US895654A - Apparatus for the production of a gaseous or vaporous fluid mixture. - Google Patents

Description

.Nm 295,654. PATENTED AUG.-11. 190Ev G. MEYERSBERG. APPARATUS FOR THE PRODUCTION OF A GASEOUS 0R VAPOROUS FLUID MIXTURE.

APPLICA ION FILED AUG. 10, 1906.

4 {SHEETS-SHEET 1.

L fwewe 3/2 895,654. PATBNTBU AUG. 11, 19 08 MEYERSUU U. I APPARATUS FOR THE PRODUCTION OF A GASEOUS 0R VAPOROUS FLUID MIXTURE.

APPLICATION FILED AUG. 10, 1906.

4 SHEETS-SHEET 2.

No. 895,654. PATENTED AUG. 11, 1908.

G. MBYERSBERG. APPARATUS FOR THE PRODUCTION OF A GASEOUS OR VAPOROUS FLUID MIXTURE.

APPLIOATION FILED AUG. 10, 1906.

4 SHEETS-SHEET 3.

(5% 6101255: I v J%UE/ZZLUJ No. 895,654. PATENTED AUG. 11

G. MEYERSBERG. APPARATUS FOR THE PRODUCTION OF A GASEOUS OR VAPOROUS FLUID MIXTURE.

APPLICATION FILED AUG. 10, 1906.

4 SHEETS-SHEET 4.

Jive/2X01 Gwfau/[gezvera UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

GUSTAV MEYERSBERG, OF BERLIN, GERMANY.

APPARATUS FOR THE PRODUCTION OF A GASEOUS OR VAPOROUS FLUID vMIX'IU'RE.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented Aug. 11, 1908.

Application filed August 10, 1906. Serial No. 330,094.

To all whom it may concern: i

Be it known that I, GUSTAV MErERs-BERG, engineer, a subject of the Emperor of Austria,- llungary, and a resident of 30 Rankestrasse, Berlin, Germany, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Apparatus for the Production of Gaseous or Vaporous Fluid Alixtures; and I do hereby declare the following to be a full, clear, and exact description of the invention, such as will enable others skilled in the art to which it appertains to make and use the same, reference being had to the accompanying drawings, and to letters of. reference marked thereon, which form a part of this application.

My invention relates to improvements in an apparatus for the production of a gas 01' vaporous fluid mixture.

For various technical purposes mixtures of gases in the form of vapor and liquids are employed which flow through passages and pipes c. g., in hydraulic compressors or in apparatus, such as hydraulic expansors, in which the energy of flow is brought from that originally existing to a higher value by the expansion of lhe gas contained in the mixture.

In order to obtain a regular action and one which it is possible to calculate it is convenient to employ the mixture in such a way that liquid and gaseous bodies succeed each other in the passage in which they llow according to a fixed law, 0. g., in such a way that a gaseous body of fixed weight always follows a fluid body of fixed weight.

In the accompanying drawings, representing arrangements of apparatus in which such an employment of the flowing mixture can be attained,--Figure 1 is a chordal section show. ing a portion of the blading of an apparatus constructed in accordance with my invention. Fig. 2 is an axial section through a portion of the complete apparatus. Fig. 3

is a bottom plan view of one form of distributing wheel. Fig. 4 is a diagram illustrating the relative speeds and directions of the ro tating wheel and the jets of water passing through it. Fig. 5 is a vertical section through one of the blade passages in the distributing wheel, with a diagram illustrating the relative position of water particles therein. Fig. 6 is a speed diagram corresponding thereto. Fig. 7 is a view similar to Fig. 5 showing the parts in changed relation. Figs. 8 and 9 are views similar to Fig.

