US1083909A - Turbine. - Google Patents

Description

E. ANDERSON.

TURBINE.

APPLICATION FILED MAY 21A 1912A Am 1 9 1 QU 1 H na .J d 8 Lb n.. e t n@ P y WITN-ESSES:

INVENTOR E. ANDERSON.

TURBINE.

APPLICATION PILE-n MAY 21, 1912.A

Patented Jan, 13, 1914.

4- SHEETS-SHEET 2.

- INVENTOR ATTO R N EY E. ANDERSON.

TURBINE.

APPLIoATl-ON FILED MAY 21, 1912.

INVENTOR 4 SHEETS-'SHEET 3. Y,

Patented Jan. 13. 1914.

AT TRNEY 4 SHEETS-SHEET 4.

, 1 11 11 1 1 r n f I f ai E. ANDERSON.

TURBINE.

APPLICATION FILED MAY 21, 1912.

Patented Jan. 13, 1914.

^ UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

EMIL ANDERSON, OF NEW YORK, N. Y., .AS-SIGNOR TO THE UNIVERSAL TURBINE i COMPANY, F JERSEY CITY, NEW JERSEY, A CORPORATION OF NEW JERSEY.

TURBINE.

To all whom 'it may concern Be it known that I, EMIL ANDERSON, a

citizen of the United States, and a resident' an apparatus of simple construction by which the power in an elastic fluid may be developed etticiently.

I will describe my invention in the following specification and will point out thc novel features thereof in appended claims.

Referring to the drawings which illus-g trate an embodiment of my invention, Fig- -ure 1 is a sectional side elevation of an engine of a preferred construction. The same apparatus is shown in sectional end elevation in Fig. 2. The other figures, drawn on a larger scale, illustrate certain details of construction. Of these Fig. 3is a sectional end view of adjacent portions of the stationary element and its cooperating rotor. Fig. 4 is a developed plan view of that part of the rotor which is shown in Fig. 3. A still smaller part of the rotor is shown in side elevation on a further enlarged scale in Fig. 5 with a part broken away to illustrate the construction of the rotor buckets. Fig.l 6 is a sectional side elevation and Fig. 7 a plan View of a` bucket dividing member which forms a part of the rotor structure. One of the groups of the fluid passages in the stator is illust-rated in end elevation in Fig. 8 and the construction wof this part of the apparatus is shown more in detail in Figs. 9 and 10 which are sectional side elevations taken respectivel on the lines 9 9 and lOwlO of Fig. 8. F1g. 11 is a plan view of a part of the rotor developed with the adjacent parts of the stator shown in a section taken on the irregular line 11-11 of Fig. 8. Certain of the parts which are shown in Fig. 1 are drawn on a larger scale-in Fig.` 12. This ligure is added to more clearly show the construction and arrangement of these parts. Fig. 13 is a fragmentary plan View of one oit the nozzleplates and the adjacent p0rtion of the part which holds them.

Like characters of reference designate cor responding parts in all of the figures.

Specication of Letters Patent.

Application led Hay 21, 1912. Serial No. ($798,679.

Patented J an. 13, 1914.

The engine is supported upon a hollow l foundation 10 to which is bolted the base 11 of an annular' member 12 to which i-s connected the pipe 13 from some suitable source of fluid pressure supply. The annular member 12 is hollow and forms a supply chamber 14 which encircles the engine. The inside of member 12 forms a cylindrical surface in close proximity with the outer periphery of the rotor. At intervals, preferably spaced equidistantly in this art of the annular member are insertedD nozzle-plates 15 through which are out the inlet nozzles 16 which are connected with the chamber 14 by passages 17. The ends of these plates are provided with beveled edges as shown in Fig. 2, which tit into grooves in member 12 which grooves have undercut edges to lit them. The nozzle-plates are also tapered lengthwise and their receiving grooves are also tapered as shown in Fig. 13. This construction makes it. possible to hold the nozzle-plates in place and to remove them or to replace them at will with others havinor like nozzles or nozzles of different size or sIiape.

