US9051920B2 - Development of a new tower cabling - Google Patents

Development of a new tower cabling Download PDF

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Publication number
US9051920B2
US9051920B2 US12/528,504 US52850409A US9051920B2 US 9051920 B2 US9051920 B2 US 9051920B2 US 52850409 A US52850409 A US 52850409A US 9051920 B2 US9051920 B2 US 9051920B2
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United States
Prior art keywords
cable
suspension
holes
nacelle
tower
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Expired - Fee Related, expires
Application number
US12/528,504
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English (en)
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US20100247326A1 (en
Inventor
Peter Prebio
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AMSC Windtec GmbH
AMSC Austria GmbH
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AMSC Austria GmbH
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Assigned to AMSC WINDTEC GMBH reassignment AMSC WINDTEC GMBH ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: PREBIO, PETER
Publication of US20100247326A1 publication Critical patent/US20100247326A1/en
Assigned to AMSC WINDTEC GMBH reassignment AMSC WINDTEC GMBH ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: AMSC WINDTEC GMBH
Assigned to AMSC Austria GmbH reassignment AMSC Austria GmbH CHANGE OF NAME (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: AMSC WINDTEC GMBH
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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03D—WIND MOTORS
    • F03D80/00—Details, components or accessories not provided for in groups F03D1/00 - F03D17/00
    • F03D11/00—
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03D—WIND MOTORS
    • F03D80/00—Details, components or accessories not provided for in groups F03D1/00 - F03D17/00
    • F03D80/60—Cooling or heating of wind motors
    • F03D11/0066—
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03D—WIND MOTORS
    • F03D80/00—Details, components or accessories not provided for in groups F03D1/00 - F03D17/00
    • F03D80/80—Arrangement of components within nacelles or towers
    • F03D80/82—Arrangement of components within nacelles or towers of electrical components
    • F03D80/85—Cabling
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/70—Wind energy
    • Y02E10/72—Wind turbines with rotation axis in wind direction
    • Y02E10/722—
    • Y02E10/726—
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T29/00—Metal working
    • Y10T29/49—Method of mechanical manufacture
    • Y10T29/49316—Impeller making

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a cable suspension arrangement for a wind energy converter, to a corresponding mounting method and to a corresponding spacer plate.
  • a wind energy converter is a rotating machine which converts the kinetic energy in wind into electricity and feeds the electricity into the electrical grid.
  • a wind energy converter generally includes a nacelle disposed on a tower.
  • the nacelle also called gondola
  • the nacelle includes a rotor head equipped with blades and a main shaft connected to the rotor head so as to integrally rotate with the rotor head.
  • the nacelle can rotate around a vertical axis so as to actively or passively follow the wind direction.
  • a first type of nacelle further includes a gear box connected to the main shaft that rotates upon receiving the wind power supplied to the blades, and a generator driven by an output shaft from the gear box.
  • the rotor head equipped with the blades converts wind power into a rotational force, and the main shaft rotates to generate a first rotational speed.
  • the first rotational speed is increased via the gear box connected to the main shaft, and a corresponding second larger rotational speed is transmitted to the rotor of the generator.
  • a second type of nacelle without gear box uses direct drive turbines with DC generators. Special high power electronics convert from DC to AC electricity.
  • the electrical energy produced by the generator will be transferred by cables which are installed in the tower. Since the nacelle must always turn the rotor into the wind direction and the desired range of yawing is two revolutions clockwise and two revolutions counter clockwise, the power cabling will be highly stressed and there is the potential risk of damage.
  • FIG. 5 is a side view showing an example of the conventional overall structure of a wind energy converter.
  • a wind energy converter 1 includes a tower 2 disposed on a foundation 6 , a nacelle 3 provided on the upper end of the tower 2 which is rotatable around a substantially vertical axis B, and a rotor head 4 provided on the nacelle 3 including a hub for fixing rotor blades 5 which rotor head 4 is rotatable around a substantially horizontal axis A.
