US9036091B2 - Receiver and method of receiving analog and digital television signals - Google Patents

Receiver and method of receiving analog and digital television signals Download PDF

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Publication number
US9036091B2
US9036091B2 US12/986,053 US98605311A US9036091B2 US 9036091 B2 US9036091 B2 US 9036091B2 US 98605311 A US98605311 A US 98605311A US 9036091 B2 US9036091 B2 US 9036091B2
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Prior art keywords
signal
dtv
atv
output
demodulator
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US20120176550A1 (en
Inventor
Alan F. Hendrickson
Alessandro Piovaccari
Ramin Khoini-Poorfard
Mitchell Reid
Frederick Alan Rush
Jean-Marc Guyot
David Le Goff
Michael Robert May
Henry William Singor
Qi Cai
Peter Jozef Vancorenland
Chunyu Xin
Pascal Blouin
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Skyworks Solutions Inc
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Silicon Laboratories Inc
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Priority to US12/986,053 priority Critical patent/US9036091B2/en
Assigned to SILICON LABORATORIES INC. reassignment SILICON LABORATORIES INC. ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: LE GOFF, DAVID, BLOUIN, PASCAL, SINGOR, HENRY WILLIAM, XIN, CHUNYU, GUYOT, JEAN-MARC, RUSH, FREDERICK ALAN, KHOINI-POORFARD, RAMIN, PIOVACCARI, ALESSANDRO, REID, MITCHELL, VANCORENLAND, PETER JOZEF, CAI, Qi, HENDRICKSON, ALAN F., MAY, MICHAEL ROBERT
Priority to CN201210012064.4A priority patent/CN102685416B/zh
Priority to DE102012200164.6A priority patent/DE102012200164B4/de
Publication of US20120176550A1 publication Critical patent/US20120176550A1/en
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Assigned to SKYWORKS SOLUTIONS, INC. reassignment SKYWORKS SOLUTIONS, INC. ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: SILICON LABORATORIES INC.
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N21/00—Selective content distribution, e.g. interactive television or video on demand [VOD]
    • H04N21/40—Client devices specifically adapted for the reception of or interaction with content, e.g. set-top-box [STB]; Operations thereof
    • H04N21/41—Structure of client; Structure of client peripherals
    • H04N21/426—Internal components of the client ; Characteristics thereof
    • H04N21/42607—Internal components of the client ; Characteristics thereof for processing the incoming bitstream
    • H04N21/4263—Internal components of the client ; Characteristics thereof for processing the incoming bitstream involving specific tuning arrangements, e.g. two tuners
    • H04N21/42638—Internal components of the client ; Characteristics thereof for processing the incoming bitstream involving specific tuning arrangements, e.g. two tuners involving a hybrid front-end, e.g. analog and digital tuners
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
    • H03J—TUNING RESONANT CIRCUITS; SELECTING RESONANT CIRCUITS
    • H03J1/00—Details of adjusting, driving, indicating, or mechanical control arrangements for resonant circuits in general
    • H03J1/0008—Details of adjusting, driving, indicating, or mechanical control arrangements for resonant circuits in general using a central processing unit, e.g. a microprocessor
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N5/00—Details of television systems
    • H04N5/44—Receiver circuitry for the reception of television signals according to analogue transmission standards
    • H04N5/46—Receiver circuitry for the reception of television signals according to analogue transmission standards for receiving on more than one standard at will

Definitions

  • the present disclosure is generally related to television receivers, and more particularly to television receivers capable of receiving and demodulating analog television signals and digital television signals.
  • Analog television (TV) receivers often down-convert analog TV transmissions from a first radio frequency (RF) to an intermediate frequency (IF) signal in a component known as a tuner.
  • the IF signal passes through two highly selective filters, one for video IF (VIF) and another for sound IF (SIF), typically constructed using surface acoustic wave (SAW) technology.
  • the tuner provides the resulting video IF (VIF) signal to a video demodulator to recover the baseband video (composite video blanking and synchronization or CVBS) and its carrier.
  • the carrier is typically recovered and applied to the sound IF (SIF) signal to further frequency-translate the SIF signal to a second IF frequency known as an inter-carrier SIF, a second (2 nd ) SIF or SSIF.
  • a sound channel demodulator can then be applied to the SSIF signal to recover baseband audio signals.
  • the tuner being sensitive to radio frequency (RF) interference, is typically contained in a metalized can, which is designed to shield the tuner from RF interference, including interference generated by switching noise and other spurious RF interference.
  • the analog TV demodulator and sound demodulator may or may not be co-located within the metalized can and may or may not be integrated with the tuner, depending on cost, performance, and system architecture considerations.
  • a tuner In conventional digital TV reception, a similar implementation exists.
  • a tuner the performance parameters of which are optimized differently for digital TV (DTV) transmissions than for analog TV (ATV), down-converts the DTV signals from an RF signal to an IF signal for filtering through a SAW filter with performance characteristics different than those required for ATV.
  • the resulting IF signal is presented to a DTV demodulator, which decodes the IF signal to produce a digital output known as a Moving Picture Experts Group (MPEG) transport stream (TS).