The main frame of the engine comprises two side members 2O which are secured to the central annular member 12. kThese form outlet chanlbers 21 at either side of the stator, which communicate with the hollow foundation 10 through exhaust connections 22. In their central portions` the side.mem bers are each constructed to form portions of the stuffing boxes 23 for the shaft 24 and to support bearing brackets 25 for this shaft.

The shaft is supported by ball-bearings 26 in these brackets. On one end of it, a

`ball thrust-bearing 27 abuts on one side against a shoulder formed on the shaft itself and on the other side against an adjusting collar 28. A similar thrust bearing 29 abuts against the other side of this collar and is held against it by nuts 30 threaded o-nto a reduced end of the shaft. The collar 28 is threaded into the bracket 25 on this end of the engine and may be moved in or out by being turned in one direction or the other. In this way the longitudinal position of the shaft may be adjusted. lW'hen it has been set in the desired position it is held there by a set-screw 31 which passes through Athe bracket onto theI collar 28. The ends of both bearing brackets are closed by threaded end plates 32. 33 is a coupling member on one end of the shaft.

soV

directed intake ducts G4, 65.

40 designates the side plates of These are clamped between ,tl bers 2O and an annular web 1S o'jcctmg inwardly from the member 12. f

41^is paci and 42 metallic packing rings inserte oetween groores around the inner surface of plates and the adjacent sides of the annular web These form Huid-tight joints and serve to hold the nozzle-plates 15 in place. rt-intervals about the inner faces of the side plates they7 Vare cut out as at 43 to form fluid passages. Near the outer edges of these passages are placed detlecting vanes 44. ln order to facilitate manufacture and to make a practicable structure in which the passages may be made of desired form, the side plates 40 are faced With thinner supplemental plates 45.

The preferred shape of one of the passages 43 is illustrated in Figs. S and 9 from which it may be seen that its ends are cut through the supplemental plate, the outer end at 46 and the inner end at 47 and that both of these Aopenings are in a plane transverse to the axis of the shaft 24. ln circumferential alinement with opening 4? are two other openings 4S and 49 through supplemental plate 45 which lead into another fluid passage 50. 51 is another outlet opening from this passage through plate 45 inside ot' the opening 49 but preferably tilted slightly out of radial alinement therewith. 52 is another opening throughthe supplemental plate 45 which registers With an exhaust passage 53 through side plate 40. rlhese exhaust passages have their sides in' substantially radial lines and are of such a length that the outer and inner ends thereof arein circumferential alinement'ivith similar ends of openings 49 and 51 respectively. it is to be noted lthat allof the aforesaid openings are in a single plane and it is to be understood that not only are these sets of passages and openings duplicated at intervals about the circumference of the side plates but that opposite each set in one of the side plates a similar set faces it in the other side plate. I

The essential parts of the stator and other stationary parts of the engine have now been described and I will now describe the construction and arrangement of the rotor.- This is built up upon a wheel, the hub of which designated by GO athxed to the shaft 24. The rim 61 of this wheel is connected by spokes 62 With the hub. its outer periphery is faced cylindrically to receive a tire-like ring G3 in which are cut alternately The outside of this ring is iinished to fit somewhat closely the inner surface of the annular member 12 and its edges as well as the sides of the part 61 of the Wheel. are turned to tit between the side plates 40, 45. ln the opposite sides of the Wheel-rim 63 tWo annular depth'but the outer grooics grooves (36, 67' are cut preferably of rectangular cross-section. i of equal t@ are considerably narrower than the inner grooves G7. The buckets lit into these-grooyes and become parts of the rotor. l hare invented a novel construction for this part of the apparatus-Which l u'ili proceed to describe. il

