse rate pulsed power systems
US20080017726A1 (en) 2006-07-19 2008-01-24 Somfy Sas Method of operating a self-powered home automation sensor device for detecting the existence of and/or for measuring the intensity of a physical phenomenon
US20090265946A1 (en) 2008-04-24 2009-10-29 Hexagon Metrology Ab Self-powered coordinate probe

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FR2762110A1 (fr) * 1997-04-14 1998-10-16 Renishaw Plc Systeme formant capteur programmable
DE102006054978A1 (de) * 2006-11-22 2008-05-29 Dr. Johannes Heidenhain Gmbh Tastsystem

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US5889388A (en) * 1996-06-06 1999-03-30 Heartstream, Inc. Circuitry for dynamically controlling capacitor charge based on battery capacity
US20040184415A1 (en) * 2003-01-29 2004-09-23 Klaus Groell Method for transmitting control commands from a transmitting element to a measuring probe
EP1557639A1 (de) 2004-01-23 2005-07-27 Dr. Johannes Heidenhain GmbH Tastsystem und Verfahren zum Betreiben eines Tastsystems
US6984999B2 (en) * 2004-01-23 2006-01-10 Dr. Johannes Heidenhain Gmbh Probe system and method for operating a probe system
EP1742011A2 (de) 2005-07-08 2007-01-10 Dr. Johannes Heidenhain GmbH Tastkopf
US7464483B2 (en) * 2005-07-08 2008-12-16 Dr. Johannes Heidenhain Gmbh Probe head
US7203077B2 (en) * 2005-07-20 2007-04-10 General Atomics Electronic Systems, Inc. Resonant charge power supply topology for high pulse rate pulsed power systems
US20080017726A1 (en) 2006-07-19 2008-01-24 Somfy Sas Method of operating a self-powered home automation sensor device for detecting the existence of and/or for measuring the intensity of a physical phenomenon
US20090265946A1 (en) 2008-04-24 2009-10-29 Hexagon Metrology Ab Self-powered coordinate probe

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US20120242326A1 (en) 2012-09-27
DE102011084755A1 (de) 2012-09-27
EP2503280A1 (de) 2012-09-26
CN102692170A (zh) 2012-09-26
CN102692170B (zh) 2016-10-05
EP2503280B1 (de) 2013-03-06

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