  • a plurality of blades 5 is attached to the rotor head 4 so as to be radially disposed around the rotation axis A. Thereby, wind power supplied to the blades 5 from the direction of the variable rotation axis A of the rotor head 4 is converted into mechanical power for rotating the rotor head 4 around the rotation axis.
  • FIG. 6 is an example of a conventional cable suspension arrangement of the wind energy converter of FIG. 5 .
  • a nacelle 3 (only part of the contour of a main frame is shown in FIG. 6 ) is supported on bearings 25 which are located on a platform 20 on top of the tower 2 .
  • Reference signs L 1 , L 2 , L 3 denote a first, second and third cable, which connect a not-shown generator in the nacelle 3 with the electrical grid.
  • L 1 , L 2 , L 3 are shown here; however, normally there are between 15 and 50 cables which have to be bundled and let down from the top of the tower 2 to the bottom of the tower 2 .
  • the cables L 1 , L 2 , L 3 typically have a cross-section of 150 mm 2 or more and have a length between 10 and 15 m, it is necessary to implement a suspension means for stress relief, cable guide means and cable spacing means.
  • the suspension means is realized as a cable stocking arrangement as schematically depicted as H 1 , H 2 , H 3 in FIG. 6 .
  • each cable L 1 , L 2 , L 3 wears a cable stocking which is hooked to a part of the nacelle 3 so as to be rotatable together with the nacelle 3 .
  • spacer plate 31 having through-hole 61
  • spacer plate 32 having through-hole 71
  • the cables L 1 , L 2 , L 3 are led through and either clamped therein or fixed thereto by cable ties.
  • the spacer plates 31 , 32 are fixed to the tower 2 wall by a respective fixing means 312 , 322 .
  • the cables L 1 , L 2 , L 3 are guided to the sidewall of the tower 2 via a so-called cable loop L and via a supporting cylinder 40 .
  • the supporting cylinder 40 is fixed at the sidewall of the tower 2 by a corresponding fixing means 41 denoted by dashed lines in FIG. 6 .
  • a fixture 50 attached to the sidewall of the tower 2 which fixes the cables L 1 , L 2 , L 3 in corresponding through-holes 51 , 52 , 53 , e.g. by a clamping mechanism or by cable ties.
  • the cable loop L can move upwards and downwards along the direction of the arrow P 3 so as to vary the free length of the cables L 1 , L 2 , L 3 .
  • the length of the cable loop L (typically 2.5 m) is arranged such that the twist and upward and downward movement of each cable L 1 , L 2 and L 3 can be absorbed.
  • a worker has to climb up and down several times in order to install the cabling in the correct way.
  • the worker needs heavy tools.
  • the worker In order to uninstall the nacelle to change the gear box, the worker has to cut the cabling and then has to re-install the cabling after replacement of the nacelle 3 . In this case, the worker needs heavy tools and to climb up and down the tower several times.
  • U.S. Pat. No. 6,713,891 B2 discloses a wind turbine including a cable suspension and cable spacing devices for maintaining a constant distance between the cables hanging down through the tower.
  • the stable spacing devices are suspended down along a wire or a rope.
  • the cable spacing devices have a polygonal or circular circumference and are provided with slots that extend from the circumference towards the centre.
  • the centre is provided with a hole through which the wire or rope on which the cable spacing device is suspended can run.
  • the cables are clamped at the inner ends of the slots.
  • the present invention provides a cable suspension arrangement for a wind energy converter, a corresponding mounting method, and a corresponding spacer plate.
  • a cable suspension arrangement for suspending a plurality of cables for a wind energy converter comprises a first suspension means for suspending the first plurality of cables at the nacelle, a second suspension means which is attachable to the nacelle, and a second plurality of spacer plates each including a suspension hole and each including a third plurality of cable through-holes.
  • the second suspension means is led through the suspension holes, and a fixing means is provided for fixing the spacer plates at different positions on the second suspension means such that they can at least not lower their respective position.
