US899775A - Floor construction. - Google Patents

Description

J. J. WVHITAGRE. FLOOR CONSTRUCTION. APPLICATION FILED DEO. 23,1907

Patented Sept. 29, 1908.

2 SHEETS-SHEET 1.

J. J. WHITAGRE. FLOOR CONSTRUCTION APPLICATION FILED DEO. 23,

Patented Sept. 29, 1908.

i. g f",nonnen/nimeer, or cAN'roN,oHro.

- essere." f

citiz'enfof thellni-tediStates, residing at Can-l tonfin` the county of StarkifandState of Ohio, l

have'iriventedicermin .newaml useful -Improveinents 'in Floor' Construction, of which the' following; isa specification...

The :inventionA relates to the construction of fireproof fioorsf fout of terra cotta" blocks and-'reinfrced.eoncrete.f. v s y The. generalLL object of the' improvement is to :cbns'truct av ffloor with as series of rows. of terracotta? blocks i located side by side and parallel with. the main floor, girders, and la rseries 'of transverse reinforcedg concrete: beams extendingfrom onegirder tov another and formed between the. adj acent` 4ends Iof,` .the l blocks,the beamsbeing formed: `with proj ections extending,intof'thencnds of the longitudinalcavitiesof'tm blocks.

`aN,furtherobject is to combine this general form -of "construction `with. an underlying layer of blocksloeated parallel with the oncretebeams,.and having channels formed `in panying advantages are attained by the con-v struction and arrangementI illustrated in, the

annexed drawings, inwhichif 40f showing the lgeneral form' yof, the .-.im roved constructionkwith one layer (if-blocks oeated parallel with the ,ii'oorgirdem Fig. 2, a detail section "ofther same v. parallel with ,the floor girders andjacross the coneretebeams. Fig., 3,1m. detail-scctioneof t e same in the middle line ol'jone concrete'bealinlfy Fig.4, a parallel 1)efrspeetiye viewrof one. of the terra cottal looks lemployedin .the same Aformof constructie-ri 5 Eig. 5, )a .fragmentary perspective View. showing another form of construction in;.wltieli twe layers of blocks' are used; Fig.` G ,ran eutl inet section of the same parallel with thetdloor girders and across the concrete J beams; Fig. 7, an outline section of the saine parallel with and intermediate the concrete 'Specification ofLetters Patent.

,v3-These varioustobjects; and other accom-l 'I l Figure 1 rs, a fragmentary perspective ,View

" I FLOOR CONSTRUCTION.

Patented Sept. 29, 1908.

Anneau@ fuer December as, 1907. serial no. 407,733.

beams; Fig. 8, aV detail section of the same across one concrete beam; Fig. 9, a detail mediate the concrete beams; F ig. 10, a parallel perspective view of one ofthe special blocksemployed in the lower layer; Fig. 11, an outline section parallel with the floor girders and a `oss the concrete beams show- Ving an altern te'form of construction with double thickness blocks in the lower layer, Similar numerals refer to similar .parts throughout the drawings. The most sim le form of the improved construction is illustrated in Sheet 1 ofthe drawings, wherein the blocks 1 are shown with portions 2 of each end cut-off tor leave the projecting portions 3 of the lower wall and which proj ectin f portions are butted endwise Vagainst the simi ar projecting portions of adjoining blocks to form the channels 5 between the cut off ends of the respective blocks, in

ada `ted to be formed. 'In the manufacture of tiie blocks the end portions are preferably onl f ,partially cnt when the block is molded and burned, and the ieces remain attached construction, when the partially cut ends are knocked off by. a slight blow of a hammer. The cut off ortion can then be broken into pieces 2ya and) ends of the lower blocks thereby bridging 'the same and giving added protection to the metallic reinforcement. j l

