US894927A - Fluid-pressure turbine. - Google Patents

Description

No. 894,927, PATENTED AUG. 4, 1908.

' e. WESTINGHOUSE. FLUID PRESSURE TURBINE. APPLICATION 11,311 PEBIIIZ, 1004.

3 SHBETSf'SHEET 1.

WITNESSES:

EAT NTED AUG. 4, 1908. G. WESTINGHOUSE.

E'LUID PRESSURE TURBINE. APPLIUATION FILED 1'33 12 1904.

' 3sHEETssHEET 2.

YQ/HOSSM No. 394,927. PATENTED AUG. 4, 1908.

' G. WESTINGHOUSE.

FLUID PRESSURE TURBINE.

APPLICATION FILED FEB. 12. 1904 3 snms snnm a.

WITNESSES? UNIT D sTATEs PATENT OFFICE.

GEORG WESTINGHOUSE, or rITTsBURe, PENNSYLVANIA, ASSIGNOR TO THE WEST- INGHOUSE MACHINE coMPANY, A CORPORATION OF PENNSYLVANIA.

f ELuIn-PnEssunn'runBmE.

Patented Aug. 4, 1908.

- ncauon mea February '12, 1904. Serial No. 193,354.

To all whom "it may concern: v Be it known, that I, GEORGE WESTING- HOUSE, a citizen ofthe United States, and a resident of 'Pittsburg, in the county of Allegheny and State of Pennsylvania, have invented a new and useful Improvement in Fluid-Pressure Turbines, of which the iol' lowing is a specification. p p My invention relates to fluid pressure turbines, and it has for its object to provide an engine of this character which shall efiectually and economically utilize the energy of expanding fluids and'which shall be simple and compact'in structure and relatively inexpensive to manufacture as compared with heretofore known types.

a 7 My invention 1s illustrated inthe accompanying drawings, in which Figure 1 is a vertical longitudinal section I of a turbine constructed in accordance-there with. A Fig. 2 is a vertical section on line II A 'II of Fig; 1. Fig. 3 is an enlarged, sectional view of a portion of the rim of the rotatable member. Fig. 1 is a view, partially in side elevation and partiall I the rotatablemember thereof.

.means'of steam and, for convenience .of description, will be referred to as a-steam tu r bine, but it-isv not limited. to such specific useto the exclusion offothers whichilt may be es found feasibleto em loy in practice.

As illustrated int e drawings, the frame 1 v of the engine com rises acylindrical casin 2 and in'closing en brackets 3 provided with I suitable bearing housings 4- and 5 "for the bearings .6 and 17 0t theshaft S -upon which the rotating member 9 is mounted. inlet port 10 opens'into achamber11 from which steam is supplied, through'a passage 12,. to the di'schar e nozz1es;.1 3 whic ferenti'ally" isposed directly over'the center :line. 1140f the rotatable member '9. 'These nozzles or ex anjsionj passages 13-aremade of such size: an shape and are set at such angles to, the tangents to the circumference of the 'so member'9'as to insure satisfactory'ex'tpans ion of the fluid and suitable'im act of t e-same -on the buckets. While I ave shown the nozzles grouped at the up e1"- side of the cas-:

I a in section, ofa turb ne embodylng a mo 1116811101101 my invent1on, and Fig. 5 1s a vlew, mend elevatlon, of

. and opposite to the series of grooves 21,but, 'if'desired,the said grooves may be rovided are circumpartitions, but it is to be understood that the .-'if desired, be so provided.

rotatable member many other desired manner and that any number of nozzles from one to a full circumferential set may be employed.

The rim '15 of the rotatable member 9 is provided wlth peripheral grooves 16, 17, 18 g and 19, the .curvil1near, wedge-shaped por, tion 20 forming the wall between the grooves 16 and 17 being located on the center line 14 of the wheel, dlrectly beneath the nozzles 13. It is to be noted that the-grooves l8 and 19 are of materially lar er dimensions'tha'n the grooves 16'and 17, m order to compensate or the reduced velocity'of the steam after it leaves the nozzles 13. Although I have shown only tWo sets of such grooves, it is to 7b be understood that any other number may be em loyed which will satisfactorily utilize the ve ocity of the steam. On both sides of the central grooves 16', 17, 18, and 19, are series of grooves 21, which also increase in dimensions with the distance'from the nozzles 1 13 in order to allow for the further expansion of the steam after it has acted upon the rotatable member in the grooves 16,17 18 and 19.