  • the cables are slidably led through the through-hole.
  • a cable suspension arrangement of a wind energy converter including a tower and a nacelle provided on the tower includes a plurality of spacer plates each including a suspension hole and a plurality of cable through-holes, the plurality of cable through-holes configured to receive a plurality of cables suspended from the nacelle; a suspension device attached to the nacelle and led through the suspension holes; and a fastener configured to fix the spacer plates at different positions on the suspension device such that they can at least not lower their respective position.
  • Embodiments may include one or more of the following. At least one of the spacer plates is attached to the tower such that it cannot rotate around a rotation axis of the nacelle. At least one of the spacer plates is the lowermost spacer plate. At least one of the spacer plates is the uppermost spacer plate.
  • the suspension device is wire-like, rope-like, or rod-like.
  • the fastener includes clamping fasteners.
  • the cable suspension arrangement further includes a guide inserted into the suspension holes, the guide configured to guide an upward motion of the spacer plates along the suspension device.
  • the guide exhibits a sleeve form.
  • the cable through-holes have rounded edges at the lower and upper surface of the spacer plates.
  • the spacer plates have a circular shape.
  • the suspension holes are positioned in the center of the spacer plates.
  • the spacer plates further include a plurality of heat transport holes. The heat transport holes are distributed between a first and second radius from the center suspension hole. The cable through-holes are distributed beyond the second radius from the center suspension hole.
  • a mounting method of a cable suspension arrangement of a wind energy converter including a tower and a nacelle provided on the tower includes providing a cable suspension arrangement, temporarily fixing the cable suspension arrangement on the tower, mounting a main frame of the nacelle, fixing the cable suspension arrangement on the main frame of the nacelle, and removing the temporary fixing.
  • Embodiments may include one or more of the following.
  • the temporarily fixing of the cable suspension arrangement on the tower is performed on a top platform of the tower.
  • the temporarily fixing of the cable suspension arrangement on the tower is performed by attaching a suspension device to the tower.
  • the method further includes the step of electrically connecting cables to the wind energy converter with electrical connectors.
  • a spacer plate for a cable suspension arrangement for a wind energy converter includes a suspension hole and a plurality of cable through-holes.
  • the cable through-holes have rounded edges at the lower and upper surface of the spacer plates.
  • Embodiments may include one or more of the following.
  • the spacer plate further includes a plurality of heat transport holes.
  • the spacer plate has a circular shape.
  • the suspension holes are positioned in the center of the spacer plates.
  • the heat transport holes are distributed between a first and second radius from the center suspension hole.
  • the cable through-holes are distributed beyond the second radius from the center suspension hole.
  • This cable suspension arrangement provides significant advantages.
  • the size and design of the cable suspension arrangement can be individually fitted to the requirements of each particular wind energy converter.
  • a gentle guiding of the power cabling while maintaining the respective positions of the cable in the centre of the tower can be realized. No damage of the casing of each tower cable due to cable ties or friction occurs. Profitable and safe temporary installation of the whole tower cabling in the horizontal tower platform is possible.
  • Interfaces between tower cabling and cabling in the nacelle can be realized in form of connector plugs.
  • the connector plugs provide a convenient way to remove the nacelle from the top of the tower as often as needed.
  • the new design can be used for all types of wind energy converters no matter how many tower cables are used.
  • the guiding and spacing is variable and does not clamp the cables to the spacer plates.
  • the design and material of the guiding ensures an essential space between the cables and thus the friction between the cables and between the cables and the guiding can be avoided. With its variability, the guiding follows the motion of the twisting cables and ensures a controlled and secured cable twist.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a cable suspension arrangement for a wind energy converter
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic cross-sectional view of another embodiment of a cable suspension arrangement for a wind energy converter
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a further embodiment of a cable suspension arrangement for a wind energy converter
  • FIG. 4 is a plain view of a spacer plate which can be used in the embodiments of FIGS. 1 to 3 ;
  • FIG. 5 is a side view showing an example of the conventional overall structure of a wind energy converter.