  • MPEG Moving Picture Experts Group
  • the tuner is typically enclosed in a metalized can to suppress RF interference, and the digital demodulator is typically placed outside of the metalized can due to the potential for the digital demodulator to contribute significantly to RF interference.
  • an integrated circuit includes a tuner, a digital television (DTV) demodulator, an analog television (ATV) demodulator, and a controller.
  • the tuner includes an input for receiving a radio frequency (RF) signal including at least one of an analog television signal and digital television signal, and including a first output terminal and a second output terminal.
  • the DTV demodulator includes a DTV input coupled to the first output terminal of the tuner and includes a DTV output terminal.
  • the ATV demodulator includes an ATV input coupled to the second output terminal of the tuner and includes an ATV output terminal.
  • the controller is coupled to the tuner, the DTV demodulator, and the ATV demodulator and adapted to configure the tuner and at least one of the DTV demodulator and the ATV demodulator for receiving television content in a selected television format.
  • a receiver in another embodiment, includes a digital television (DTV) demodulator having a DTV input and a DTV output.
  • the DTV demodulator decodes a signal to produce a digital television output signal.
  • the receiver further includes an analog television (ATV) demodulator having an ATV input and an ATV output.
  • the ATV demodulator demodulates the signal to produce an analog television output signal in one of a digital format and an analog format.
  • the receiver also includes a tuner having a tuner input for receiving a radio frequency (RF) signal, which includes at least one of an analog television signal and a digital television signal.
  • the tuner includes a first output terminal and a second output terminal and is adapted to convert the RF signal to a signal having an intermediate frequency.
  • the receiver further includes a controller configured to control operation of the tuner, the DTV demodulator and the ATV demodulator to selectively provide the signal to one of the first output connection and the second output connection.
  • RF radio frequency
  • FIG. 1 is a block diagram of an integrated circuit including a tuner, a micro control unit (MCU), a digital television demodulator, and an analog television demodulator.
  • MCU micro control unit
  • FIG. 2 illustrates, in partial block diagram and partial schematic form, an embodiment of a radio frequency front-end circuit portion of the tuner of FIG. 1 in a television receiver.
  • FIG. 3 is a block diagram of an embodiment of a digital front-end circuit of the tuner of FIG. 1 .
  • FIG. 4 is a block diagram of an embodiment of the digital television demodulator of FIG. 1 .
  • FIG. 5 is a block diagram of an embodiment of the analog television demodulator of FIG. 1 .
  • an integrated mixed-signal television receiver circuit is described below that are capable of selectively demodulating an analog television signal or a digital television signal.
  • the integrated circuit enables a low-profile, low part-count television receiver circuit, including printed circuit board designs suitable for international transmission standards.
  • an integrated circuit includes an input for receiving TV signals at an RF frequency and a tuner circuit configured to filter, amplify and down-convert the TV signal from the RF frequency to an intermediate (IF) frequency, which can be provided to an analog demodulator and/or a digital demodulator for extracting the video and audio signals and for providing the demodulated/decoded signals to input/output interfaces.
  • IF intermediate
  • the integrated circuit further includes the analog TV demodulator, the digital TV demodulator, and a micro control unit (MCU), which controls clock signals, output signal timing, automatic gain control (AGC), calibration, and various other operations to limit spurious RF interference.
  • MCU micro control unit
  • AGC automatic gain control
  • An example of an integrated circuit that provides both analog TV receiver and digital TV receiver functionality is described below with respect to FIG. 1 .
  • FIG. 1 is a block diagram of an integrated circuit 100 including a tuner 104 , a micro control unit 114 , a digital television (DTV) demodulator 106 , and an analog television (ATV) demodulator 110 .
  • Integrated circuit 100 further includes an input interface 102 configured to receive a radio frequency (RF) TV signal.
  • the RF TV signal may include multiple TV channels including audio and video content.
  • input interface 102 may be coupled to one or more connection interfaces, each of which is configured to connect to a terrestrial antenna as well as a cable (such as a coaxial cable, an Ethernet cable, Audio/Video cables, or any combination thereof) carrying the RF TV signal in a digital format or an analog format.
  • the RF TV signal may include both digital and analog TV signals.
  • Input interface 102 includes an output connected to tuner 104 .
  • Tuner 104 includes an RF front-end circuit 116 having an input connected to the output of input interface 102 and an output connected to a digital front-end circuit 118 .
  • Digital front-end circuit 118 includes a first output connected to DTV demodulator 106 and a second output connected to ATV demodulator 110 .
  • DTV demodulator 106 includes one or more outputs connected to a DTV input/output (I/O) interface 108 , which can connect to a digital television system, such as a high-definition DTV system on an MPEG decoding chip.
  • ATV demodulator 110 includes one or more outputs connected to an ATV I/O interface 112 , which can connect to an analog television system.
  • Integrated circuit 100 further includes a micro control unit (MCU) 114 , which is shared by tuner 104 , DTV demodulator 106 , DTV I/O interface 108 , ATV demodulator 110 , and ATV I/O interface 112 .