3, showing two modified forms of construction. Fig. '10 is a radial sectionthrough the distributing wheel and associated parts of a modified form of apparatus. Fig. 11 is a ehordal section through similar parts of another modified form of apparatus. Fig. 12 is a speed diagram corresponding thereto. Fig. 13 is a view similar to Fig. 1, showing the parts differently proportioned. Figs. 14 and 15 are speed diagrams corresponding thereto. Fig. 16 is a radial section through the distributing wheel and associated parts of another modified form of apparatus. Fig. I7 is an axial section through similar parts? of still another lnodilied form of apparatus.

(1 indicates a body constructed after the manner of a turbine wheel and which will be hereinafter referred to as the "distributing wheel"; a portion of the blading" thereof is shown developed in section in Fig. 1, while Fig. '3 is a transverse section through a portion of the whole apparatus.

The fluid, for example water llows continuously and uniformly through the dis tributing wheel, while the wheel rotates with a speed of rotation to in the direction of the arrow. The rotation takes place about the axis .')'J'. The bladmg 1s so arranged that between each two passages b, I) there is a wall (I of considerable thickness on the outlet side of thc distributing wheel, while on the inletside thereof it is sluirpened oil'. The water flows to the distributing wheel on the inlet side in such a direction and at such a speed that it enters as much as possible without loss by impact, for which purpose there may be employed a fixed guiding apparatus 0 which may be provided with suitable blading. From the distributing wheel the water flows through the passages b with an inclination [1' to the relative speed c.

()wing to the blade walls (I being thickened on the outlet side the outlet of the water is not ell'ccted as a closed ring, but in separate jets which correspond in cross section to the cross section of the outlets of the passages I). In Fig. I; the wheel (1 is seen from the outlet side. The passages I) appear in this 'ase as radial slots.

The jets of water llow from the distributing wheel into a system of lixcd passagcsf, which are arranged in a circle with their mouths or inlets opposite the distributing wheel. Said system of fixed passages is hereinafter referred to as a guide wheel. As can be seen from Fig. 2 the radial breadth of such passages is such that the jets on entering im i n at the mouths of it the l by imilLl] iiclined it v of the riser. aim- ;dta a I from the distributing stream over the mouths of the syvte n of fixed passages. Full or solid jets do not pass into the passages f, but in every case only piston shapedportions thereof, liietween which portions gas, air or steam flows out of the surrounding spaces h and i. The jets flow from the distributing wheel, as can be seen from the speed diagramF1g. 4; in which these speeds and directions are separately indicated, with the absolute emergent speed to in their direction-of travel into the passages f. In doing so the front and rear faces of the jets retain the direction or inclination of the passage 5 of the last blade element in thidistributing wheel. The reason for this can. be seen by reference to Figs, 5, 6 and 7. Fig. 5 indicates the end of one of the blade passages Z) in the distributing wheel and in Fig. 6 the corresponding speed diagram is shown. 1 and 2 are two water particles of the jet which move along the rear wall of the passage. 1 has just reached the end of the passage, while 2 is assumed to be so far removed therefrom, that the triangle 1, 2, 2 is similar to the speed triangle shown in- Fig. 6. While the point on the rear wall of the passage upon which the particle 1 stood, moves on in a cer tain period of time to 2 the water particle 1 itself has reached the point 1 in the chamber adjacent to the outlets of the passages Z). All the water particles, which at the commencement lay upon the connecting line between 1 and 2, have moved so far forward during this period of time that at the end of the period they lie upon the connecting line 1 2. s The rear face of the jet has therefore, after leaving the blade passage b, moved on parallel to itself in the direction w and has retained its inclination /3. The same remarks may also be applied to the front face of the jet, with reference to Fig. 7, and as relates to the wa ter particles 3 and 4 which at the end of the period of time reach the points 3 and 4'.