The iniierv periphery of the casing 218 provided, on both sides of the nozzles 13, With' peripheral grooves 22 corresponding to'those 'ln-the rim15of therotatable member, but

displaced laterally with. reference thereto, ,passages 22 permitting of the distribution of the steam about the circumference of the rotatable member. Collars 'or rings 23, properly-secured in the casing 2, are provided. with grooves 24 corresponding with in the-casing itself without depart ng from. thejspirit of the invention. I v v 1 In order to form buckets and guide vanes,

longitudinal slots 24'fintersecting the grooves are provided respectively in the rim 15 of the rotatable member, in' the casing 2 and in the collars '23, andpartition strips or blades 25 are inserted and secured therem' by calking or in any other suitable manner. I have found it convenient, however, to provide only the portions of the periphery ofthe casing 2'- Which are nearest the nozzles '13 with such whole or an fraction of the eri herymay,

y C The aiigleswhich the partitions25 make with the tangents to the periphery of the rotatable member 9, and the form and dimensions of the grooves inthe rim '15, the casing 2 and the collars 23 11c may be readily determined by those skilled in the art and are such that the velocity of the steam may be most effectually and economically utilized.

In order to further utilize the energy of the steam after it has left the buckets, I have provided circumferential sets of blades 26 at the ends of the rim 15 of the rotatable member and correspondin sets of guide vanes 27 'at'the ends of the collars 23, the blades and vanes being constructed and arranged in ac panded in the nozzles 13 and is discharged,

at high velocity, into the buckets in the peripheral grooves 16 and 17, b Y which its direction is reversed, and it is t en discharged into the grooves 22 in the casing 2 and, subsequently, into the distributing passages 22 i the velocity thereof attained in the nozzles being given up to the rotatable member.

From the distributing passages 22, the

steam passes through a series of pressure drops in the grooves 21 and 24, the velocity thereof being abstracted at each step,and after operating u on the blades 26 and the vanes 27, it is ischarged into the exhaust chamber 28 and from thenceinto the exhaust port 29.

In order to and, at the same time, to ermit of free rotation of the shaft, I provi e the shaft 8 with sets of flanges or collars 30, in the grooves between which any "suitable packing material 31 may be em loyed. Packing rings 32, having Lshape cross-sections, surround the said collars and packing material, their annular surfaces bearing respectively u on stationary Babbitt wearing rmgs 34 an rotatable wearing rings 35. pressure being exerted upon the rings 35 by means of springs 36, substantially as shown. Similarly, packing rings 37 bear upon Babbitt wearing rings 37 in the outside of the end brackets 3, pressure being exerted by springs 38 to insure good contact between sa1d arts. 7

In orderto provi e for longitudinal adjustment of the rotatable member 9, the

bearing 7 is constructed in two parts, each having flanges 39' which intermesh with 1 flanges 40 on the shaft 8. Secured to one 55.

bolt 42 whic end of the upper half 41 of the bearing 7, is a threading in the end 43 ofthe bearing housing '5, bears on shaft 8 may be moved longitudinally in one direction, and in the other direction by means of the bolt 44.

One end of the shaft is provided with a worm 46, which meshes with a gear 47- at one prevent leakage of the steam end of a spindle 48 carrying, at its upper end, a ball governor 49, though it is obvious that the governor may be of any other desired ty e or may be operated in any other suitab e manner. If the speed of the turbine increases above the normal, the collar 50 is raised, thereby operating a bell crank lever 51 one end of which is connected, by means of links 52 or in any other suitable manner, to the free ends of piston rods 53, and pistons 54 close one or more of the expansion passages or nozzles 13. B means of this arrangement, the speed 0 the turbine is governed and maintained practicall constant.

While I have shown the nozz es as individually 1provided with pistons for governing the sup y of steam thereto, it is to be understood t at, if desired, the'structure may be so modified as to permit a single piston or valve to effect the same result.

In Fig. 4, I have shown, as a modification of my invention, a turbine comprising a rotatable disk 55 having concentric, annular grooves 56 in one face and radial partition strips 58 set at the proper angles, and an adjacent casing 59 similarly provided with concentric, annular grooves and radial partition strips. Steam is introduced through the nozzles 60 near the center of the disk, and during its passage from the center to the circumference, impartskinetic energy thereto.