ring T0 havin@r a rectangular cross section is made with a transverse thickness equal to the depth of one of the groo'res .GS of less radial thickness than the "width of the groove. lnto one side of this ring the buckets 71 are cut extending all the Way across the face of the ring. Referring particularly to Figs. 4 7, the struction of these buckets may be easily seen. Each bucket is cut into the ring at an angle to the face of the ring so that its outer opening is between the parallel lines 72H78 and its inner surface is on a curve 74 under the face of the ring. This is shown in plan View in dotted lines in Figs. T and 11. They are then open at top and bottom. 75 is a bucket Wall for dii-*iding each bucket into tWo communicating chambers. are conveniently made separately and riveted to top and bottom flanges 76, 77 which tit over the outside and inside of bucket ring 70 respectively and are riveted thereto as shown in Fig. 6, thereby serving to hold the Walls in position and forming the outer and inner peripheries of ring 70. The Whole ring when thusmade With the desired number of buckets therein is slipped into groove G6 and secured to the rotor rim 61. The tivo outer bucket rings are substantially alike with all of the buckets inclined in the direction of `rotation and the two inner bucket rings are also similarly made and fitted into the rotor grooves'. The inner rings are howeverso secured to the rotor rim G1 that their circumferential position thereonis adjustable; that is they may be rotated slightly in relation to the outer rotor rings and then rigidly secured tothe rotor. Will nowdescribe the operation of this engine. Motive fluid such as steam is admitted to the annular chamber 14 from which it has accessl sure is reduced to practically condenser pressure and its potential energy changed to kinetic energy in the form of the velocity of its mass.

From Fig. 11 it may be seen that the ducts (i4. 65 are of substantially the same Width as the longitudinal length of the nozzle oriiice 1G. The motive fluid Will pass through one of these ducts to 'one side being deflected somewhat to the rear on account of the shape of the duct and Will pass from it through the opening 44, which is in circumferential These form and coniao alinement with it, into the passage 43. The impact of the fluid upon the forward face of the duct 64 will have a tendency to drive the rotor forward. vAs the fluid passes into passage 43 it will be deflected downward by the plates 44, and as the fluid emerges vfrom passage 47 it passes into one of the rotor buckets 71 on the outer bucket ring. The parts are so spaced. that when the nozzle outlet is in alinement with one of the ducts 64 the fluid will pass into thelarge bucket opening at the rear of the division wall therein and pass to the inner curved end of the bucket around the wall 75 and out at the bucket opening in advance of the division wall. In doing this not only is its direction of flowl reversed but the bucket isso formed that it provides a path progressively reduced in area so that while the engine is running the velocity of the fluid is decreased and a part of its kinetic energy is transformed into pressure `which acts against the pocket part of the bucket adjacent its curved wall -74, thus effectively propelling the rotor.

But if the rotor does not rotate, further movement of the motive fluid is arrested by the supplemental plate 45 so that all of t-he energy of the motive fluid is present as useful pressure. rI'hus the full force of the fluid is available for starting. It is to be noted that while one of the ducts 64 is in register with one of the nozzles 16, no motivefluid can. enter the other side of the rotor through one of the ducts 65. As soon as the rotor has advanced slightly-the fluid can esca-pe from the smaller end of the rotor bucket in which it'has been thus ent-rapped through thcvopening 48 into passage 50 and out through opening 49 into another of the outer series of rotor buckets. Here again the fluid enters the larger end of this bucket and vits direction of flow reversed and its velocity reduced therein if the rotor is revolving, or is entrapped in this bucket if the rotor nieves slowly until the forward side of this ne\t bucket has moved up to the eX- haust port 52, 53 through which it escapes int'o the chambers 22 out of which it is led 'through exhaust' connections 22 in the hollow 54 which turn some of it downward so that' it will pass through passage 50 and opening 51 into one of the rotor buckets of the inner buckets from which it can pass into the-eX- haust passages only after the rotor has advanced slightly. Here it also performs useful work in driving the rotor. The areas of the ports and buckets are so .proportioned and designed as to allow for the expansion of the motive fiuid so that it emerges through the exhaust ports under no pressure. In