  • MCU 114 controls the configuration and operation of the various components.
  • MCU 114 includes a host interface 126 for receiving signals from a host system, which may communicate with MCU 114 using an inter-integrated circuit (I 2 C) bus.
  • MCU 114 includes a read-only memory (ROM) 120 , a random access memory 122 , and optionally a non-volatile memory (NVM) 123 , which are accessible to MCU 114 to store data and instructions.
  • ROM read-only memory
  • NVM non-volatile memory
  • MCU 114 controls an on-chip ATV simulator circuit 124 configured to inject a simulated ATV signal into digital front-end circuit 118 to provide a self-test of integrated circuit 100 and self-test capability for the TV device that incorporates integrated circuit 100 , possibly reducing overhead test cost.
  • ATV simulator circuit 124 may be configured to inject the simulated ATV signal into RF front end circuit 116 .
  • bi-directional connectors are used to depict logical connections between various components.
  • logical connections may include multiple wire traces or physical communication paths, allowing data to be communicated bi-directionally between two components.
  • data can include television content in one direction and feedback data in the other.
  • MCU 114 configures tuner 104 , DTV demodulator 106 , and ATV demodulator 110 , as needed, to achieve desired performance characteristics for both analog and digital TV transmissions.
  • RF front-end circuit 116 receives an RF signal, amplifies, mixes, and filters the RF signal to produce in-phase and quadrature (I and Q) output signals at an intermediate frequency (IF), which are provided to digital front-end circuit 118 .
  • Digital front-end circuit 118 applies a gain and performs further filtering. For example, digital front-end circuit 118 may apply a channelization filter function to filter the IF signals.
  • the channelization filter function is implemented with the combination of an analog-to-digital converter (ADC), a digital filter, and a digital-to-analog converter (DAC) to allow configurability of the filter transfer characteristics depending on the transmission standard being received.
  • Digital front-end circuit 118 provides an IF output signal (including either ATV or DTV content) to demodulator circuitry, including DTV demodulator 106 and ATV demodulator 110 , for recovery of baseband DTV signals or ATV signals, respectively.
  • the IF output signal is a digital IF signal, that is a discrete-time numerical representation of DTV or ATV content represented by multiple bits, the spectrum of which is located in some pass band, where the center of that pass band is defined as an IF carrier frequency.
  • ATV demodulator 110 demodulates the IF signal including ATV content to separate baseband video CVBS and either SSIF or baseband sound signals.
  • DTV demodulator 106 demodulates the IF signal including DTV content to produce a Moving Picture Experts Group (MPEG) transport stream.
  • MPEG Moving Picture Experts Group
  • integrated circuit 100 integrates multiple television receiver functions including tuner functions, ATV demodulator functions, DTV demodulator functions, and common control functions in a mixed-signal integrated circuit implemented in complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) technology. Integration of the various functions into a single IC reduces in the number of circuit components and reduces the printed circuit board area relative to a system that combines multiple separate circuit components. Further, integrated circuit 100 provides a receiver that is configurable to conform to a plurality of international transmission standards by providing configurable solid-state signal processing elements. Thus, integrated circuit 100 enables reduced inventory control complexity for manufacturers, because the same integrated circuit structure can be configured for use in conjunction with a variety of receiving standards. Further, the CMOS implementation of integrated circuit 100 provides a low-profile circuit board (i.e., a circuit board with a relatively small thickness) with reduced circuit real estate, which circuit board can readily be incorporated in thin-screen television sets.
  • CMOS complementary metal oxide semiconductor
  • tuner 104 is sensitive to interference arising from operation of the DTV and ATV demodulator functions performed by DTV demodulator 106 and ATV demodulator 110 , respectively.
  • Periodic impulsive emissions from the digital circuitry (i.e. switching noise) of a mixed-signal integrated circuit (IC) may interfere with RF performance.
  • switching noise can generate electromagnetic interference, which can introduce RF interference in the receiver circuitry, adding noise to the RF signal, particularly at the switching frequency and its harmonics.
  • RF interference arises from digital I/O activity, for example on the DTV I/O interface 108 (e.g., a digital MPEG transport stream output).
  • tuner 104 DTV demodulator 106
  • ATV demodulator 110 presents difficulties with respect to consolidation of performance specifications across multiple transmission standards within a common superset of specifications. Further, such integration presents a need for a controller capable of managing the configurations of tuner 104 , DTV demodulator 106 , and ATV demodulator 110 to operate in each target operating scenario (i.e., for each transmission standard and for each type of RF signal).
  • MCU 114 operates as a shared controller configurable to manage the components for a selected transmission standard.
  • Another issue with respect to integration of the tuner 104 , DTV demodulator 106 , and ATV demodulator 110 on an integrated circuit involves heat dissipation.
  • integration of RF front-end 116 , digital front-end 118 , MCU 114 , DTV demodulator 106 , and ATV demodulator 110 in the relatively small package area provides a relatively high density of power dissipation in the small package area.
