US8970055B2 - System for wave energy harvesting employing transport of stored energy - Google Patents

System for wave energy harvesting employing transport of stored energy Download PDF

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Publication number
US8970055B2
US8970055B2 US13/505,367 US201013505367A US8970055B2 US 8970055 B2 US8970055 B2 US 8970055B2 US 201013505367 A US201013505367 A US 201013505367A US 8970055 B2 US8970055 B2 US 8970055B2
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energy
water vessel
wave
buoys
vessel
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US20120267949A1 (en
Inventor
Andre Sharon
Holger Wirz
John C. Briggs
William Hartman
Fritz Klocke
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Fraunhofer USA Inc
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Fraunhofer USA Inc
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Assigned to SHARON, ANDRE reassignment SHARON, ANDRE ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: TRUSTEES OF BOSTON UNIVERSITY
Assigned to FRAUNHOFER USA, INC. reassignment FRAUNHOFER USA, INC. ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: BRIGGS, JOHN C., SHARON, ANDRE, WIRZ, HOLGER, HARTMAN, WILLIAM, KLOCKE, FRITZ
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
    • B63B—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; EQUIPMENT FOR SHIPPING 
    • B63B35/00—Vessels or similar floating structures specially adapted for specific purposes and not otherwise provided for
    • B63B35/44—Floating buildings, stores, drilling platforms, or workshops, e.g. carrying water-oil separating devices
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03B—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS
    • F03B13/00—Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of machines or engines with driving or driven apparatus; Power stations or aggregates
    • F03B13/12—Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of machines or engines with driving or driven apparatus; Power stations or aggregates characterised by using wave or tide energy
    • F03B13/14—Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of machines or engines with driving or driven apparatus; Power stations or aggregates characterised by using wave or tide energy using wave energy
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03B—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS
    • F03B13/00—Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of machines or engines with driving or driven apparatus; Power stations or aggregates
    • F03B13/12—Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of machines or engines with driving or driven apparatus; Power stations or aggregates characterised by using wave or tide energy
    • F03B13/14—Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of machines or engines with driving or driven apparatus; Power stations or aggregates characterised by using wave or tide energy using wave energy
    • F03B13/16—Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of machines or engines with driving or driven apparatus; Power stations or aggregates characterised by using wave or tide energy using wave energy using the relative movement between a wave-operated member, i.e. a "wom" and another member, i.e. a reaction member or "rem"
    • F03B13/18—Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of machines or engines with driving or driven apparatus; Power stations or aggregates characterised by using wave or tide energy using wave energy using the relative movement between a wave-operated member, i.e. a "wom" and another member, i.e. a reaction member or "rem" where the other member, i.e. rem is fixed, at least at one point, with respect to the sea bed or shore
    • F03B13/1805—Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of machines or engines with driving or driven apparatus; Power stations or aggregates characterised by using wave or tide energy using wave energy using the relative movement between a wave-operated member, i.e. a "wom" and another member, i.e. a reaction member or "rem" where the other member, i.e. rem is fixed, at least at one point, with respect to the sea bed or shore and the wom is hinged to the rem
    • F03B13/181—Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of machines or engines with driving or driven apparatus; Power stations or aggregates characterised by using wave or tide energy using wave energy using the relative movement between a wave-operated member, i.e. a "wom" and another member, i.e. a reaction member or "rem" where the other member, i.e. rem is fixed, at least at one point, with respect to the sea bed or shore and the wom is hinged to the rem for limited rotation
    • F03B13/1815—Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of machines or engines with driving or driven apparatus; Power stations or aggregates characterised by using wave or tide energy using wave energy using the relative movement between a wave-operated member, i.e. a "wom" and another member, i.e. a reaction member or "rem" where the other member, i.e. rem is fixed, at least at one point, with respect to the sea bed or shore and the wom is hinged to the rem for limited rotation with an up-and-down movement
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03B—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS
    • F03B13/00—Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of machines or engines with driving or driven apparatus; Power stations or aggregates
    • F03B13/12—Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of machines or engines with driving or driven apparatus; Power stations or aggregates characterised by using wave or tide energy
    • F03B13/14—Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of machines or engines with driving or driven apparatus; Power stations or aggregates characterised by using wave or tide energy using wave energy
    • F03B13/16—Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of machines or engines with driving or driven apparatus; Power stations or aggregates characterised by using wave or tide energy using wave energy using the relative movement between a wave-operated member, i.e. a "wom" and another member, i.e. a reaction member or "rem"
    • F03B13/20—Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of machines or engines with driving or driven apparatus; Power stations or aggregates characterised by using wave or tide energy using wave energy using the relative movement between a wave-operated member, i.e. a "wom" and another member, i.e. a reaction member or "rem" wherein both members, i.e. wom and rem are movable relative to the sea bed or shore
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03B—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS
    • F03B17/00—Other machines or engines
    • F03B17/02—Other machines or engines using hydrostatic thrust
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
    • B63B—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; EQUIPMENT FOR SHIPPING 
    • B63B35/00—Vessels or similar floating structures specially adapted for specific purposes and not otherwise provided for
    • B63B35/44—Floating buildings, stores, drilling platforms, or workshops, e.g. carrying water-oil separating devices
    • B63B2035/4433—Floating structures carrying electric power plants
    • B63B2035/4466—Floating structures carrying electric power plants for converting water energy into electric energy, e.g. from tidal flows, waves or currents
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
    • F05B2240/00—Components
    • F05B2240/40—Use of a multiplicity of similar components
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
    • F05B2240/00—Components
    • F05B2240/90—Mounting on supporting structures or systems
    • F05B2240/93—Mounting on supporting structures or systems on a structure floating on a liquid surface
    • F05B2240/931—Mounting on supporting structures or systems on a structure floating on a liquid surface which is a vehicle
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/20—Hydro energy
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/30—Energy from the sea, e.g. using wave energy or salinity gradient
    • Y02E10/38—