' Both sides of the disk may be provided with threads in the end 43 of the bearing housing 5, while a bolt 44, also the end of the lower half 45 of he bearing. By means ofthe bolt 42, the F concentric, annular grooves and a lurality of disks may be mounted upon the same shaft, if desired.

Certain of the features of the construction of the turbine may be altered and other ar- 'rangements of parts may be employed, if desired or convenient, and the,deta1ls of construction of the engine as a whole may be otherwise varied from what is shown wlthin the range of the knowledge of those skilled in the art without departing from the scope of my invention.

- The partitions 25 referred to obviously must be placed close enough together and at such an an le as to insure the proper action and reaction of the steam as it passes from roove to groove. They are preferabl in a ine parallel with the axis, but it wou d not be a departure from my invention to arrange them in a slightly spiral direction.

The arrangement of the form of blade described has the effect of entraining any steam E that tends to leak longitudinally in such a I manner as to cause such leakage to act effectively along with the steam which en- Ltrains it.

When the engine is intended for use for marine purposes; a separate short drum containing the impulse part referred to under numerals -13, 16, 17 18, 19 and 20 may be 'put in a cylindrical extension, but so arranged that when steam is admitted to this portion insteadof to the central jets, the

member adjacent thereto, each shaft oft/the engine will revolve in the opposite directi0n.- 4 a I claimas my invention:

1. In an elastic fluid turbine, a. stationary member provided with a plurality of se arately-controlled. inlet ports, arotata le .of said members being provided with annular sets of grooves and intersecting partitions cocperating therewithto form buckets, the dimen' sion of the rooves increasing with'the dis tance from t e inlet nozzles.

2. In an elastic fluid turbine, a stationary ernor-controlled inlet ports, a, rotatable member adjacent thereto, each of said mem-' here being provided with ,annular'sets of grooves and intersecting partitions. cocper 'ating therewithto form buckets, the 'dimensionsxof said grooves increasing'withthe distancefrom said nozzles.

3. In an, elastic fluid turbine, a stationary member provided witha motive fluid inlet, a

1 rotatable member adjacent thereto, each of said members being rovided with sets of annular grooves and intersecting partitions cooperating therewith to-form buckets, the dimensions of said grooves increasing'with the distance from the inlet openings, and the set or sets nearest said'ope'nin'gs comprising .a

. number of grooves of larger dimensions than adapted to fractionally expan the fluid disthe succeeding sets. V

4. In an elastic fluid turbinea rotatable member having annular sets-of. buckets, formed by annular rooves. and intersecting strips, adapted to a stract the energy from' the motive fluid suppliedvto said turbine' by impact, and blades located ad'acent' thereto charge from said buckets and abstract the available energy by impact and reaction.

5. In an elasticv fluid turbine, a plurality of l separatel -controlled fluid nozzles adapted to partia ly convert the pressure energy of the motive fluid into velocity energy, a plurality ofannular grooves formed in the rotor' .of said turbine and adapted to abstract'th'e available energy by impact, and means for fractionally expanding the motive fluid: discharged from said grooves; and abstracting the available energy b 'im act and reaction.

6. In an elastic-flui tur ine, a'plurality of sep arately-controlled fluid nozzles, a lurality of annular'sets of buckets formed yan nular grooves and, intersecting strips adapted to receive motive fluid from said nozzles and a series of alternate rows of moving blades 'vided with a ripheral rooves on eachside ofsaid dischar ing no'zz es and rows of stationary variesa and stationary vanes ada ted to receive the fluid discharged-from sai buckets. I

' 7. In a fluid urality of inwardly-discharges, a plurality of ,rows of pe- .jacel l?v rt each set of grooves, a turbine rotor pressure turbine, a stator pro-.