  • sharing of circuit components for both ATV and DTV functions within tuner 104 reduces the overall heat dissipation of integrated circuit 100 relative to conventional hybrid receiver circuits.
  • Integrated circuit 100 allows sophisticated communication between various operations of tuner 104 and DTV demodulator 106 and between such operations and ATV demodulator 110 , for example real-time dynamic optimization of parameters of the tuner 104 from information determined within one of the DTV demodulator 106 and the ATV demodulator 110 , depending on the type of signal being received.
  • conventional receiver circuitry uses multiple ICs that require communication of such information through a port, typically through a serial port, the bandwidth of which limits both the volume of information communicated and the precise timing of its delivery. Serial port activity contributes spurious RF interference that can further interfere with the operation of tuner 104 .
  • integrated circuit 100 can utilize relatively robust communications between DTV and ATV demodulators 106 and 110 and tuner 104 in real-time or near real-time, providing enhanced performance of the tuner 104 and demodulators (DTV demodulator 106 and ATV demodulator 110 ).
  • continuous feedback information such as adjustable gain control feedback signals from the demodulators to tuner 104 , does not require separate serial ports between tuner 104 and DTV demodulator 106 and between tuner 104 and ATV demodulator 110 .
  • integrated circuit 100 provides reduced implementation costs in terms of enabling paths (e.g., the number of pins) for ingress of RF interference along the PCB trace conducting the control signals. Further, inclusion of MCU 114 reduces serial control port activity and reduces the attendant RF interference.
  • MCU 114 receives simple, infrequent instructions from a host system, for example, via a serial port, and MCU 114 can translate such instructions into more complex procedures executing internally for reconfiguration of the various components, including operating parameters and various real-time signal-processing functions, such as channel scanning algorithms, signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) calculations and reporting, error recovery, AGC timing, etc.
  • SNR signal-to-noise ratio
  • MCU 114 configures tuner 104 and ATV demodulator 110 for analog TV reception.
  • Analog RF television reception is more sensitive to RF interference than, for example, digital RF television reception.
  • MCU 114 disables DTV demodulator 106 and the output transport stream while receiving an analog channel to reduce or eliminate its noise contribution due to digital switching noise.
  • MCU 114 controls DTV demodulator 106 and DTV I/O interface 108 to enter an “idle” mode or state that uses relatively less power or that is disabled altogether while receiving ATV signals.
  • MCU 114 may also manipulate clock signals within DTV demodulator 106 to reduce or eliminate clock-related RF spurs that might introduce RF interference at a frequency of interest.
  • MCU 114 controls operation of ATV demodulator 110 and ATV I/O interface 112 to provide differential output signals for reducing in-band noise.
  • MCU 114 configures tuner 104 and DTV demodulator 106 for digital TV reception.
  • digital switching of the output pins of DTV I/O interface 108 can generate spurious interference in the receiver.
  • MCU 114 controls clock rates and switching timing of DTV demodulator 106 and controls the timing of the output of a digital transport stream from DTV I/O interface 108 to reduce or eliminate spurious RF interference at a frequency of interest.
  • MCU 114 provides for an integrated management of DTV demodulator 106 and ATV demodulator 110 to reduce or eliminate RF Interference.
  • MCU 114 controls timing and waveform shape of digital switching events such that a spectrum of resulting digital switching noise reduces resulting spurious interference in a frequency band of interest.
  • MCU 114 adjusts clock rates to control locations of clock-related spurs to avoid introducing spurious RF interference either directly in the signal band or at frequencies which may, through inter-modulation mechanisms, be indirectly translated into the signal pass band.
  • FIG. 2 illustrates, in partial block diagram and partial schematic form, an embodiment of tuner 104 and MCU 114 in a television receiver 200 .
  • TV receiver 200 includes tuner 104 , MCU 114 , and an integrated passive device (IPD) 225 .
  • IPD 225 can be integrated within integrated circuit 100 of FIG. 1 .
  • IPD 225 can be a separate or separately integrated circuit and integrated circuit 100 can include a pair of terminals for connecting to IPD 225 .
  • IPD 225 includes a set of inductors of which a representative inductor 227 is illustrated.
  • Tuner 104 includes generally RF front-end circuit 116 , including a low noise amplifier (LNA) 210 , a tracking bandpass filter 220 , a preconditioning circuit 230 , a mixing circuit 240 , a first intermediate frequency (IF) processing circuit 250 , and a second IF processing circuit 260 .
  • Tuner 104 further includes digital front-end circuit 118 .
  • Tuner 104 also includes three power detectors 291 , 292 , and 293 .
  • LNA 210 has a first input for receiving an RF input signal labeled “RF IN ”, a second input for receiving an LNA automatic gain control signal labeled “LNA AGC”, and an output.
  • Tracking bandpass filter 220 has a first input connected to the output of LNA 210 , a second input for receiving a center frequency tuning signal labeled “F BP TUNE”, two terminals connected to inductor 227 , and an output.
  • Preconditioning circuit 230 includes an attenuator 232 and a filter 234 .
  • Attenuator 232 has a first input connected to the output of tracking bandpass filter 220 , a second input for receiving an attenuator automatic gain control signal labeled “ATTEN AGC”, and an output.
  • Filter 234 has a first input connected to the output of attenuator 232 , a second input for receiving a cutoff frequency tuning signal labeled “F LP TUNE”, and an output.
  • Mixing circuit 240 includes a local oscillator 242 and a mixer 244 .
  • Local oscillator 242 has an input for receiving a local oscillator tuning signal labeled “F LO TUNE”, and an output for providing two mixing signals, including an in-phase mixing signal and a quadrature mixing signal.
  • Mixer 244 has a first input connected to the output of filter 234 , a second input connected to the output of local oscillator 242 , a first output for providing an in-phase IF signal, and a second output for providing a quadrature IF signal.
  • IF circuit 250 includes a variable gain amplifier (VGA) 252 , a low-pass filter 254 , a VGA 256 , and an analog-to-digital converter (ADC) 258 .
  • VGA 252 has a first input connected to the first output of mixer 244 , a second input for receiving a VGA automatic gain control signal labeled “VGA-1 AGC”, and an output.
  • Low-pass filter 254 has an input connected to the output of VGA 252 , a second input for receiving a low-pass filter tuning signal labeled “Flp-Tune”, and an output.
  • VGA 256 has a first input connected to the output of low-pass filter 254 , a second input for receiving a VGA automatic gain control signal labeled “VGA-2 AGC”, and an output.
  • ADC 258 has an input connected to the output of VGA 256 , and an output.
  • IF circuit 260 includes a VGA 262 , a low-pass filter 264 , a VGA 266 , and an ADC 268 .
  • VGA 262 has a first input connected to the second output of mixer 244 , a second input for receiving signal VGA-1 AGC, and an output.
  • Low-pass filter 264 has an input connected to the output of VGA 262 , a second input for receiving a low-pass filter tuning signal labeled “Flp-Tune”, and an output.
  • VGA 266 has a first input connected to the output of low-pass filter 264 , a second input for receiving a signal VGA-2 AGC, and an output.
  • ADC 268 has an input connected to the output of VGA 266 , and an output.
  • additional gain or attenuation elements are present in IF circuits 250 and 260 . Such additional elements may also include gain control signals.
  • Digital front-end circuit 118 has a first input and a second input connected to the outputs of ADCs 258 and 268 , respectively. Digital front-end circuit 118 further includes a third input for receiving a gain control signal labeled “DEMOD AGC”, a first output for providing the IF signal to DTV demodulator 106 , and a second output for providing the IF signal to ATV demodulator 110 .
  • DEMOD AGC gain control signal labeled “DEMOD AGC”
  • MCU 114 has a first input for receiving filter power signals labeled “FLTR PWR” and a second input for receiving VGA power signals labeled “VGA PWR”. MCU 114 further includes a first output providing the frequency tuning signals F BP TUNE, F LP TUNE, and F LO TUNE, and a second output for providing the AGC signals LNA AGC, ATTEN AGC, VGA-1 AGC ( ⁇ 2), VGA-2 AGC ( ⁇ 2), and DEMOD AGC.
  • Power detector 291 has an input connected to the output of filter 234 , and an output connected to the first input of MCU 114 for providing a power level signal for tracking bandpass filter 220 , labeled “FLTR PWR”.
  • Power detector 292 has first and second inputs connected to the outputs of VGA 252 and VGA 262 , respectively, and an output connected to the second input of MCU 114 for providing two signals, including a power level signal for VGA 252 and a power level signal for VGA 262 , and labeled collectively as “VGA-1 PWR”.
  • Power detector 293 has first and second inputs connected to the outputs of VGA 256 and VGA 266 , respectively, and an output connected to the second input of MCU 114 for providing two signals, including a power level signal for VGA 256 and a power level signal for VGA 166 , and labeled collectively as “VGA-2 PWR”.
  • MCU 114 controls RF front-end circuit 116 of tuner 104 by providing control signals LNA AGC, F BP TUNE, ATTEN AGC, F LP TUNE, F LO TUNE, VGA ADC, VGA-2 AGC, and DEMOD AGC by communicating the control signals directly, without having to communicate via serial connections.
  • receiver 200 functions as a television receiver adapted to receive and demodulate television channels.
  • Signal RF IN is a broadband signal that includes energy from several television signals modulated onto carrier waves at different frequencies. The different carrier waves constitute the television channels from which television content can be received.
  • Signal RF IN can be received from an antenna, from a cable television connection, from a satellite connection, or from another broadband signal source.
  • MCU 114 is adapted to control the various elements in receiver 200 according to the channel selected by the user.
  • Receiver 200 uses a dual-filter architecture for the pre-mixing tuner.
  • Signal RF IN is received and amplified as necessary in LNA 210 under the control of MCU 114 via signal LNA AGC.
  • Tracking bandpass filter 220 is a second-order LC filter that assists in providing image rejection by filtering neighboring channels, a significant part of whose energy could be reflected back into the passband.