Definitions

  • the present invention is related to the field of energy, and in particular to the field of renewable energy.
  • Wave storage devices store energy in reservoirs, and then draw from the reservoir to produce electric power.
  • Wave energy devices convert the energy of a wave directly into electricity, without storage.
  • Point absorbers operate at a single point along a wave, rather than across and entire wave front.
  • Ocean current energy converters tap large-scale persistent flow patterns, including horizontal motion caused by tides.
  • Tidal energy converters tap the vertical motion of the tides.
  • wind harvesting turbines including compact vertical axis turbines, have been demonstrated for some time.
  • a system which employs wave energy harvesting apparatus and a water vessel (e.g., a ship) which carries an energy storage apparatus such as an array of batteries.
  • the energy harvesting apparatus may also be carried by the water vessel, although in some cases it may be fixed or be carried by a separate vessel.
  • the water vessel is operated in an energy storing mode at an energy harvesting location subject to wave activity, during which the energy storage apparatus stores energy from the wave activity as harvested by the energy harvesting apparatus.
  • the water vessel is operated in an energy transporting mode to transport the stored energy from the energy harvesting location to an energy releasing location having a connection to an electrical power grid.
  • the water vessel is operated at the energy releasing location in an energy releasing mode in which the stored energy is transformed into appropriate AC electricity supplied to the electrical power grid.
  • the energy releasing location is preferably onshore, although in same cases it may be offshore.
  • FIG. 1 is a diagram depicting wave energy harvesting operation in simplified form
  • FIG. 3 is a perspective view of a wave energy harvesting water vessel employing heaving buoys, shown in deployed positions during a harvesting mode of operation;
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a wave energy harvesting water vessel
  • FIG. 7 is a perspective view of a wave energy harvesting water vessel employing pitch/surge buoys, shown in deployed positions during a harvesting mode of operation;
  • FIG. 9 is a perspective view of a second wave energy harvesting water vessel employing heaving buoys.
  • FIG. 1 depicts a cycle of wave energy harvesting by a ship, barge or similar water vessel 10 .
  • the cycle generally has four phases or modes of operating.
  • a wave energy harvesting operation will typically involve indefinite repetitions of this cycle using one or more vessels 10 and other apparatus as more fully described below.
  • a transporting mode 14 involves the vessel 10 traveling (e.g., by sailing under power) to a releasing location at which the stored energy is released.
  • the releasing location typically has some form of dock 16 or mooring to which the vessel 10 is tied for a subsequent energy releasing mode 18 of operation.
  • the releasing location may be a port or similar onshore location, or it may be another offshore location having facilities which enable the vessel 10 to dock and perform the energy releasing operation.
  • the energy stored on the vessel 10 is used to generate electricity which is provided to an electrical grid 20 for use by electricity consumers attached to the electrical grid 20 .
  • the electrical grid 20 may range in size from a small grid serving only a local area to a larger grid having regional, national or even international extent.
  • the releasing mode 18 typically involves use of a converter (CONV) 22 which may be permanently located at the releasing location or on the vessel 10 .
  • CONV converter
  • the vessel 10 in one embodiment contains a plurality of wave absorbers which collectively absorb wave energy at a relatively large rate (the time rate of energy absorption being power).
  • the vessel 10 may absorb power somewhere in the range of 0.5 to 1 MW for average typical wave conditions.
  • the storage capacity is a function of several factors including the type of storage technology employed and its space/volume on the vessel 10 .
  • a desirable storage capacity may be on the order of 20 MWh for example.
  • the duration of wave energy harvesting in the harvesting/storing mode 12 will be dictated in part by the ratio of power input and storage capacity. For example, if energy is being harvested at a rate of 1 MW, it will take about 20 hours to completely charge a 20-MWh store.
  • the operating cycle depicted in FIG. 1 be as short as possible.
  • one beneficial feature of the technique is the temporary storage of the energy on the vessel 10 , which means that the releasing operation 18 can be scheduled to coincide with periods of high demand if desired.
  • the vessel 10 may be any of several types including both self-powered types (e.g., a conventional boat or ship) and non-powered types (e.g. a barge).
  • a self-powered vessel 10 can be driven under its own power during the transporting mode 14 , whereas an unpowered vessel 10 requires coupling to a separate powered vessel (e.g., tugboat) which can tow/push the vessel 10 during the transporting mode 14 .
  • a separate powered vessel e.g., tugboat
  • the system will generally include respective converter components 30 , 32 that effect appropriate conversions of the form of energy between the harvester 26 and storage 28 and between the storage 28 and converter 22 .
