US901232A - Process of producing gas. - Google Patents

Process of producing gas. Download PDF

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US901232A
US901232A US43130108A US1908431301A US901232A US 901232 A US901232 A US 901232A US 43130108 A US43130108 A US 43130108A US 1908431301 A US1908431301 A US 1908431301A US 901232 A US901232 A US 901232A
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flame
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gases
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J3/00—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10J3/46—Gasification of granular or pulverulent flues in suspension
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S48/00—Gas: heating and illuminating
    • Y10S48/04—Powdered fuel injection

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  • This invention relates to gas manufacture; an'd comprises a method of making ⁇ gas by burning finely divided carbonaceous fuel in a state of suspension to produce an intensely hot flame in a closed chamber and subsequently distributing finely divided fuel through theflame and flame gases to reduce carbon dioxrd to carbon-monoxxd and form combustible gas; all as more fully hereinafter set ⁇ forth and as claimed.
  • the amount i of the air introduced with the primary fuel supply and in proximity to such supply should be as nearly as possible that requisite theoretically to produce complet-e combustion of such fuel without excess.
  • the air should be heated and the flame should be produced in a hot-walled chamber to compensate for the slackening of combustion due to the ab'- sence of an excess of air, it being the object to produce as quick and hot combustion as possible. For this reason it is not ordinarily desirable to dilute the air used with' the primary coalor fuel supply with endothermic agents such as products )f combustion or steam. With a flame burning with heated 'air in an intensely heated flame chamber having walls of refractory material, no excess of air is ordinarily necessary.
  • the amounts of such pr1mary and secondary fuel should be substantially equal since one atom of carbon burning to carbon dioxid requires one atom to reduce the dioxid to monoxid, but where a. low-carbon fuel, such as soft coal or oil, is used in the .secondary supply and t-he object is to produce a rich gas, the amount of such secondary supply should be somewhatvaried, the secondary supply being adjusted until a rich gas practically free from tar is delivered at the outlet. It is not usually desirable to introduce the secondary fuel in aerial suspension, though this maybe done if but a limited quantity of air be used.
  • High-pressure steam or compressed endothermic gases containingCO2 such as products of combustion or lime kiln gases, may be employed.
  • endothermic carriers allow a slight increase in the amount of the secondary fuel supply and the formation of a richer gas, the excess of heat in the flame gases coming from the flame of the primary supply of fuel being utilized in the well understood way to furnish some hydrogen or further carbon monoxid as the case may be.
  • the amount of the endothermic body introduced proportionately to the amount of the secondary fuel should be capable of adjustment.
  • the object is to produce complete combustion, or substantially complete combustion, of the primary fuel to form carbon dioXid or carbon dioxid and water vapor 'and produce great heat, and the subsequent reduction'. pf the flame gases by the secondary fuel supply to form inflammable gases.
  • Figure 1 shows a vertical section of one form of gas producer according to the present invention
  • Fig. 2 is a horizontal section of the same, showing a tangential arrangement of thecoal dust feed
  • Fig. 3 is'avertical section of an alternative form of producer showing the fine fuel feed arranged to produce a baffled flame
  • Fig. 4 is adetailshowing a form of ashbed
  • Fig. 5 is adetailshowing a form of ashbed
  • . is a plan view of the same; and Fig. 6 is another alternative form ofprodncer.
  • l is the producer chamber. It has a comparatively wide base chamber narrowing ber Vbelow the coal nozzles. They are also set. tangentially but have a slight upward inclination.
  • a valved auxiliary air pipe 10 is set to introduce a little air horizontally to burn any coal dropping on the ash accumulation 11. ⁇
  • the producer is shown set in water -seal 12.
  • the inlets 13 for the secondary fuel supply here shown as adapted to be fed with coal from hoppers 1l by means of a wire drawn steam jet from steam pipe 15).
  • gas fille 16 provided with a dust settling and collecting chamber 17 having al depending baille 1S, dust door 19 and air heating coils 20. Hot air from these heaters i's taken by pipe 21 and fan 22 to the bustle pipes.
  • Fig. 3 is substantially the same as Fig. 1, save that the nozzles for the primary and secondary fuel supplies are set to produce baffling jets, the primary fuel nozzles 3 being given somewhat of an upward tilt to produce meeting and bafling flames. Auxiliary air supply pipes or twyers 9 are setmore nearly horizontal.
  • the producer is provided with a perforated base,the perforations 23 constituting ash pits andbeing set in circular arrangement so that the spiral current of air from twyers 9 may sweep accumulating ash from central portion 24.
  • Fig. 6 shows an alternative method of introducing the air necessary to burn the primary fuel supply, an auxiliary set of twyers 25 being arranged above the primary fuel nozzles.
  • the secondary fuel is shown introduced by hopper 26, provided with bell closure 27.
  • the coal enters tangentially and forms a whirling, vortically developed flame.
  • the residueL necessary for fuel combustion is sent in at the twyers 9.
  • These twyers are so set that the auxiliary air forms a vortex immediately below the powdered coal, supporting and burning it.
  • the whirling flame extends upward some distance in the form of a reversed funnel but before the intensely hot flame gases arrive at constriction 2 combustion is completed.
  • the primary fuel enters to form baffling flame jets, meeting centrally and producing a turmoil of flame.
  • the secondary fuel may be oil or tar introduced through pipes 2S by steam jets :29.k
  • the air from the twyers 9 forms a vortex below the baffled flames, aiding substantially in producing the desired turmoil of flame.
  • the tangentia-lly produc-ed flames form a vortex as before, being burned and supported by the air from twyers 9, but additional twyers 25 above the flame body are provided to control the upward sweep of the flame and insure complete combustion prior t reaching the constriction 2.
  • the sides of the producer chamber -in this figure are curved to form a chamber of elliptical cross section, narrowing rapidly above, a' chamber of this section being particularly well adapted to form the vortex flame desired.
  • the chamber above the constriction is again expanded so that the violent. rush of gases through such constriction slackens down somewhat. In the constriction, the flame gases are very thoroughly mixed and stratification destroyed.
  • powdered coal is introduced through the bell and hopper, sifting down Vthrough the hot flame gases and reducing the same until it reaches the strong upward current through the constriction and tends to float until entirely consumed.
  • the amount of air introduced with and in proximity to the primary fuel supply should be in total amount just about that sufficient theoretically to burn such fuel, producing complete combustion. While the theoretical amount of air in furnaces of the usual construction is not ordinarily deemed sufficient to produce a rapid and intense combustion, with the flame of the character described burning with hot air in a hot walled chamber of refractory material under the influence of radiant heat combustion is sufficiently rapid.
  • the secondary fuel supply should be nearly 'exactly the same lin amount as that primarily supplied plus an amount' suflicientto reduce any steam or other endothermic body which may be introduced with such secondary fuel.
  • fuels -richer ink hydrogen used in the secondary supply they amount in each case must be determined by experiment, the supply being gradually iny creased until the CO2' 1n vthe effluent gas reaches a minimum figure and tar begins to increase. ⁇ As a rough rule however, 1t may be said thatenough fuel should be used in thesecondary supply to give an amount of fixed carbon about equivalent to the fuel value of the coal used in the primary supply.
  • the gas produced is washed and scrubbed in the usual manner if it is to be stored.
  • by-products such as ammonia, benzol, etc.
  • the ordinary condensing devices may be used. In such f cases, the amount of fuel primarily introduced may be much reduced,"only sufficient being employed to institute and maintain a powerful fiame, while the secondary supply is correspondingly increased.
  • the action near the lsecondary supply when using rich soft coals is comprises forming a flame of fine suspended fuel-in lthe presence o substantially enough air to cause complete combus largely destructive distillation, the hydrocarbons distilling off and leaving finely divided coky carbon which reduces the upfiowing gases as it sifts therethrough and finally burns completely in the flame formed of the primary fuel.
  • the processof producing gas which comprises forming a flame of finely divided suspended fuel inthe vpresence of substantially enough. air tb cause complete combustion, and subsequently distributing a furthersupply of finely divided fuel in the hot ame ases.
  • the process vof producing gas which comprises forming a jet ame of finely divided fuel in an inclosed chamber, introduc' ing sufficient air in proximlt to said flamev to cause combustion, and su sequentl distributing finely divided fuelthrough ev hot flame ases'.
  • T e processof producing gas which comprises forminga et ame of finely divided fuel in an inclo'sed chamber, said fuel being in aerial suspension, introducing suffi- -cient air tocomplete the combustion. lmme-l diately below said jet fiame arid-subsequently hot gases coming ⁇ from such flame.
  • the process of producin gas which comprises forming a vortically evelo d inhot flame within a closed cham er by troduced iet flames of suspended finely di-'j vided fue burning in the presence of substantially enough air to cause complete combustion, distributing a. further supply of finely divided fuel through the ⁇ flame gases land collecting the resultant combustible gas for use.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)

Description

B. E. ELDRED. PROCESS 0f PRODUING GAS. APPLIOATION FILED MAY 7, 1908.
Patented Oct. 13, 1908.
3 SHEETS-SHEET 1.
Patented oct. 13,1908.
3 SHEETS-SHEET 2.
B. E. ELDRED.
PROCESS OI' PRODUCING GAS.
APPLICATION FILED MAY 7. 190B.
wel a..
aucun? @wmmm d B. E. ELDRED.
PROCESS 0F PRODUGING GAS.
APPLICATION FILED MAY 7, 1908.
901,232. Patented Oct. 13, 1908.
3 SHEETS-SHEET 3.
I la J6 a@ @QSI-@JM BYRON E. ELDRED, or BRONXVILL, NEW YORK.
PROCESS F PBOD'UCING GAS.
Specification of Letters Patent.
Patented Oct. 13, 1908.
Application filed Hay 7, 1908. Serial No. 431,301.
To all whom t may concern.'
.Be it known'that I, BYRON E. ELDRED,V a c1t1zen of the United States, residing at Bronxville, in the county of Westchester and State of New York, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Processes of Producing Gas; and I do hereby declare the following to be a full, clear, and exact description ofthe same, such as will enable others skilled in the art to which it appertains to make and use the same.
This inventionrelates to gas manufacture; an'd comprises a method of making `gas by burning finely divided carbonaceous fuel in a state of suspension to produce an intensely hot flame in a closed chamber and subsequently distributing finely divided fuel through theflame and flame gases to reduce carbon dioxrd to carbon-monoxxd and form combustible gas; all as more fully hereinafter set` forth and as claimed.
Itis the purpose of the lpresent invention to provide means and devise a manner of producing gas more rapidly than is possible in the ordinary producer, producing relatively large volumes of gas in a unit of time from relatively small gasifying means and incidentally attaining certain other advantages. To this end, in lieu of exposing a resting body of fuel to a blast current driven therethrough,
as in the ordinary types of gas producer the sensible heat of the flame gases. The amount i of the air introduced with the primary fuel supply and in proximity to such supply should be as nearly as possible that requisite theoretically to produce complet-e combustion of such fuel without excess. The air should be heated and the flame should be produced in a hot-walled chamber to compensate for the slackening of combustion due to the ab'- sence of an excess of air, it being the object to produce as quick and hot combustion as possible. For this reason it is not ordinarily desirable to dilute the air used with' the primary coalor fuel supply with endothermic agents such as products )f combustion or steam. With a flame burning with heated 'air in an intensely heated flame chamber having walls of refractory material, no excess of air is ordinarily necessary.
Where high-carbon fuel such as anthracite or charcoal or coke is used both for primary and secondary fuel supply, the amounts of such pr1mary and secondary fuel should be substantially equal since one atom of carbon burning to carbon dioxid requires one atom to reduce the dioxid to monoxid, but where a. low-carbon fuel, such as soft coal or oil, is used in the .secondary supply and t-he object is to produce a rich gas, the amount of such secondary supply should be somewhatvaried, the secondary supply being adjusted until a rich gas practically free from tar is delivered at the outlet. It is not usually desirable to introduce the secondary fuel in aerial suspension, though this maybe done if but a limited quantity of air be used. High-pressure steam or compressed endothermic gases containingCO2, such as products of combustion or lime kiln gases, may be employed. Such endothermic carriers allow a slight increase in the amount of the secondary fuel supply and the formation of a richer gas, the excess of heat in the flame gases coming from the flame of the primary supply of fuel being utilized in the well understood way to furnish some hydrogen or further carbon monoxid as the case may be. Naturally, the amount of the endothermic body introduced proportionately to the amount of the secondary fuel should be capable of adjustment.
-The object is to produce complete combustion, or substantially complete combustion, of the primary fuel to form carbon dioXid or carbon dioxid and water vapor 'and produce great heat, and the subsequent reduction'. pf the flame gases by the secondary fuel supply to form inflammable gases.
In the accompanying illustration I have shown, more or less diagrammatically, certain types of apparatus of the many adapted to perform the described process.
In this showing Figure 1 shows a vertical section of one form of gas producer according to the present invention; Fig. 2 is a horizontal section of the same, showing a tangential arrangement of thecoal dust feed; Fig. 3 is'avertical section of an alternative form of producer showing the fine fuel feed arranged to produce a baffled flame; Fig. 4 is adetailshowing a form of ashbed; Fig. 5
. is a plan view of the same; and Fig. 6 is another alternative form ofprodncer.