As the inclination of the front and rear faces of the jet is retained it may be concluded that the angle 7 which the end faces of the at (Fig. 1) include with the walls 9 of the passage, is equal to the angle between the relative and absolute emergent velocity c or to. It is possible therefore to obtain a definite angle of inclination of the end faces of the pistonlike jet portions by selection of the speed diagram. Thus, for example suppose re separated fromhe JMtLlQS avoided it is desired that the end. faces of the pistonlilie jet portions shall be at right angles to the walls 9 of the passage, then the angle l'getween c and to (Fig. l) must be made egua' to I I Instead of the passages 5 being of the form shown in 3 they may-hare any other desired form, such I r example as that shown or 9. w ith passages such as shown 5 the end faces of piston-like water gets will be arched, while with passages such as shown in Fig. 9 the end faces of the piston-lilac water jets will lie obliquely to the plane in which the apparatus is seen in Fig. 1.

instead of the fluid flowing through distributin wheel axiall as shown in bi I ment may be combined witn the axial after the fashion of the Francis turbines. Moreover in some constructions the direction of flow may be in a direction between axial and radial, i. a, along a cone.

In some cases it may be of advantage to make the distributing wheel stationary and arrange the passages f to rotate. The blade lan of "such an arrangement is indicated in Fig. 11, and the corresponding speed diagram in Fig. 12. In this case separate guide apparatus is omitted, the blading of the stationary distributing wheel (L being so constructed. as. s

to take the place thereof. The division walls 9 of the rotating system of passages f are inclined towards the direction of the relative entrant speed indicated by the line c; in the example shown they lie parallel to the axis of rotation. In this position the passages f may be arranged about a cylindrical surface parallel to its geometrical axis. The inclination of the fluid piston like portions to the division walls 9 is here de termined by the angle between the absolute and relative entrant speed to and c.

It may be convenient to allow both the distributing wheel a andthe system of passagesf to rotate in opposite direction, or to move with different speeds in the same direction.

, The rotating part may be driven from the outside of the machine. The resistance which has to be overcome in this instance depends upon the nature of the bladirw which should be treated according to th,

same rules as those employed in turbine calculation. According to the selection of the 13, 14 and 15.

. wheel is obtained, as is well known, from the subtraction of the turning moments whichthe absolute entrant and emergent velocities produce. If these velocities are equal and both in the sa-i'nc direction, then there is not any total turning moment produced. According as the one or the other velocity pre-' ponderates so the wheel either opposes resistance to its rotation or exerts motive force. For practical purposes it is convenient to have a motive moment slightly in excess of that-required to turn the wheel and which just balances or counterpoises the re sistances as they arise in the usual working number of revolutions. At the proper number of revolutions the wheel then runs round of itself without requiring any assistance from outside and without any acceleration of s eed.

he ratios of the blading may be so selected that assuming a definite entrant velocity of the fluid a positive turning moment, that is to say acceleration, will take place below the'desired number of revolutions, whereas above this number a negative turning mo ment, that is to say a braking action will be produced, and, at the proper number of revolutions, the turning moment just counterbalances the rotation resistances. The wheel therefore regulates itself to the cor rect desired number of revolutions. An example of such construction is shown in Figs.

7 Fig. 13 shows an axial arrangement of the blading in plan. Fig. 14 shows the speed diagram for the normal number of revolutions and Fig. 15 that for a number of revolutions greater than the normal. Assuming the water flows out of the guide apparatus 0 into the distributing wheel with the absolute velocity w, at the normal speed of rotation u the relative entrant velocity is During the passage through the wheel the relative speed rises from c to the final value c which is obtained by suitably contracting the cross sectional area of the passage. There results an absolute emergent velocity w, the component of which in the direction it is I equal to and is in the same direction as-the corresponding component of w. The tptal turning moment is therefore zero. It now, keeping the entrant velocity w the same, the speed of rotation be raised from the value a (Fig. 14) to the value a (Fig. 15) the first result is that on the entry of the water at the speed w a loss of energy takes place bx; the impact of the Water the impact component is C while the relative entrant velocity after the impact is e 0 rises on passing through the passage to the absolute emergent velocity becoming 1012 by the composition of c, to a: v of U is A (Fig. 15) while the corres mnih ing component of 10 only attains the value A B. The turning moment of the emergent velocity is greater than that of the entrant- Nelocity. A braking action is mnsemicntly produced. 11 the diagram was l'or apparatus in which the peripheral velocity is less than u, then motive action would be obtained. If therefore water be allowed to How upon the wheel at rest such wheel will rotate with gradually increasing speed up to main at this number '01 revolutions.

