US895477A

US895477A - Karl lexdrich

Info

Publication number: US895477A
Authority: US
Publication date: 1908-08-11
Anticipated expiration: 1925-08-11

Description

v UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

KARL LEXDRICH, OF HAMBURG, GERMAXY, ASSIGXOR TO HUGQLIEBER, OF NEW YORK, N. Y.

LIQUID soar AND PROCESS OF rnoncromo THE sum.

Specificationo! Letters Patent.

Patented Aug. '11, 1908.

Application filed April 5, 1901. Serial No. 366,494.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, Ixxnt. Lizxnatc'tt, a sub ect of the Empire of Germany, residing in Hamburg. Germany, have-invented cersition which is soluble-in and in which ether,

ligroiue, benzin, petroleum ether, gasolene,

petroleum. benzol, toluol. xylol, chloroform,

oil of tur entine, carbon bisultid, carbon teiItK'lIlOI'lt and organic compounds like these lluids are readily soluble in any proportion. and to the process of producing such soap or composition, and has for its object the many useful purposes for which. such son or com position is adapted and the many at vantages thereof.

.Most of the above mentioned organic compounds are of highly explosive nature; they also evaporate readily and possess great inllainmability. It is, moreover, exceedingly difficultto mix these organic compounds with other materials or to produce an emulsion thereof which will reduce the danger of explosion and of inflammability and prevent their quick evaporation. For the reasons stated and for other well known reasons, it has heretofore been almost impossible to use the above mentioned materials or organic compounds for purposes for which they could have been used with great advantage if theditliculties mentioned and referred to could have been overcome. By the aid'of the liquid soap or composition. which is the subject of this invention. a mixture of the soap or com )osition with the above mentioned materia s or organic compounds can be pro duced and this mixture can readily be emulsified in any proportion with a suitable substance orliquid. such as, especially. water.

The production of the solvent and soluble liquid soap according to this invention is ased upon the observation that the potassium compounds of the unsaturated fatty acids. and of these especially those of the linolic acid and linolenic acid. have. under certain conditions. the property of beingsolublc in the above mentioned organic fluids. The conditions necessary for this purpose exi t in the kind and quality of the -raw materials used for the production of these compounds and in the method itself of production.

Raw, materials to be considered are (1). Vegetable or animal oils, which are especially rich in compounds of the unsaturated, fatty acids and articulariy in linolic acid and linolenic aci or the free, fatty acids'eliminated out of sueh oils.

('2). A potash lye of a. certain concentra. tion and purity.

(3). Spirits such as alcohol or methyl a1 cohol of a certain strength.

From practical experience and extensive experiments, I have found that the followin raw materials are especially to be consideret in the production of the liquid soap (1). Refined corn oil or refined linseed oil.

('2). \Vatery potash lye containing, referablv fifty per cent. potassium by roxid, which mustbefree from sodium hydroxid and as free as possible from carbonates and ehlorids. Especially suitable is the fifty per cent. commercial potash lye made by the electrolytic process.

(3). Denatured spirits containing, preferably, not less than ninety-four per cent. in weight. of alcohohwhich may be denatured with benzin; methyl alcohol containing,

referably, not over ten per cent. acetone. b hits are preferable to methyl alcohol, since with the former the process is quicker and smoother.

By the use of the foregoing-substances, the productiop of the liquid soa without any use of artificial heat, is as fol ows;l00 parts by weight of corn oil or linseed oil and 62 parts by weight of denatured spirits with not less than 94}; by weight of alcohol are tho oughly mixed in a suitable, tightlvclosed vesseL-corresponding in size to the quantity of soap to e made, until an even emulsion is formed. A rotary drum or a stationary vessel with a mixing up status is well ada )ted for this purpose. T iereupon, 37 parts y weight of a watery, potash lye are added and the mixture is'a ain thoroughly mixed for a short time until a drawn sample shows a perfectly clear solution. The solution becomes clear after a very few minutes under heat generation. After this the soap is drawn off into vessels and should be kept standing for twenty-four hours longer in order to bring on a perfect saponificatiom ifter this the soap is ready for use.

Any material departure from these instructions is not advantageous to the soap and may impair its qualities and properties with respect to the solubility therein of the I above mentioned organic fluids and with respect to its solubility in said fluids; although,

as will be well understood, variations may be em )loyed without departing from the princip e of my invention.

The soap manufactured according to the above described process is almost neutral; at a temperature of over fifteen degrees Celsius is a thin fluid (becoming slightly like gelatin at a lower temperature, which can be quickly overcome through warming); and possesses the property of dissolving clear, in any proortion, the above mentioned organic fluids.

hose solutions of the organic compounds in the soap possess, furthermore, the roperty of producing, through mixture it water; exceedingly iine and durable emulsions.

In order to reduce especially durable and eifective emu sions, not less than ten er cent. of the fluid soa should be container in the organic fluids to e emulsified- The employment of the above mentioned organic fluids in the form of emulsions has many advantages over their direct emplo ment, and the means of such emulsions, t e flrfid soap, has no deteriorating efi'ects. The emulsion permits the organic fluids to be used in any strength of solution and the effects thereof, when in emulsions, are much greater than those which the substances would have when used. directly. The usually quick evaporation of the said organic fluids is considerably prolonged when in the form of. emulsions and is then not greater than that of water; by reason whereof the effects be come much greater than those of the fluids themselves. The penetrating power of the emulsions is also considerably greater than that of the organic fluids used directly, espeeially when used as germ destroyers for microbes on plants in the culture of forests, lands, and gardens.

are either lighter or heavier than water, it is recommended to make the emulsions, esp& cially when made in large quantities, 1n the following manner ;Two parts by wemht of the organic fluid to be emulsified, mixe with two-tenths part of the fluid soap, are thoroughly mixed with one part by weight of water, whereby a thick fluid emuls on 1s obtained, which is then poured in a thin stream into water, which is under constant stirring, until the desired dilution is obtained.