Taking first the form shown 1n Figs. 1 and 2. l is the producer chamber. It has a comparatively wide base chamber narrowing ber Vbelow the coal nozzles. They are also set. tangentially but have a slight upward inclination. A valved auxiliary air pipe 10 is set to introduce a little air horizontally to burn any coal dropping on the ash accumulation 11.` At its base, the producer is shown set in water -seal 12. Near the constriction in theproducer chamber are the inlets 13 for the secondary fuel supply (here shown as adapted to be fed with coal from hoppers 1l by means of a wire drawn steam jet from steam pipe 15). Above this again is gas fille 16, provided with a dust settling and collecting chamber 17 having al depending baille 1S, dust door 19 and air heating coils 20. Hot air from these heaters i's taken by pipe 21 and fan 22 to the bustle pipes.
Fig. 3 is substantially the same as Fig. 1, save that the nozzles for the primary and secondary fuel supplies are set to produce baffling jets, the primary fuel nozzles 3 being given somewhat of an upward tilt to produce meeting and bafling flames. Auxiliary air supply pipes or twyers 9 are setmore nearly horizontal.
In the detail view of Fig. et, the producer is provided with a perforated base,the perforations 23 constituting ash pits andbeing set in circular arrangement so that the spiral current of air from twyers 9 may sweep accumulating ash from central portion 24.
Fig. 6 shows an alternative method of introducing the air necessary to burn the primary fuel supply, an auxiliary set of twyers 25 being arranged above the primary fuel nozzles. In this-figure, also` the secondary fuel is shown introduced by hopper 26, provided with bell closure 27.
In the arrangement shown in Figs. 1 and 2, the coal enters tangentially and forms a whirling, vortically developed flame. As however, it is inconvenient to introduce the full amount of air needed for combustion with the powdered coal, the residueL necessary for fuel combustion is sent in at the twyers 9. These twyers are so set that the auxiliary air forms a vortex immediately below the powdered coal, supporting and burning it. The whirling flame extends upward some distance in the form of a reversed funnel but before the intensely hot flame gases arrive at constriction 2 combustion is completed. At or near the constriction, where mixture of the gases is complete, finely divided coal or oil is distributed into the hot flame gases, reducimY the carbon dioxid to carbon monoxid an with soft coal or with oil, adding some distilled gas. As shown, the secondary fuel is introduced by the aid of a steam jet. As the heat of the primary fiame gases is much more than sufficient to insure reduction by the secondary fuel, the excess of heat allows the reduction of some steam by the secondary fuel, thus adding a little hydrogen. Lime kiln gases or products of combustion or other gas rich in carbon dioxid may be used in lieu of steam. i
In thc arrangement of Fig. 3, the primary fuel enters to form baffling flame jets, meeting centrally and producing a turmoil of flame. The secondary fuel may be oil or tar introduced through pipes 2S by steam jets :29.k The air from the twyers 9 forms a vortex below the baffled flames, aiding substantially in producing the desired turmoil of flame.
In the arrangement of Fig. 6, the tangentia-lly produc-ed flames form a vortex as before, being burned and supported by the air from twyers 9, but additional twyers 25 above the flame body are provided to control the upward sweep of the flame and insure complete combustion prior t reaching the constriction 2. The sides of the producer chamber -in this figure are curved to form a chamber of elliptical cross section, narrowing rapidly above, a' chamber of this section being particularly well adapted to form the vortex flame desired. The chamber above the constriction is again expanded so that the violent. rush of gases through such constriction slackens down somewhat. In the constriction, the flame gases are very thoroughly mixed and stratification destroyed. In the chamber above the constriction, powdered coal is introduced through the bell and hopper, sifting down Vthrough the hot flame gases and reducing the same until it reaches the strong upward current through the constriction and tends to float until entirely consumed.
With all constructions, the amount of air introduced with and in proximity to the primary fuel supply should be in total amount just about that sufficient theoretically to burn such fuel, producing complete combustion. While the theoretical amount of air in furnaces of the usual construction is not ordinarily deemed sufficient to produce a rapid and intense combustion, with the flame of the character described burning with hot air in a hot walled chamber of refractory material under the influence of radiant heat combustion is sufficiently rapid.
AWith fuel rich in carbon, such as charcoal,
the secondary fuel supply should be nearly 'exactly the same lin amount as that primarily supplied plus an amount' suflicientto reduce any steam or other endothermic body which may be introduced with such secondary fuel. With fuels -richer ink hydrogen used in the secondary supply, they amount in each case must be determined by experiment, the supply being gradually iny creased until the CO2' 1n vthe effluent gas reaches a minimum figure and tar begins to increase. `As a rough rule however, 1t may be said thatenough fuel should be used in thesecondary supply to give an amount of fixed carbon about equivalent to the fuel value of the coal used in the primary supply.