  • Tracking bandpass filter 220 is implemented with inductor 227 and an array of switched capacitors, the selection of which functions to tune the center frequency of the passband of tracking bandpass filter 220 under the control of MCU 114 via signal F BP TUNE.
  • Attenuator 232 provides attenuation of the partially filtered RF IN signal from tracking bandpass filter 220 under the control of MCU 114 via signal ATTEN AGC.
  • Filter 234 provides additional attenuation of the third and higher harmonic of the mixing signal under the control of MCU 114 via signal F LP TUNE to prevent unwanted energy from a neighboring channel from being mixed into the passband.
  • Local oscillator 242 uses a digital mixing signal that is a square wave, which has significant energy at its third harmonic and higher.
  • f 1 f CW +f LO (1)
  • f 2 f CW ⁇ f LO (2)
  • f CW is the frequency of the carrier of a selected channel
  • f LO is the local oscillator frequency.
  • the desired IF is selectable in the range of 3 to 5 megahertz (MHz), and thus television receiver 200 implements a low-IF architecture.
  • the desired IF is selectable to 0 MHz, allowing television receiver 100 to operate as a direct down-conversion receiver.
  • local oscillator 242 is set to a frequency that, when mixed with the selected channel, translates the selected channel to a low IF frequency of 0 MHz or 3-5 MHz, under the control of MCU 114 via signal F LO .
  • Local oscillator 242 is configured to provide two outputs to mixer 244 : an in-phase local oscillator output, and a quadrature local oscillator output.
  • Mixer 244 provides an in-phase IF signal to IF circuit 250 , and a quadrature IF signal to IF circuit 260 , for further processing.
  • receiver 200 may use a high-IF architecture or it may use a direct down-conversion architecture.
  • Each of IF circuits 250 and 260 perform further signal conditioning on the in-phase and quadrature IF signals from mixer 244 .
  • the in-phase IF signal is further conditioned in IF circuit 250 , where the in-phase IF signal is amplified by VGA 252 under the control of MCU 114 via signal VGA-1 AGC.
  • Low-pass filter 254 provides attenuation of the desired channel; for example, when operating at an IF of 4 MHz for a signal bandwidth of 6 MHz, low-pass filter 254 provides attenuation above a cutoff frequency of 7 MHz to filter unwanted energy above the channel bandwidth.
  • VGA 256 receives the filtered in-phase IF signal and amplifies or attenuates it to a level that prevents signal clipping in ADC 258 .
  • VGA 256 operates under the control of MCU 114 via signal VGA-2 AGC.
  • ADC 258 converts the filtered and level set in-phase IF signal to the digital domain.
  • IF circuit 260 functions similarly to IF circuit 250 , except that processing in IF circuit 260 is done on the quadrature IF signal from mixer 244 .
  • Digital front-end circuit 118 receives the in-phase and quadrature digital domain IF signals from ADCs 258 and 268 , respectively, and optionally performs various digital signal processing functions, including filtering the in-phase and quadrature signals, and image rejection. Digital front-end 118 includes a first output for providing the in-phase and quadrature IF signals to DTV demodulator 106 and a second output for providing the in-phase and quadrature IF signals to ATV demodulator 110 .
  • MCU 114 with programmable ROM 120 can configure the operating parameters of the components of tuner 104 according to need, as different standards require different trade-offs, including real-time algorithm execution.
  • FIG. 3 is a block diagram 300 of an embodiment of a digital front-end circuit 118 of the tuner 104 of FIG. 1 .
  • Digital front-end circuit 118 includes a sample rate converter 302 having an input connected to an output of RF front-end circuit 116 and an output connected to an input of a gain compensation circuit 304 .
  • Sample rate converter 302 further includes an input coupled to ATV simulator circuit 124 .
  • Gain compensation circuit 304 includes an output connected to an input of a frequency translation circuit 306 , which has an output connected to an input of a channelization filtering circuit 308 .
  • Channelization filtering circuit 308 includes an output connected to an input of an image rejection circuit, which has an output connected to an input of an automatic gain control (AGC) circuit 312 .
  • AGC 312 includes an output connected to an input of a phase compensation circuit 314 , which includes a first output connected to DTV demodulator circuit 106 and a second output connected to ATV demodulator circuit.
  • sample rate converter 302 receives a signal from RF front-end circuit 116 and converts the signal from a first sampling rate to a second sampling rate and provides the converted signal to a gain compensation circuit 304 .
  • Gain compensation circuit 304 applies a gain to the converted signal to compensate for distortion introduced by processes performed on the signal by RF front-end circuit 116 and by sample rate converter 302 .
  • Gain compensation circuit 304 provides the compensated signal to a frequency translation circuit 306 , which may be a mixer or some other circuit configured to translate a signal spectrum associated with the compensated signal from a first center frequency to a second center frequency.
  • Frequency translation circuit 306 provides the frequency translated signal to channelization filtering circuit 308 , which provides a passband filter function that filters output frequencies other than those in the passband, and provides the filtered signal to an image rejection circuit 310 .
  • Image rejection circuit 310 filters image noise from the signal that has leaked into the passband and provides the filtered signal to AGC 312 .