The emulsions of the above mentioned organic fluids or compounds made by means of the fluid soap, in accordance with this invention, are useful for many divers urposes. They may, for example, be empoyed for cleansing purposes and they are especially valuable, for the reasons above stated, for use as germ destroyers, being a plied in the form of a spray or other suitab e manner to trees, plants and other germ carrying ob ects.

Since the above mentioned organic fluids What I claim is;

l. A liquid soap, in which benzin is readily soluble, consisting of ingredients resulting from a mixture of suitable oil, spirits and potash lye, substantially as described.

2. A liquid soap, in which benzin is readily soluble, consisting of ingredients resulting from a mixture, approximately, of ICU parts by weight of suitaole oil, 62 parts by weight of spirits, and 37 parts by weight of potash lye, substantially as described.

3. A liquid soap, in which ben'zin is readily soluble, consisting of ingredients resulting from a mixture of suitable vegetable oil, alcohol and potash lye, substantially free from sodium hydroxid and from carbonates and chloride, substantially as described.

4. A liquid soap, in which bcnzin is readily soluble, consisting of ingredients r'csultin r from a mixture of oil, rich in com- Ypounrs of the unsaturated, fatty acids,

spirits and potash lye, substantially free from sodium hydroxid and from carbonates and chlorids, substantially as described.

5. A liquid soap, in which benzin is readily soluble, consisting of ingredients rc sulting from a mixture of suitable oil, rich in compounds of the unsaturated, fatty acids, spirits and potash lye, containing fifty percent. potassium hydroxid substantially free from sodium hydroxid and from carbonates and chlorids, substantially as described.

6. A liquid soap, readily soluble in benzin, consisting of ingredients resulting from a mixture of suitable oil, spirits and potash lye, substantially as described.

7. A liquid soap, readily soluble in benzin, consisting of ingredients resulting from a mixture, approximately, of 100 parts by weight of suitable oil, 62 parts by weight of spirits, and 37 parts by weight of potash lye, substantially as described.

8. A liquid soap in which benzin is readily soluble having 'an organic compound such as benzin dissolved in it and consisting of ingredients resulting from a mixture of suitable oil, spirits and potash lye, substantially as described.

9. A liquid soap in which benzin is readily soluble having an organic compound such as benzin dissolved in it and consisting of ingredients resulting from a mixture, approximately, of 100 parts by weight of suitable oil, 62 parts by weight of spirits, and 37 parts by weight of potash lye,substuutiully as described.

10. A liquid soap readily soluble in benzin, dissolved in an organic compound such as benzin and consisting of ingredients resulting from a mixture of suitable oil, spirits and potash lye, substantially as dcscribcd.

11. A liquid soap readily solublc in benzin, dissolved in an organic compound such as bcnzin and consisting of ingredients resuiting from a mixture, appriniimutely, of

l l l 12. The process of makin a liquid soap in which benzin is readily solu le, consisting in mixing, a )proximately, 100 parts by weight of a suita 9 oil with 62 parts by welght of spirits and adding to the mixture 37 parts by wei 'htof scri ed.

13. The process of malain a liquid soap in which benzm is readily soluble, consisting in mixing, approximately and without the use heat, 100 parts by weight of a potash lyc substantially as deof artlficia suitable oil with 62 parts by weight of spirits and adding to the mixture 37 parts by weight of potash ye,substantially as described.

14. The process of dissolving an organic I compound such as benzm m a liquid soap. CODSISlLIHg in making a liquid soap in winch benzin is readily soluble, by mixing, approximately, 100 parts by weight of a suitable oil with 62 parts by weight of spirits and adding to the mixture 37 parts by weight of potash lye and then mixing the organic compound with the liquid soap, substantially as described.

15. The process of roducing, by means of a. liquid soap, an emu sion of an organic compound such as Ibenzin, consisting in making a lit 1nd soap in which benzm 1S readily soluble, y mixing. up roximately. 100 parts by weight of a suita le oil with 6'2 parts by weight of spirits and adding to the mixture 37 parts by weight of potash lye, then mixing the organic compound with the liquid soap and then adding to said mixture and mixin therewith water, substantially as described 16. A liquid soap readily soluble in benzin, consisting of ingredients resulting from a mixture of suitable oil, spirits and otash lye, dissolved in an organic compo-uni such as benzin, and mixed with water, substan-' tially as described.

17. A liquid soap in which benzin is readily soluble, consisting of irwredients resulting from a mixture of suitab ie oil, spirits and potash lye, having dissolved in it an organic compound, such as benzin, and mixed with water, substantially as described.

In witness whereof, I have set my hand to this specification in the presence of two subscribing witnesses, this sixth day of March KARL LENDRICH. Witnesses:

WILHELM LIXDXER,

\ERNEST H. L LIUMNIENHOFF: