US1497665A - Blade of rotor wheels - Google Patents

Description

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v. KAPLAN BLADE 0E RoToR WHEELS med Mama' 14. 1923 id Sama @if Gmail@ 'venirmi :ii Emmi;

parl.y oi' 'die bind@ one imi@ (n i), time con- Fron'i di@ premises i *foows Huit ih@ po,- fipiieai .*G'locity 'al cxisting c, Ixlus' im @quail 'm ilat :it ln puin? al, at which it inifated Ain the ouzivl: diagram Fig. by u2, Howvvei, iii@ braking of the giddy Iin- (iucdi by the disiribufm nego-smily fo oiuain a 5000i efiiiency roquios's Thai. Hw Compmwut 1-:3 of lotnimi ma, (Fig. 2) exiszingzit The? point P1 Should diss-imma? :it the poini" (al. This, imvmvel', is possibi@ only' if (fm2) ia 110i: oniy of :mini dilcuion` but ais() .possesses z. X'Pry defini@v nmgniudia which @im be deduwd from the. inlet iiigmm (Fig. 2).# Fm if Vrie Matti@ plo'iia el a1 @aufm-ms a hefica lim mi uniform piifii., when der if'eioped it wiii appear afi a sh'nigfh iine. Ruh than 'fhe inlet :mgv [5 n? Hw iuiiiim 5,5, Wiwei wi 'become eqxm to ih@ fmt zmglo of h@ runner wiieci :md onnoqueniy ih@ :mini component (cm2) 'Hic mm'ifiim'ml (mikt velocity om2 musi'. be, milde t0 cmnfmm tu 'this fact. app@ grain, this equirmnen; cwiipiieci with if (mf/m?) i be made @quai io (am) by the @Mansion of H1@ intim to ich@ point- Whore ii, `iniloisiwsti; die eXtenSiim Qi: Hw, iviniw iniii wim f w1. Simiizu'l'jj the iniet :mii @niiet {'a'inngies, it may be cunciued tha-n the 'requirement musi; be fuifiied, which can be in i www?, in his wm@ ha one can @munt im en Then, bow/erven from' izhe m;

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satisfactory efficiency with blades having;I helical surfaces, only when the ratio between the axial component of the meridional inlet velocity to that the. outlet velocity is equal to the proportion of the relative inlet velocity to the relative outlet velocity It requires no further argumentI to show that the stated ratio mustl at least approximately be reached in regard to all those cylinder sections for which helical protileL of at least approximately uniform pitch are desired. Therefore, either the entire blade, or else only a part thereof, may be shaped as a helical surface. Likewise,r coiisideration of the conditions will show that the .diagrams illustrated in Fig 2 contain only the course of flow in cylindrical surfaces and therefore do not indicate the velocities ex isting in the stream lilies as.

Such blades compared with the curved bladesheretofore used have the advantage of easier manufacture. pliikewisc, the surface.' of sucliblades can be worked and finished with a precision not attainable in the bladesheretofore used. Iwhich also results in hydraulic advantages.

In the construction of turbine pumps such Wheels can be used with particular advantage for the reason that the otherwise inevitable retardation of' the relative velocity of flow of the water towards the outlet of the runner wheel in axial wheels does not occur because of the"approximately `.parallel position ofthe individual blades.

A still further simplification in the manufacture of blades can" be obtained it' the blades having" helical surfaces are replaced by blades ,having plain or practically plain surfaces. Ot course; suoli a substitution can be made successfully only then, if the requirenient stated for helical surfaces en y om, 'to2l is at least' approximately complied with. This is nearly always true ofliiglily eflicieiit ,liighspeed turbines,y so that such blade shapes are particularly suited to highspeed turbines. Toward the hub of the run ner wheel, however, also in suoli high speed turbines one n iust. consider .not unfrequently a departure from the plain blade shape, but this des not result in any niaiiufaoturing diliicul ies Fbecause on account of mechanical strength already, one must ligure on a coi'- responding enlargement ot the blade near the hub of the runner Wheel.

Such blades made in accordance with the invention may either be rigidly connected with the hub of the runner wheel or adjustablyjarranged. lit adjustability o the blades according to my :duplication No. tllifll lill is provided for, these blades coiiiparc-.l with the heretofore used constructions oil'ei` the advz-invtage, that the hydraulic conditioiii angle reduction at a reduced admission can be better satisfied. A practically harmful decrease in eflicienoy does not occur even where the admission is greatly reduced. For giving the rotary blades a goed bearing, the use'of wing-like blades is recfiuiniended luch as are described in my application tici'. No 865208.

It a runner wheel constructed in :rffoid ance with the invention shall be used as :L turbine runner Wheel, it is self-understood that the admission on sui-li a ruimer "wheel must be effected with a correspondingly shaped distributor. and if necessary, by the use of suitable suction pipes, provision must be made f or a corresponding recovery in the suction-pipe. Likewise, the entire runner wheel must be filled with flowing; water dui'- ing the operation, hence` the flow must lie adjusted accordiinel to flowsui-faces. The same measures must also then he taken. it the wheel shall adfantaggeously work in connection with a turbine pumph 'llicreifore the brieiLl statement sufiiccs, that :iccordincT to the required reversal of the direction of? flow the outlet velocities of the pumps must cor respond to the inlet velocities of the turbines, and vice versa.

Patent claims:

l. Runner Wheel for turbines and the like, comprising' a hub and blades carried there by, said blades comprising, in part, surfaces so shaped that the proportion, between the axial componentv of the mean inlet. velocity" and the axial component of the mean outlet velocity, is approxiniatei).Y equal to the portion, between the relative and the relative outlet velocity.

proinlet velocity 2. Runner wheel for turbines andthe lilre,

comprising byu surfaces such that the proportion, between the axial component of the mean inlet velocity and the axial component of the mean outlet velocity, is approyiniately qual to the proportion, between thelielative inlet velocity and the relative outlet velocity.

Intestiinony whereof I affix my signature.

Y .VICTOR KAPLAN.

a hub aiul blades carried there-Y said blades comprising, in part, helical

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