other words, although its velocity is checked at different points along its pathv of travel, this path as. a whole is of increasing capacity in order to provide a free path for the expanding Huid. A slight advance of the rotor brings the nozzle 16 out of register with the duct 64 thereby cutting off its flow through the channels which have been pointed out, and into register with one of the oppositely directed ducts 65 and the operation above described will then take place on the opposite side of the rotor. Of course similar operations are also performed at each nozzle. and at each of the opposite sets of stator ports and passages. The various passages from the nozzles to the outlet ports on both sides of the rotor are constructed of serially increasing areas with the exception of the restrictions in the rotor buckets so that when the engine is running at normal speed, the paths for the fluid increase vin area inproportion to the eXpansion of the fluid." Consequently the kinetic energy of the fluid is changed from pressure into velocity and is not utilized as pressure except in starting the engine and-to a certain vextent in the buckets. AIt is to be noted that in addition to the impact impulses delivered to the rotor, itreceives other reaction impulses when the motive fluid escapes from the ducts '64, 65 against deflecting vanes 44, and from the buckets against defleeting vanes 54.

By this novel construction a high starting torque is obtained without waste of motive fluid, as the latter cannot be blown through the apparatus when it is at rest. It cannot -pass from the intake to the exhaust without moving therotor. Not only is a high starting torque obtained, but the engine runs ef'- ficiently at intermediate speeds and develops its full power at comparatively low speeds. Moreover, the engine is prevented from racing when runningpidle or under a light load. This is because of the fact that'as herein disclosed, the paths for the fluid are so designed that at normal speed they provide paths which enlarge to provide for the expansion of the motive Huid so that it may pass through the engine at full 'Y velocity. On account of this fact, if the rotor rotates at a higher rateof speedlthan that for which the apparatus is designed, these passages will be interrupted and free liow of the Huid checked.

The apparatus which I have shown to illustrate my invention is one having a horizontal shaft. When the shaft is vertical I prefer to provide larger fluid passages on the lower side of the rotor than those above it in order to counteractI the weight of the rotor and its connected parts. I have constructed other embodiments of my invention as it is capable of' wide modification, but have selected the particular form herein ducts on `he j invention.

Tfhat claim is:

l. n *ui-bine comprising a rotor having buckets ier at i for al 15. .'L a pluri plurality of buckets on the lateral sides thereof, the buck-ets on each side beingin circumferential alinement with each ther, an expansion nozzle directed obliquely to- Ward the periphery of the rotor, a plurality of curved directing ducts cut obliquely through the periphery of the rotor alternately leadin@ to opposite sides of the rotor, and a stator having intermediate expansion passages between said ducts and the rotor buckets.

4;. A turbine comprising a rotor having a plurality of buckets on the lateral sides thereof, the buckets on each side being in circumferential alinemcnt with each other,

an expansion nozzle directed obliquely to- Ward the periphery of tie rotor, a plurality of curved directing ducts cut obliquely through the periphery of the' rotor alternately leading to opposite sides of the rotor,

40 and a stator comprising side plates adjacent the lateral sides of the rotor, said plates being provided with intermediate expansion passages between said ducts and the lrotor buckets, and exhaust ports through both of said side lates in advance of the nozzle and said stator passages.

A turbine comprising a rotorhaving a plurality of buckets on the lateral sides thereof, a plurality of nozzles disposed about.

the periphery of the rotor directed obliquely toward the periphery of the rotor, a plurality of directing ducts on the periphery of the rotor alternately leading to opposite sides of the rotor, a stator having intermediate passages between said ductsand the rotor buckets, and exhaust ports through opposite sides of the stator in advance of each nozzle and its coperating stator passages.