  • AGC 312 applies a gain to the filtered signal and supplies the signal to a phase compensation circuit 314 .
  • Phase compensation circuit 314 compensates for phase errors introduced by prior circuitry, and provides the corrected signal to DTV demodulator circuit 106 and to ATV demodulator circuit 110 .
  • tuner 104 and its components represent logical functional organizations of elements, but that various circuit components may be distributed throughout the integrated circuit.
  • RF front-end circuit 116 and digital front-end circuit 118 represent logical functional organizations of elements, but that various circuit components may be distributed throughout the integrated circuit.
  • a portion of the channelization filtering circuit 308 may be included within ATV demodulator circuit 110 .
  • ATV demodulator 110 may include an output coupled to an input of DTV demodulator circuit 106 .
  • FIG. 4 is a block diagram of an embodiment of the DTV demodulator 106 of FIG. 1 .
  • DTV demodulator 106 includes an input interface 402 for receiving IF signals (in-phase and quadrature) from digital front-end circuit 118 .
  • Input interface 402 includes a first output connected to a quadrature phase shift keying (QPSK)/8-PSK demodulator 406 and a second output connected to a digital video broadcasting (DVB)-TV demodulator 408 , which both operate under the control of a digital signal processing and synchronization circuit 404 .
  • QPSK quadrature phase shift keying
  • DVD digital video broadcasting
  • QPSK/8PSK demodulator 406 determines the phase of the received signal and maps it back to the symbol it represents to recover the original DTV content according to the QPSK and/or 8PSK decoding schemes.
  • QPSK/8PSK demodulator 406 can be configured by MCU 114 to implement any number of PSK decoding techniques.
  • DVB-TV demodulator 408 demodulates the received signal according to any number of digital transmission standards, including DVB-Terrestrial (DVB-T), DVB-Cable (DVB-C), DVB-Satellite (DVB-S), DVB-S second generation satellite (DVB-S2) digital transmission standards. In some instances, DVB-TV demodulator 408 may be reconfigured by MCU 114 to demodulate other digital transmission standards.
  • QPSK/8PSK demodulator 406 and DVB-TV demodulator 408 provide demodulated outputs to equalizers 410 and 412 , which attempt to recover the digital signal and provide the digital signals to decoders 414 .
  • Decoders 414 provide decoded outputs to an MPEG transport stream (TS) interface 416 , which provides a digital transport stream to a system that supports MPEG transport streams, such as MPEG system 422 .
  • MPEG TS interface 416 is a particular example of DTV I/O interface 108 of FIG. 1 .
  • DTV demodulator 106 integrates DVB-T and DVB-C digital demodulators into a single module for integration with tuner 104 , MCU 114 , and ATV demodulator on integrated circuit 100 for supporting terrestrial and cable standards.
  • DTV demodulator 106 may alternatively integrate DVB-S and/or DVB-S2 digital demodulators.
  • QPSK/8PSK demodulator 406 , DVB-TV demodulator 408 , and equalizers 410 and 412 cooperate to provide a image rejection filter, long and short echo management, impulsive noise reduction, and fast scan functionality.
  • the DVB-TV demodulator 408 further allows for demodulation of widely deployed DVB-S, DIRECTVTM (DSS) legacy standards, and next generation DVB-S2 satellite broadcast.
  • Decoders 414 include a low-density parity check (LDPC) decoder, a Bose, Ray-Chaudhuri, and Hocquenghem (BCH) decoder, a Viterbi decoder, a Reed-Solomon (RS) decoder, and optionally other decoders.
  • MCU 114 can reconfigure one or more functions of decoders 414 to provide desired decoding functions.
  • MPEG TS interface 416 is a programmable digital interface configurable by MCU 114 to provide a flexible range of output modes. MPEG TS interface 416 is fully compatible with all MPEG decoders or conditional access modules to support any compatible customer application.
  • MCU 114 controls timing of operations by DSP and synchronization circuit 404 , QPSK/8PSK demodulator 406 , DVB-TV demodulators 408 , equalizers 410 and 412 , decoders 414 , and MPEG TS interface 416 to time digital switching events such that the spectrum of the resulting digital switching noise minimizes resulting spurious interference in the band of interest. Additionally, MCU 114 can manipulate system clock rates to adjust locations of clock-related spurs and their harmonics so as to avoid placing such spurs either directly in the signal band or at frequencies that may, through inter-modulation mechanisms, be indirectly translated into the signal passband.
  • MCU 114 controls MPEG TS interface 416 to shape current pulses of the output transport stream.
  • MCU 114 controls pulse shaping within the transport stream by re-clocking or re-sampling the transport stream at a clock frequency that results in the introduction of a spectral null at some RF target frequency of interest.
  • MCU 114 controls MPEG TS interface 416 to provide output timing staggered across a multi-bit parallel bus such that each bit transition takes place at a different time relative to a reference time, thereby reducing peak impulsive current consumption and reducing associated broadband RF interference.
  • MCU 114 can control MPEG TS interface 416 to provide a serial transport stream as opposed to the aforementioned parallel transport stream.
  • MCU 114 can control MPEG TS interface 416 to communicate the digital transport stream using differential signaling, in which for every output transition on a digital interface pin, there is a reverse transition on a close-by unused pin, providing some amount of cancellation of electrical and magnetic field components thereby reducing RF interference.
  • FIG. 5 is a block diagram of an embodiment of the ATV demodulator 110 of FIG. 1 .
  • ATV demodulator 110 includes an input interface 502 connected to digital front-end circuit 118 for receiving in-phase and quadrature IF signals.
  • Input interface 502 includes an output connected to an input of a phase-locked loop (PLL) circuit 504 , which has a first output connected to an input of a filter 506 and a second output connected to an input of an inter-carrier SIF, a second (2 nd ) SIF or SSIF processor 512 .
  • PLL phase-locked loop
  • Filter 506 includes an output connected to an input of an automatic gain control (AGC) and offset adjustment circuit 508 , which has an output connected to an input of an ATV input/output (I/O) interface 112 .
  • SSIF processor 512 includes an output connected to ATV I/O interface 112 .
  • ATV I/O interface 112 includes an output connected to an ATV system 514 .
  • PLL circuit 504 receives the signal from digital front-end circuit 118 through input interface 502 , compares the phase of the input signal with the phase of the signal derived from its output oscillator, and adjusts the frequency of its oscillator to keep the phases matched. PLL circuit 504 recovers the signal carrier from the input signal and provides a baseband video output signal to filter 506 and a phase-locked SIF output signal to SSIF processor 512 . Filter 506 selects and shapes the spectrum of the video signal and AGC and offset adjustment 508 applies a gain and optionally an offset adjustment to the video signal to produce an adjusted video signal, which is provided to ATV I/O interface 112 . SSIF processor 512 channelizes and optionally demodulates the SIF output signal to produce an output audio signal that is provided to ATV I/O interface 112 . ATV I/O interface 112 provides output video and audio signals to ATV system 514 .
  • MCU 114 can control PLL 504 , filter 506 , AGC and offset adjustment circuit 508 , ATV I/O 510 , and SSIF processor 512 to provide a complete terrestrial and cable hybrid receiver that can decode ATV signals (e.g., National Television Systems Committee (NTSC) signals, Phase Alternating Line (PAL) signals, and Sequential Color with Memory (SECAM) signals) and DTV signals (e.g., Advanced Television Systems Committee (ATSC) signals, quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM) signals, DVB-T signals, DVB-C signals, and Integrated Services Digital Broadcasting (ISDB) terrestrial and/or cable signals, Digital Terrestrial Multimedia Broadcasting (DTMB), or other DTV signals).
  • ATV signals e.g., National Television Systems Committee (NTSC) signals, Phase Alternating Line (PAL) signals, and Sequential Color with Memory (SECAM) signals
  • DTV signals e.g., Advanced Television Systems Committee (ATSC) signals, quadrature amplitude modulation (
  • the filter 506 is a configurable digital filter implementation, allowing solid-state configurability optimized for each of the various supported TV standards, replacing the prior art plurality of discrete SAW filters, thereby reducing the bill of materials.
  • LNA and tracking filters are provided by tuner 104 .
  • ATV I/O 510 is programmable by MCU 114 to provide flexible output options, including CVBS, low-IF (LIF) or zero-IF (ZIF) to DTV demodulator 106 , second sound IF (SSIF) or audio frequency (AF) outputs, and so on.
  • tuner 104 DTV demodulator 106 , DTV I/O interface 108 , ATV demodulator 110 , ATV (analog/digital) I/O interface 112 , and MCU 114 allows for enhanced RF reception, allowing for robust inter-circuit communications on-chip without having to communicate through, for example, serial pins. Further, MCU 114 can selectively adjust the timing of various operations to reduce spurious RF interference from digital components, enhancing analog performance. Additionally, MCU 114 can control various components to configure them for desired RF signal reception.
  • an integrated circuit in conjunction with the integrated circuit 100 described above with respect to FIG. 1 and specific components described above with respect to FIGS. 2-5 , an integrated circuit is disclosed that includes a tuner, a DTV demodulator, an ATV demodulator, and an MCU configured to provide digital and analog television receiver functionality.
  • MCU controls operation of the tuner, DTV demodulator, and ATV demodulator and selectively controls clock signals and operational timing of various operations to suppress spurious RF interference.
  • control inputs to the integrated circuit are eliminated, reducing the pin count while allowing for more robust communication and control of various components by MCU. Additionally, by removing the inter-chip communications, some sources of RF interference are eliminated, thereby enhancing analog signal reception.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Multimedia (AREA)
  • Signal Processing (AREA)
  • Computer Hardware Design (AREA)
  • Microelectronics & Electronic Packaging (AREA)
  • Circuits Of Receivers In General (AREA)
  • Noise Elimination (AREA)
  • Two-Way Televisions, Distribution Of Moving Picture Or The Like (AREA)
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CN102685416B (zh) 2016-12-14

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