A series of rows of the blocks 1, located side by side and parallel with the floor girders 7, are laid on suitable scaffolding, and each row extends from one girder to another. It is evident vthat with this form of construction the deck` of the scafioldin@ need only be made the. ends of the bloc-ks of theseveral rows, as shown i`n Fig. 1, instead of with a continuous deck of planks as is required in other forms of construction. The metallic reinforcein. the channels 5 formed between the ends of the blocks, and, as shown, these reinforcements are composed of the main members 9, located longitudinally and referably near the lwer part of the beam-c iannel, and the subordinate members 10 connected at intervals on the main members. The subordinate members arefeach composed oi' a number of v section of the same parallel with and interthe lowerI portions 4 of the vertical walls,

whichf channels the concrete. beam 6 1s 80 .until the blocks are s ipped to the place of the same are adapted to be laid across the joint formed by tlrjuncture of the with the separated plan sl 8 located under ments for the concrete beams are then placed 35 preferably finishe as with the layer of plasv wires, preferably four, which 'are vwrapped around the main member from below upward 'and brought together in the middle of the upper side, 'whence they are twisted upward a sliort distance, whence the respective wires 11v are separated and individually inclined upward in various directions as may be desired. 'A'preferred manner of disposing the free ends of the wire is to incline them in slightly diverging directions toward the ends ofthe' beam, and to locate the several subordinate members so that the two diverging ends of one member will overlap the diverging ends of the adjacent member, by means of which the beam isv thoroughly bound t0- gether in various directions throughout its body.

The reinforcements having been placed y position,the concretebeams are formed in the channels between the ends of the blocks,

and in so'doing the concrete is run into the ends of the longitudinal cavities 12 in the blocks 1, thus forming the vlugs 13 whieh'constitute substantial and positive supports for the blocks. The floor surface 14 is made of a layer of concrete in e'onjunetion with the I 4.span the distance between the iioor girders; and constitute a positive support for each inbeams and consequently forms a monolith therewith, and it will be'understood that the floor is suitably sustained either directly on the girder flanges or, as shown, on supplemental terra cotta blocks, as 15 and lrresting on the girder flanges, and that after the concrete beams and iioor surface havebeeii set and hardened the scaffolding is entirely' removed, wliereu en the ceiling surface is ter 17. The outer suifaces of the respective 'blocks are preferably provided with the longitudinal grooves 18 to increase the adhering surface of the `cement which is laid in the joints I9 and 'of the concrete andthe plaster.

It is evident that the concrete beams will dividual block in the-iioor, and the metallic reinforcements, having the longitudinal main member in the lower part and the subordi nate members reaching in various directions upward through the beams'and into the concrete layer of the fioor surface, will. rigidly stiften and sustain the beams. By tliisconstruction the abutting projecting portions of the lower wall of the blocks completely cover and protect the lowerA sides ofthe concrete .beams so that theycan not be chipped ofi' by the action of fire to expose the metallic rein-- forcemen ts therein.

Another form of construction wherein two layers of terra cottabloeks are employed, is shown in Sheet 2 of the' drawings. The blocks 1, located parallel with the floor girders 7, are formed square at the. ends without any projection of the lower wall, and an underlying layer of blocks 20 and 20"* is roca-.ted transverse the floor gii'ders. The

ends of the longitudinal blocks are spaced apart' andform the channels 5 for the forination of the concrete beams, and the middle line of one row of the transverse blocks is located* to register with this channel. The portions 21 of the upper wall of these transchannel extends downward into the middle longitudinal cavities 12b of these blocks. The

shoulders 22 are formed at the sides of the openings inthe upper wall of these transverse blocks, and the longitudinal grooves .18 are foried on the -outei' sidesv of all the `'middle cavities ofthe transverse blocks 20 are-filled with the concrete so that these blocks are securely sustained by the shoulders 22 and by the grooves in the sides of the cavities; and the concrete is also run into thecnd's of the longitudinal blocks, and thel lugs 13a thus formed serve to securely support these blocks.

independent of the other.

lWhen the longitudinal blocks' aie sufheiently long to require one or more rows of l transverse blocks 20 between the beam-sup-l ported rows, suoli blpcks do not have their upper walls out out, and they are supported 'by the adjoining beam-supported blocks by means of the cement in the'joints 19 which enters into the grooves 18 on the sides of the blocks. The floor surfaceisnished as be- "fore by making the layer 14 of concrete as a 'monolith with the transverse beams, which beams and iioor layer o f concrete are bound together by the reinforcin wires 1131 diverging upwards in dierent i iiections, and the ceiling surfaceis preferably finished Vwith the layer of plaster 17, I The ends of the rows of transverse blocks are supported either li-l reetly on the o'or girders or on the sup leverse blocks arecut -outl 'so that the beam'- i There is thus provided a" substantial support for eachlayei' of blocks mental blocks 15n and 16?, and it is evi ent that the lower wall of the transverse blocks completely incase the/ lower sides of the concrete beams and protect `them from being chipped of b the actionof fire to expose the metallic rein orcements.