  • FIG. 6 is an example of a conventional cable suspension arrangement of the wind energy converter of FIG. 5 .
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a cable suspension arrangement for a wind energy converter.
  • a nacelle 3 (only part of the contour of a main frame is shown in FIG. 1 ) is supported on bearings 25 which are located on a platform 20 on top of the tower 2 .
  • Reference signs L 1 , L 2 denote a first and second cable, which connect a not-shown generator in the nacelle 3 with the electrical grid.
  • the cables L 1 , L 2 typically have a cross-section of 150 mm 2 or more and have a length between 10 and 15 m.
  • a first suspension means is realized as a cable stocking arrangement as schematically depicted as H 1 , H 2 in FIG. 1 .
  • each cable L 1 , L 2 wears a cable stocking which is hooked to a bottom of a main frame of the nacelle 3 so as to be rotatable together with the nacelle 3 .
  • a second suspension means 100 in the form of a steel wire is also attached to the bottom of the mainframe of the nacelle 3 by a corresponding fixing 150 in the form of a hook or a nuts and bolts connector.
  • a plurality of spacer plates 130 , 131 , 132 , 133 is distributed along the second suspension means 100 .
  • Each of the spacer plates 130 , 131 , 132 , 133 is of circular shape and includes a central suspension hole I, a plurality of cable through-holes V 1 , and a plurality of heat transport holes K 1 .
  • the second suspension means 100 in the form of the steel wire is led through the suspension holes I.
  • each spacer plate 130 , 131 , 132 , 133 there is a fixing means 33 c on the bottom side in the form of a clamping fastener which fixes the respective spacer plates 130 , 131 , 132 , 133 at their different positions on the second suspension means 100 so that they cannot change their respective position.
  • the cables L 1 , L 2 are slidably led through the through-holes V 1 of the respective spacer plates 130 , 131 , 132 , 133 such that they run substantially parallel to the second fixing means 100 if they are not twisted by a rotation of the nacelle 3 .
  • the lowermost spacer plate 133 is attached to the tower 2 sidewall via respective fixtures 133 a , 133 b such that it cannot rotate around a rotation axis of the nacelle 3 .
  • the twisting of the cables will not be transferred to the cable loop L and cannot proceed further down to the region where the cables L 1 , L 2 are rigidly attached to the tower 2 sidewall.
  • the cables L 1 , L 2 are guided to the sidewall of the tower 2 via a cable loop L and via a supporting cylinder 40 .
  • the supporting cylinder 40 is fixed at the sidewall of the tower 2 by a corresponding fixing means 41 denoted by dashed lines in FIG. 1 .
  • the cable loop L can move upwards and downwards trough the cable through-holes V 1 along the direction of the arrow P 3 so as to vary the free length of the cables L 1 , L 2 .
  • the number and separation of the spacer plates 130 , 131 , 132 , and 133 , and the length of the cable loop L are arranged such that the twist and upward and downward movement of each cable L 1 , L 2 can be absorbed.
  • the five heat transport holes K 1 guarantee undisturbed heat dissipation.
  • Plastic material is advantageous, since it has very good properties regarding the coefficient of friction between each cable and the spacer plate. Since the curvature of the cable through-holes V 1 is smooth, an abrasion or damaging of the cables L 1 , L 2 can be prevented.
  • the cable suspension arrangement can be temporarily fixed on the platform 20 of the tower 2 or any other part of the tower 2 which is available before the nacelle 3 is mounted on the top of the tower. For example, it is possible to lift the cable suspension arrangement with the fully prepared tower cabling and all loads and spacer plates 130 , 131 , 132 , 133 to the top platform 20 and to temporarily hang it on a suitable hook or other fixing means.
  • the cable suspension arrangement can be mounted on the mainframe of the nacelle 3 , and when the mounting of the mainframe is finished, the temporary fixing to the top platform 20 can be removed.