- from the nozzle provided in the stator and with annular grooves alternating in position with the grooves annular rows of blades alternating with the stator vanes. I

8'. A flu1d pressure turbine comprising a stationary member having a lurahty of di-' I vergentnozzles and a rotatab e member adjacent thereto, each of said members being .providedwith a plurality of annular grooves adjacent to said nozzles which increase in dimensions with: the distance from the nozzles, and intersecting partitions, set at an angle-with corresponding radial blades, 00-- operating therewith to form annular sets of 'buckets,' and a series of grooves adjacent to 7 said plurality of grooves which also increase in dimension with the distance from said nozzles.

fluid nozzles adapted to partially convert the Elessu-re energy 'etic energyun the form of velocity, a plurality-of annular sets of peripheral .buc ets adapted vto partially abstract the energy byimpact, and alternate rows of moving blades and stationary vanes ada ted to Tractionally expand the motive fluid discharged from said buckets and to abstract the available by; impact and reaction,

'10-. A fluid-pressure turbine comprising a stationary member provided with one or more nozzle openings, a plurality of annular grooves located on both sides of the nozzle openings and increasing in dimensions with t e distance therefrom and a series of grooves on both sides of the said plurality of grooves which also increase in dimensions with the distance-from the nozzles, and an adjacent rotatable member having eripheral grooves corresponding tothose in til casing but alter- "nating in position therewith, both ofsaid members being provided with partitions intersecting'the grooves therein which cooperate therewith to form annular sets of bucket s. 11. A fluid-pressure turbine comprising a stationary member having one or more nozzle openin s therein-and'a rotatable memberadjacent t ereto, each of said members being rovided' with sets of annular grooves and intersecting partitions coeperating therewith to form buckets, the dimensions of the groovesincreasing with the distance from the nozzle openings and the set or sets nearest the said openings being oflarger dimensions than the succeeding set or sets. 7

12. A fluid-pressure turbinecomprising a stationary member havin'g'oneor more nozzle openings therein and a rotatable meme beradjacent thereto, each of said members being provided with sets of annular grooves and intersecting partitions cooperating therewith to form buckets, the dimensions =9. In an elastic fluid turbine, a plurality of of the motive fluid into- Y r energy -of thelgrooves increasing with the distance I 14. In an elastic fluid turbine, a rotatablemember provided with a lurality of annular sets of peripheral buc ets, in combination with alternate annular rows of radially extending stationary vanes and rotatin blades'adaptcd to receive the motive flui delivered by said buckets.

15. In an elastic fluid turbine, a rotatable member provided with a plurality of peripheral buckets, in combination with alternate annular rows of radially extending stationary vanes and rotating blades.

16. In an elastic fluid turbine, a rotating 1 member provided with a' lurality of annular sets of peripheral buc ets, in combina tion with annular rows of stationary vanes and moving blades.

17. In an elastic fluid turbine, a fluid nozzle adapted to partially convert the pressure energy of the motive fluid into kinetic energy, a plurality of annular sets of. pe-

\ ripheral buckets adapted to abstract the available ener from the motive fluid by impact, and a ternate annular rows of sta' tionary vanes and moving blades arranged to fractionally expand the motive fluid discharged from said buckets and abstract the available energy by impact and reaction.

18. In'an elastic fluid turbine, a fluid inlet nozzle adapted to partially convert the pressure energy of the motive fluid into kinetic energy in the form of fluid velocity,

in combination with a rotatablemember provided with a plurality of annular sets of peripheral buckets and alternate annular rows of stationary vanes and moving blades.

19. In an elastic fluid turbine, means for partially converting the pressure and thermal energy of the motive fluid into kinetic energy in the form of velocity, a lurality of peripheral buckets adapted to abstract the available energy of the motive fluid, and al-. ternate annular rows of stationary vanes and moving blades arranged to abstract the available energy of the motive fluid discharged from said buckets.

20. In combination in an elastic fluid turbine, annular rows of peripheral buckets and alternate rows of stationary vanes and moving blades.

21. In combination in an elastic fluid turbine, annular rows of'coo crating moving and stationary peripheral buckets, and alternate rows of stationary vanes and moving blades.

22. In an elastic fluid turbine, in combination with means for partially converting the pressure and thermal energy of the motive fluid into kinetic energy in the form of velocity, a doubleflow stage comprising peripheral buckets adapted to abstract the available energy of the motive fluid and to deliver the motive fluid in two separate streams toward each end of the turbine, and

alternate annular rows of stationary vanes and moving blades located on each side of said buckets and-ada ted to abstract the available energy of t e motive fluid discharged from said buckets.

In testimony whereof, I have hereunto subscribed my name this 25th day of January, 1904.

GEO. WESTINGHOUSE.

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