US1330173A - Oil and soap solution and process of making same - Google Patents

Description

JUDSON A. DE CEW, OF MONTREAL, QUEBEC, CANADA.

OIL AND SOAP SOLUTION AND PROCESS OF MAKING SAME.

No Drawing.

T 0 all whom it may concern Be it known that I, JUnsoN A. DE CEW, a subject of the King of Great Britain, and resident of the city of Montreal, in the Province of Quebec and Dominion of Canada, have invented certain new and useful Improven'ients in Oil and Soap Solutions and Processes of Making Same, of which the following is a full, clear, and exact description.

This invention relates to a new composition which may be used for a variety of purposes, such as the lubricating of cutting tools, the treatment of wool, leather, etc., in the process of manufacture, or for any purposes where it is desired to obtain a lubrieating or softening efi'ect by the use of an oily or aqueous material.

The first step in the process of making this solution is to dissolve an oil which may be either mineral or vegetable, or a mixture of same, in a concentrated soap solution. This solution may be obtained by stirring the oil carefully into a hot soap. The amount of oil which may be dissolved will vary with the character of the oil or soap used; for example, the soap solution will dissolve more of the vegetable or animal oil than it will of mineral oil and an ammonia or potash soap has more solvent power than a soda soap. It is essential. however, that the oil be actually dissolved in the soap and'also that no more soap be. used for this purpose than is necessary. It. the oil does not go into perfect solution in the concentrated soap. then it cannot be in solution in the diluted soap.

On the other hand, it a large quantity of soap is used, such as is required when no diluting system is available, then the efficiency of the diluted product is considerably lower, because all the valuable properties of the product result from the properties of the oil in the solution and not from the properties of the soap solvent. Compounds such as above described are being made and used but they are only partially soluble in water. They can sometimes be diluted without immediate decomposition in about ten volumes of hot water, but the products obtained are not uniform and are unstable. In such compositions also it is necessary to use a larger proportion of the solvent Soap than is required to effect the solution of the oil in the concentrated soap solution. The result is that the diluted solution con- Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented Feb. 10, man.

Application filed February 25, 1918. Serial No. 219,135.

tains a larger proportion of soap than is necessary. The result which I have obtained by the use of an etlicient diluting system is to be able to dilute onepart of the concentrated solution in approximately titty parts of wate without decomposing the solution or causing the separation of any material part of the oil from solution. The oil remaining in the diluted product is in the form of a colloid or extremely stable emulsion and is stable at ordinary temperatures for a suflicient length of time for all commercial purposes.

The method which I employ in diluting a concentrated material to obtain the solutions above described may be illustrated in U. S. reissue patent to llrturt No. 12,549, or any similar apparatus, such for instance as is shown in my U. S. application, Serial Number 195,607. The tank containing the composition of oils and soap c. the concentrated solution) is heated and the prodnot is passed tlurough a suitable injecting or emulsifying device, through which hot water is forced under pressure. The mix ture is instantly dissolved in the hot water with which it comes in contact and before any separation can take place between the oil and the solvent, it is blown directly into col d water. The material is thereby converted by the two successive operations which follow each other very rapidly, into a cool stable colloidal .solution, in which the tendency toward decomposition is very slight.

As illustrating the operation of this system on a small scale, I take four gallons of the mixture of oil and its solvent, diluted under pressure with approximately twenty gallons of hot water, and discharge it immediately into two hundred and thirty gallons of cold water.

In my composition. I use an amount of soap equal to approximately 10% to 25% ot' the. weight of the oil, these amounts varying with the kind of oil and soap used. All of these compositions, if diluted directly in cold water, would torm very coarse unstable emulsions having very little etlieieney and if diluted to the full extent directly with hot water would be very unstable, so that they would separate into a coarse emulsion within a short time, for example, it the 47, 231- lons of concentrated soap-oil solution were thoroughly mixed with 250 gallons of hot water, and the liquid then allowed to stand and cool, a large part of the oil would sepamy process of dilution, I maintain practi- 4 cally the state of solution obtained by combination in the concentrated state. lutions are more'dilute than any which can be obtained by direct dilution and in my invention practically no separation of oils takes place on standing.

The expressionfoil of the fatty 'series, as hereinafter used, is intended to cover mineral oils (which consist essentially of hydrocarbons of. the fatty series) and fatty oils (which consist essentially of esters of fatty acids). I do not claim herein soaps containing aromatic hydrocarbon materials (tar which is not fatty, or benzol, toluol,

The soetc., which are not oils), nor the distinc tively aromatic oils.

Having thus described my invention, what I claim is v v A process of making stable emulsions from a blend of oil and soap without the use of alcohol or other chemicals, which consists in' v compounding the oil with approximately 25% of its weight of soap by means of heat,

discharging the compound while hot into hot water under pressure, and then discharging the mixture into cold water.

In witness whereof, I have hereunto set