Only the mouths of the passages turned towards the distributing wheel are shown in the figures. The continuations of these mouths may assume any desired shapes and cross sections, according to the alterations which the mixture is to suil'er in them. in the axial arrangement they may be arranged around a cylindrical surface in helical lines or according to the geometrical axes. in the radial arrangement they may lie in one )lane. Combinations of both kinds and other shapes are nevertheless possible. which enables the formation of rmgs of lluid to be cfl'ected with the omission ol the division walls is shown in Fig. 16. This case embodies a radial arrangenwnt with external impact. The system of passages f comprises as many passages as the distributing wheel The ends of the passages f are inclined towards the periphery of the circle of the radius 7" by the amount of the angle a which is less than 90. The division t on this periphery is therefore greater than. the normal breadth 7c of the passage L'. K is equal to t sin. (5. ()n a circle with the small radius 1' the division 25 thereon is equal to 7c, that'is to say 25. sin. 6 and '1"-=r. sin. a.

As shown in Fig. 16 the passages f, the breadth 7c of which remains the same, are arranged round in a gentle curve, so that they lie radially in the case of the inner circle with the radius The piston like water jets form in each passage f owing to the equality of their number with the number of the passages in the distributing wheel in the same way. They sutl'er the same changes in each passage and presupposing that they were formed vertically to the walls 9 on their entrance and that this vertical position is retained by them owing to the narrowness of the passages during the curvature also they arrive in the same position at the circle of the radius 1', where they coalesce into a ring. In the case of further flow inward the division walls g. may be omitted. stead of water pistons there have now to be dealt with water rings which are as a. whole subjected to the' same changes which were the normal number of revolutions and re-' An arrangement The component of in the direction passages may be so curved that they pass out of the radial into the axial position.

. otherwise made in the several passages with the several water pistons. Thus, for example, asshown in'the axial section Fig. 17, the

It is also possible from the very beginning to employ the axial arrangement even in the distributing wheel, only in this case the inlets into the passages f must be arranged upon a circle of a greater radius than the place from which onward the division walls g are omitted.

In all cases, instead of the complete impact around the entire periphery hitherto presu posed, partial impact upon a portion of t e periphery may take place. I

Having thus described my invention, what I claim as new and desire to secure by Letters Patent of the United States of America,

sages of said guide wheel and arranged with their discharge ends at a distance from each other and from the inlet of the passages of the guide wheel, means to supply a liquid to the passages of the distributing wheel, and

eeaeeameans to admit a fluid to the space between the passages of the distributing and uide wheel, the passages of said guide whee and distributing wheel being arranged at such angles relatively to each other and to the axis of rotation of said rotative member that the energy required for relative rotation of the wheels is imparted to the same by the stream of liquid.

2. In'an apparatus for producing a mixture of a fluid and a liquid, the combination, with an inner guide wheel having radially directed passages arranged in a circle, of an outer distributing wheel arranged adjacent to said guide wheel. and. having radially directed passages adapted to discharge successive streams of a liquid into the passages of said guide wheel and arranged with their discharge ends at a distance'from' each other and from the inlet of said passages of the' guide wheel, means to supply a liquid to the passages of the distributing wheel, means to admit a fluid to the space between the passages of the distributing and guidewheel, and means to rotate said distributing and guide wheel relatively to each other.

In testimony, that I claim the foregoing as my invention, I have signed my name in presence of two subscribing witnesses. GUSTAV MEYERSBE-RG. Witnesses:

HENRY HASPER, WILLIAM MAYNER.

Images