6. A. turbine comprising a rotor having 50 buckets on the lateral sides thereof and directing ducts on its periphery, a stator sur rounding the sides and periphery of the ro'- tor, a nozzle arranged to direct an expansive motive fluid into said ducts, side passages in the stator' for leading said fluid from the on the ,lateral sides taereof, means 1 ntroducing motive lluid into vthe rotor g i directed tou'ard the periph' ierijihery, and a oluralitv of drets tcrnately directing said fluid to the 3,5 buck s on opposite sides of the rotor.

turl'iine comprising a rotor having' into areas`r the' bucke a path of progressively dec-reas tional areas from said stator p eghaust ports.

T. A turbine comprising a rotor having buckets on the lateral sides thereof di rccting ducts on its periphery, a stator surrounding the sides and periphery of the for, a nozzle arranged to direct an expansive motive fluid into said ducts, said stator being constructed with side passages for leading said fluid from the ducts into the buckots, and with outlet ports in advance of the nozzle, said nozzle and ducts and passages being of progressively enlarging cross-sec tional areasE the buckets being constructed to form a path for the motive fluid of progressively decreasing cross-sectional areas from said stator passages to the exhaust ports and to change the..directionof flow thereof,

S. fr turbine comprising a rotor having a et of buckets on the side thereof and a plurality of directingducts on its periphery, a stator having portions adjacent the side and periphery of the rotor, a nozzle through theA portion of the stator adjacentthe rotor pe riphery, said stator being constructed to form a passage through the portion thereof adjacent the side of the rotor, and an educ*- tion port, said ports being so disposed as to open a passage from the nozzle into the buckets at one position of the rotor, and to open a passage from the buckets to the eduction port at another position ofthe rotor. A y

9. A turbine comprising ,a rotor having buckets on the side thereof and a plurality of directing ducts on its periphery, a stator having portions adjacent the side of the rotor and its periphery, a nozzle through the portion of the stator adjacent the rotor periphery, the directingl ducts being successively in register with 'the nozzleduring the rotation of the rotor, said stator being constructed to form a passage arranged to lead the motive fluid from one of the ducts when the latter is in register with the nozzle to the rear end of one of the buckets, and witha Wall to close the forward end of the. bucket, and With an eduction passage in advance of said Wall.

l0. A turbine comprising a` rotor having buckets on the lateral sides thereof and a pluralit)T of directing ducts on its periphery alternately leading to opposite sides of the rotor, a stator havingportions adjacent the sides and peripherv of the rotor, a nozzle through the portion of the stator adjacent the rotor periphery, the `directing ducts being successively in register with the nozzle incarico during the rotation of the rotor, said stator being constructed to form passages on opposite sides of the rotor arranged to lead the motive fluid from one of the ducts when the latter is in register'with' the nozzle to the rear end of one of the buckets and with a a plurality of sets of buckets 0n each of the titl? sages between lateral sides thereof, and a plurality of direct-ing ducts oni its periphery alternately leading to opposite sides of the rotor, and

a stator having a nozzle for directing mo tire fluid into said ducts, and constructed to form intermediate passages between said ducts and one set of rotor buckets on each side of the rotor, and other passages between the different sets of ybuckets on each side of the rotor, and eduction ports opposite each set of buckets. e

l2. A turbine comprising ,a lrotor having a set of buckris on vthe side thereof and a plurality of directing ducts on its periphery, and a stator having portions adjacent the side and periphery of the rotor, a nozzle through the portion of the stator adjacent the rotor periphery, said stator being constructed to form a passage through the poi tion adjacent thc'side of the rotor, and an eductiou port; said nozzle(` ducts and passages forming with the buckets an intermittently interrupted path for the motive fluid, of progressively increasing cross-sectional arcas in the nozzle. ducts, passages and ports and cf progressively decreasing cross-sed tional area in said buckets.

13. A turbine comprising a rotor having a plurality of sets of buckets on each of the lateral sides thereof, and a plurality of directing ducts on its periphery alternately leading to opposite sides of the rotor, and a stator having a nozzle for directing motive fluid into said ducts, said stator being constructed to form intermediate passages between said ducts and one set of. rotor.

buckets on each side of the rotor, other pasthe dilferent sets of buckets on `each side of the rotor, and eduction ports opposite each set of buckets; said nozzle, ducts and passages forming with the buckets an intermittently interrupted path for the motive fluid, said path Abeing of progressively increasing'cross-sectional area 1n the nozzle, duet-s, passages and ports and of progressively decreasing cross-sectional areas in said buckets.