  • Plug connectors S 1 , S 2 which are the interfaces between the cables L 1 , L 2 and the tower cabling in the nacelle 3 coming from the generator have to be connected in order to establish the electrical connection from the generator to the grid.
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a second embodiment of a cable suspension arrangement for a wind energy converter.
  • Bolts B 1 , B 2 can be designed such that they allow an upward motion of the spacer plate 130 into the direction of the platform 20 denoted by an arrow P, however, no rotation along with the nacelle 3 .
  • the spacer plates 130 , 131 , 132 , 133 only comprise a fixing means 33 c on the bottom side which fixing means 33 c is arranged such that the spacer plates 130 , 131 , 132 , 133 can not lower their respective position, however, can move upwards in the direction of the arrow P if a twisting of the cables L 1 , L 2 occurs due to a rotation of the nacelle 3 .
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a third embodiment of a cable suspension arrangement for a wind energy converter.
  • the third embodiment according to FIG. 3 differs from the above-mentioned second embodiment in that the center hole I′ of the spacer plates 131 ′ and 132 ′ is larger than the spacer hole I of the first and second embodiment.
  • guiding means in form of a T-shaped sleeve 151 ′, 152 ′ inserted between the second suspension means 100 and the centre holes I′ for improved guiding of an upward motion of the spacer plates 131 ′, 132 ′ along the second suspension means 100 .
  • the respective fixing means 33 c of the spacer plates 131 ′, 132 ′ are provided directly below the guiding means 151 ′, 152 ′.
  • FIG. 4 is a plain view of a spacer plate which can be used in the embodiments of FIGS. 1 to 3 .
  • the heat transport holes K 1 are distributed between a first and second radius r 1 , r 2 from the centre hole I, and the cable through-holes V 1 are distributed beyond the second radius R 2 from the centre holes I.
  • the distances between the cables are also maximized.
  • the cable through-holes V 1 exhibit rounded edges at their lower and upper surface US, OS as shown in FIG. 4 b such that friction during tilted sliding motion of the cables through the cable through-holes V 1 is reduced.
  • friction along a sharp edge during cable upward or downward motion is prevented and therefore an abrasion and damage of the cable casing can be prevented.
  • the geometry of the spacer plates does not necessarily need to be circular, but can have any other suited shape such as rectangular, trigonal, hexagonal etc.
  • the invention is also not restricted to the form of the first suspension means to be cable stockings, but other suspension means can be used such as clamping means or press-fit connections.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Sustainable Energy (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Wind Motors (AREA)
US12/528,504 2009-03-24 2009-03-24 Development of a new tower cabling Expired - Fee Related US9051920B2 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
PCT/EP2009/053454 WO2010108538A1 (fr) 2009-03-24 2009-03-24 Développement d'un nouveau câblage de tour

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
US20100247326A1 US20100247326A1 (en) 2010-09-30
US9051920B2 true US9051920B2 (en) 2015-06-09

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US (1) US9051920B2 (fr)
EP (1) EP2352919A1 (fr)
CN (1) CN101939538A (fr)
WO (1) WO2010108538A1 (fr)

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US20140255151A1 (en) * 2013-03-05 2014-09-11 Ogin, Inc. Fluid Turbine With Slip Ring
US20150222106A1 (en) * 2012-10-04 2015-08-06 Hydac Accessories Gmbh Apparatus for routing cables in wind turbines
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CN106816840B (zh) * 2017-03-28 2018-08-14 北京金风科创风电设备有限公司 扭缆保护装置、扭缆保护装置的使用方法及风力发电机组
DE102017004876A1 (de) * 2017-05-22 2018-11-22 Senvion Gmbh Verfahren zum Verkabeln einer Windenergieanlage, Verkabelungssystem für eine Windenergieanlage sowie Windenergieanlage
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EP4056846A1 (fr) * 2021-03-11 2022-09-14 General Electric Renovables España S.L. Ensembles de guidage de câble et procédés pour éoliennes
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