  • the converters 30 , 32 may or may not be located on the vessel 10 with the storage 28 .
  • the buoys 34 are shown as relatively flat objects which ride primarily on the surface, but it is anticipated that in practice more traditional buoys which are weighted and more fully submerged may be employed. That is, the technique contemplates the use of either shallow-draft as well as deep-draft buoys.
  • FIG. 5 illustrates operation in the form of a flow chart.
  • an energy storing operation performed at the harvesting location, in which energy from wave activity (obtained via the wave energy harvester 26 ) is stored in the storage component 28 .
  • the stored energy is transported to the releasing location.
  • an energy releasing operation performed at the releasing location, in which the stored energy is used to generate electricity which is provided to the electrical grid 20 . It will be appreciated that the steps 48 , 50 and 52 correspond to the actions 12 , 14 and 18 described above with reference to FIG. 1 .
  • FIG. 6 shows the vessel 10 -I with the buoys 34 in a raised or retracted position in which they are not in contact with the water.
  • Some form of retraction of the buoys 34 is desirable when the vessel 10 is traveling, as in their non-retracted or deployed position ( FIG. 3 ) they may unduly interfere with proper sailing of the vessel 10 -I.
  • this retraction is illustrated by raising the buoys 34 vertically, but other types of retraction are possible.
  • the buoys may be drawn inward to the vessel body 33 and secured there, and/or they may be turned slightly inwardly or aftward in order to reduce drag when sailing. Other forms of retraction are possible.
  • FIGS. 7 and 8 illustrate an alternative embodiment (shown as vessel 10 -II) which employs pitch/surge buoys 54 .
  • Each pitch/surge buoy 54 rotates over a small range of angles about a respective fixed transverse pivot line 56 on a support structure 58 located beneath the surface.
  • the mechanical motion is transferred to the vessel body 33 by appropriate linkages and/or other elements (not shown in FIGS. 7 and 8 ).
  • FIG. 7 shows the pitch/surge buoys 54 in deployed operational positions, and FIG. 8 shows them in retracted positions for travel.
  • FIG. 9 shows an alternative embodiment (shown as vessel 10 -III) in which buoys 60 extend longitudinally from the vessel body 33 , making for an overall longer structure.
  • This arrangement may be beneficial especially in areas which experience longer wave lengths.
  • the configuration may generally be most useful when the wave length is less than the length of the vessel body 33 , so that the vessel body 33 remains relatively stationary in the water while the buoys 34 heave up and down relative to the vessel body 33 .
  • This arrangement can become less effective at longer wavelengths, because in such conditions the vessel body 33 tends to just ride up and down along with the buoys 34 and thus experience no relative motion.
  • FIG. 9 shows an alternative embodiment (shown as vessel 10 -III) in which buoys 60 extend longitudinally from the vessel body 33 , making for an overall longer structure.
  • This arrangement may be beneficial especially in areas which experience longer wave lengths. Referring back to FIG. 3 , it will be appreciated that the configuration may generally be most useful when the wave length is less than the length of the vessel body 33 , so that the vessel
  • the vessel body 33 will tend to rotate slightly about its short axis (i.e., to rock lengthwise) and thus experience the necessary relative motion between its ends (bow and stern) and the respective buoys 60 .
  • the configuration of the buoys 34 be controllable or “tunable” by operating personnel to maximize harvesting efficiency depending on wave conditions.
  • Two types of tuning are envisioned, 1) spatial position of the buoys, and 2) natural frequency of the buoys.
  • the linkages 36 may be connected to a horizontal support rod capable of telescoping to vary the overall longitudinal span of the buoys 34 , and this capability can be used to obtain an optimum spacing depending on the wavelengths experienced in operation.
  • natural frequency tuning additional water could be added to the buoys to increase their mass and lower their natural frequencies.
  • wind turbines on the vessel 10 to enable the vessel 10 to harvest wind energy along with wave energy. Mechanical energy from the wind turbines would be converted into appropriate form for the storage component 28 . It is expected that so-called vertical axis wind turbines might be better candidates than traditional horizontal-axis wind turbines.
  • a vessel used for energy transporting may include energy storage apparatus having an energy storage capacity of at least 1 MWh.
  • a vessel may be used not for transporting energy but for using harvested energy for its own purposes (e.g., on-board electrical loads).

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Ocean & Marine Engineering (AREA)
  • Other Liquid Machine Or Engine Such As Wave Power Use (AREA)
US13/505,367 2009-11-11 2010-11-11 System for wave energy harvesting employing transport of stored energy Active US8970055B2 (en)

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US26010509P 2009-11-11 2009-11-11
US13/505,367 US8970055B2 (en) 2009-11-11 2010-11-11 System for wave energy harvesting employing transport of stored energy
PCT/US2010/056403 WO2011060183A2 (en) 2009-11-11 2010-11-11 System for wave energy harvesting employing transport of stored energy

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