14. A turbine comprising a rotor having a plurality of directing ducts on its periphery alternately leading to opposite sides of the rotor, and a. stator constructed to form an annular chamber surrounding the rotor and with nozzle passages leading at intervals to said direc-ting ducts..

l5. A turbine comprising a rotor having buckets onthe sides thereof and a plurality of directing ducts on its periphery alternately leading to opposite sides of the rotor, and a stator constructed with nozzle passages leading to said directing ducts and with passages leading from said ducts to the rotor buckets.

16. A turbine comprising a `Ljotoinhaving buckets on the sides thereof and a plurality of directing ducts on its periphery alternately leading to opposite sides of the rotor,V

and a stator constructed to form an annular chamber surrounding the rotor, and nozzle passages leading at intervals to said directing ducts and with other passages at the si es of the rotor leading from said ducts to the rotor buckets.

17. A turbine comprising a rotor having buckets on the sides thereof anda plurality of directing ducts on its periphery alternately leading to opposite sides of the rotor, and a` stator -having a cylindrical portion surrounding the periphery of the rotor, and a. 1emovabletapered nozzle block having undercut edges. set into the cylindrical portion of t-hevstator and having its inner surface in alinement with the surface of said cylindrical portion of the stator said stator being constructed with passages at the sides of' llic rotor leading from said ducts to the rotor buciws.

18. A turbine comprising a rotor buckets on the sides thereof of directing ducts on'its nately leading to opposite sides of the rotor, and a stator comprising plates adjacent the sides of the rotor and having a cylindrical portion surrounding the periphery of the rotor; and a plurality of removable nozzle blocks having undercut edges, set into the cylindrical portion of the stator at equally spaced positions, with the inner surfaces of said blocks in alinement with the surface of said cylindrical port-ion of the stator, said nozzle blocks being held against transverse movement by said plates` said stator being constructedwith passages at the sides of the rotor leading from said ducts to the rotor buckets- 19. A 'turbine comprising a rotor having buckets on the sides thereof and a plurality of directing ducts on its periphery alterhaving and a. plurality .-nately leading to opposite sides of the rotti/r,

and a stator having a cylindrical portion lsurrounding the rotor, and plates at the sides ol the rotor: said stator plates lzeing constructed to form `passages intermediate l periphery alter said ducts and therotor buckets,'and having supplemental plates adjacent the sides of the said supplemental plates being conrotor 7 ports at the ends ot' said structed to form passages.

20. In a turbine, a rotor having an annular groove in the side thereof, a bucket-.ring constructed With buckets cut transversely therethrough, and with a blade partly dividing each bucket, aiiiXed to flanges arranged to close the ends of said buckets and .to form the inner and outer part of the, 'bucket-ring, said bucket ring being arranged to tit into the groove in the rot-0r'.

2l. In a turbine, a rotor having avplurality of annular grooves inthe side thereof, and a bucket-ring for each groove, said bucket-rings being relatively 4adjustable circumferentially.

22. ln a turbine, a rotor having a plurality of annular grooves in the side thereof, a plurality of bucket-ringsconstructed With buckets cut transversely therethrough, and

- rings being arranged `ity 'ing a curved Wall adapted to reverse the dil with a blade partly dividing each bucket,

rect-ion of flow of' motive fluid passing therethrough, and a Wall extending from the t side of the rotor into the bucket toward said curved Wall 'dividing the bucket into two communicating compartments of pro-.

gressively decreasing cross-sectional area.

In Witness whereof, l have hereunto set my hand this th day of May 1912.

nML ANDERsoN.

Witnesses v 'E B. GRAVES,

G.`R. QUIMBY.

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