The gas produced is washed and scrubbed in the usual manner if it is to be stored. When it is desired to produce by-products such as ammonia, benzol, etc.,- the ordinary condensing devices may be used. In such f cases, the amount of fuel primarily introduced may be much reduced,"only sufficient being employed to institute and maintain a powerful fiame, while the secondary supply is correspondingly increased. Operating in this manner, the action near the lsecondary supply when using rich soft coals is comprises forming a flame of fine suspended fuel-in lthe presence o substantially enough air to cause complete combus largely destructive distillation, the hydrocarbons distilling off and leaving finely divided coky carbon which reduces the upfiowing gases as it sifts therethrough and finally burns completely in the flame formed of the primary fuel. A
1. The processof producing gas which comprises forming a flame of finely divided suspended fuel inthe vpresence of substantially enough. air tb cause complete combustion, and subsequently distributing a furthersupply of finely divided fuel in the hot ame ases.
g 2. The process of producing as -which divided tion,-and subse uentlv distributing sufficient fine fuel throug thehot flame ases to cause a reduction of the carbon dioxi to monoxid.
3; The process vof producing gas which comprises forming a jet ame of finely divided fuel in an inclosed chamber, introduc' ing sufficient air in proximlt to said flamev to cause combustion, and su sequentl distributing finely divided fuelthrough ev hot flame ases'. A y
. 4. T e processof producing gas which comprises forminga et ame of finely divided fuel in an inclo'sed chamber, said fuel being in aerial suspension, introducing suffi- -cient air tocomplete the combustion. lmme-l diately below said jet fiame arid-subsequently hot gases coming` from such flame.
distributing finely divided fuel through the 4tensely a plurality of coperating tangentially 1n'- combustion and subsequently distributingthrough the hot flame gases sufficient fuel to reduce'the carbon dioxid formed. v
7. The process of producing gas which comprises formin a jet flame of finely divided suspended el in a closed chamber in the presence of sufficient vair for complete combustion and subsequently distributingl through the hot flame gases fuel carried by an endothermic body, sald secondary fuel being. sufiicient in amount to reduce the carbon vdioXid formed and also to reduce said endothermic body.
8. The process of producing gas which comprises formin a Jet flame of finely divided suspended uel ina closed chamber' in the presence of sufficient airA for complete combustionv and subsequentl distributing through the. hot fiame ases -el carried b a steam jet, said secon ary fuel being su cient in amount to reduce the carbon dioxid formed and also to reduce said steam.
9. The processA of producin gas which "comprises forming a vortically. eveloped in- A tensely hot flame within a closed chamber by a tangentially introduced jet flame of sus- 'a pended finely divided'fuel burning in the presence of substantiall enough air to cause complete combustion, dlstributin a further supply of finely divided fuel trough the flame ases and collecting the resultant combustib e gas for use.- l
`10. The process of producin gas lwhich comprises forming a vortically evelo d inhot flame within a closed cham er by troduced iet flames of suspended finely di-'j vided fue burning in the presence of substantially enough air to cause complete combustion, distributing a. further supply of finely divided fuel through the `flame gases land collecting the resultant combustible gas for use.
-In testimony whereof, I aflix mysignature in the presenceof two witnesses.
BYRON E. ELDRED.
Witnesses:
.-E. D. KNowLEs, y A., SENIOR.
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US2453440A (en) * 1943-05-11 1948-11-09 Shawinigan Chem Ltd Carbon black
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US2614513A (en) * 1950-03-28 1952-10-21 Hofft Company Inc Method of and vortex-type furnace for burning waste fuel
US2631930A (en) * 1948-09-30 1953-03-17 Peters Walter Inflammable gas producing apparatus
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US2672108A (en) * 1948-10-01 1954-03-16 Gerald D Arnold Furnace
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US3589315A (en) * 1969-09-11 1971-06-29 Bank Of California Apparatus for igniting and burning air-borne particulate combustible material
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US4566393A (en) * 1984-02-15 1986-01-28 Connell Ralph M Wood-waste burner system
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US4850288A (en) * 1984-06-29 1989-07-25 Power Generating, Inc. Pressurized cyclonic combustion method and burner for particulate solid fuels
US4934284A (en) * 1989-02-27 1990-06-19 Nitz Mark G Coal distribution cone for pulverized coal burners
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US20090038222A1 (en) * 2007-08-07 2009-02-12 Conocophillips Company Upright Gasifier

Cited By (50)

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