In the manufacture of the blocks 2() the portion 214 ofthe upper wall is only partially cut away during t e molding and urning, and the same are preferably ermitted turemain in position to stay the bllocks until they are shipped to the lace of use, when the cut away portions are 'necked out by the blow of a hammer.

amr Amami-1 corr In Fig. 1l is shown another form of construction in which the' lower ,la 1er is made of. blocks .20b and 20 of double thickness, that lis to say having two rows of longitudinal cavities, which forni of construction `is inani-v festly madein the saine manner as describedv blocks of each row being located side by 'sidev and the extended ends ofthe lower walls of the blocks of adjacent rows being butted together to form a channel between the ends of the upper portions'thereof, with 'or without terra cotta plates spanning the jointsbetween the ends of the' lower walls, andconcrete beams iii the channels and having lugs projecting into the ends of the block cavities, with or `without metallic reinforcements inthe beams, which is described vand illustrated but not claimed herein is made the subject@ matter of 4va sup leinent'al application for' Letters'latent, iiied February 20, 1908, Serial No. 416,839: and,` the metallic reinforcement for 'a concrete beam comprising a main member, and a series of separate subordinate members located at intervalsapart and composed of a plurality of Wires wrapped around 4the main member and twisted together on the upperside thereof, and thence separated and extended -singly as tension members upward in diagonally different directions, with or`without the .diverging *wiresv overla ping the similar wires of adjacent subor inate members, which is described and illustrated, but not claimed herein, is made the subjectmatter of a divisional application for Letters Patent, filed February 21, 1908, Serial No. 416,958. y

What I claim as my invention, and desire LA. floor structure includinga series of rows of blocks having longitudinalc'avities therein, *the iblocks' 'of' each rowbeing 1ocatedfside by .side Vwith channels between the `rows of blocks having longitudi ends of the blocks of adjacent rows, an un- .ign

derlying layer of blocks transverseiy coated and having open cavities :in their upper sides registering with the channels, vand concrete beams in the channels and in the open cavi-- ties of the lower blocks and having .lugs en tending into the cavities of the upper blocks 2. A iioor structure including'a series of rows of blocks having longitudinal cavities therein, the blocks of each row being located side by side with channels between. the ends of the blocks of adjacent rows, an uiideilving layer of blocks transversely located and .av-

i ing open cavities in their upper sides register-- ing` with the channels, concrete beams inthe channels and inthe open cavities of the lower blocks and having liirfs extending into the cavities of the upper blocks, and metallic' -inforcements in the beams.

' 3.- A iioor structure including a series of rows of blocks having longitudinal cavities therein, the blocks of each row being iccated side by side with channels betwe ii the ends 'of the blocks of adjacent rows, ani id layer oi blocks transversely loe: ed and l ing open cavities in their u, i ing with the chaiincis, concrete. beams in the channels and in the open cavities of the lower blocks and having lugs entending into the cavities of the upper blocks, and a mono lithic concrete layer on the upper blocks.

4. Ai ioor structurer including a series or' al cavities therein, the blocks of each row l? inglccated side by side with channels between the ends of the blocks of adjacent rows, an underlying layer of blocks transversely located and ha ing open cavities in their upper ,sides registerin with the channels, concrete beams in the c annels and in the-open cavities of the lower blocks and having lugs extei'idiiig into the cavities of the upper blocirs, mon: mc

concrete layer on the up er blocks a d tallicl reinforcements binding the beams and concrete layer together.

Witnesses:

Josiirii Hannan, .MARY A. @Harmonia Sii

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