US8873997B2 - Method for bias member charging a photoreceptor - Google Patents

Method for bias member charging a photoreceptor Download PDF

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Publication number
US8873997B2
US8873997B2 US13/684,617 US201213684617A US8873997B2 US 8873997 B2 US8873997 B2 US 8873997B2 US 201213684617 A US201213684617 A US 201213684617A US 8873997 B2 US8873997 B2 US 8873997B2
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US
United States
Prior art keywords
charging member
bias charging
photoreceptor
bias
surface portion
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Fee Related, expires
Application number
US13/684,617
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English (en)
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US20140147163A1 (en
Inventor
Yu Liu
Johann Junginger
Gaetano J Lavigne
Gregory McGuire
Vladislav Skorokhod
Nan-Xing Hu
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Xerox Corp
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Xerox Corp
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Publication date
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Priority to US13/684,617 priority Critical patent/US8873997B2/en
Assigned to XEROX CORPORATION reassignment XEROX CORPORATION ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: HU, NAN-XING , ,, JUNGINGER, JOHANN , ,, LAVIGNE, GAETANO J, ,, LIU, YU , ,, MCGUIRE, GREGORY , ,, SKOROKHOD, VLADISLAV , ,
Priority to JP2013231787A priority patent/JP6155172B2/ja
Publication of US20140147163A1 publication Critical patent/US20140147163A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US8873997B2 publication Critical patent/US8873997B2/en
Expired - Fee Related legal-status Critical Current
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03G—ELECTROGRAPHY; ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY; MAGNETOGRAPHY
    • G03G15/00—Apparatus for electrographic processes using a charge pattern
    • G03G15/02—Apparatus for electrographic processes using a charge pattern for laying down a uniform charge, e.g. for sensitising; Corona discharge devices
    • G03G15/0208—Apparatus for electrographic processes using a charge pattern for laying down a uniform charge, e.g. for sensitising; Corona discharge devices by contact, friction or induction, e.g. liquid charging apparatus
    • G03G15/0216—Apparatus for electrographic processes using a charge pattern for laying down a uniform charge, e.g. for sensitising; Corona discharge devices by contact, friction or induction, e.g. liquid charging apparatus by bringing a charging member into contact with the member to be charged, e.g. roller, brush chargers
    • G03G15/0233—Structure, details of the charging member, e.g. chemical composition, surface properties
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03G—ELECTROGRAPHY; ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY; MAGNETOGRAPHY
    • G03G13/00—Electrographic processes using a charge pattern
    • G03G13/02—Sensitising, i.e. laying-down a uniform charge
    • G03G13/025—Sensitising, i.e. laying-down a uniform charge by contact, friction or induction
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03G—ELECTROGRAPHY; ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY; MAGNETOGRAPHY
    • G03G15/00—Apparatus for electrographic processes using a charge pattern
    • G03G15/02—Apparatus for electrographic processes using a charge pattern for laying down a uniform charge, e.g. for sensitising; Corona discharge devices
    • G03G15/0208—Apparatus for electrographic processes using a charge pattern for laying down a uniform charge, e.g. for sensitising; Corona discharge devices by contact, friction or induction, e.g. liquid charging apparatus
    • G03G15/0216—Apparatus for electrographic processes using a charge pattern for laying down a uniform charge, e.g. for sensitising; Corona discharge devices by contact, friction or induction, e.g. liquid charging apparatus by bringing a charging member into contact with the member to be charged, e.g. roller, brush chargers
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03G—ELECTROGRAPHY; ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY; MAGNETOGRAPHY
    • G03G15/00—Apparatus for electrographic processes using a charge pattern
    • G03G15/02—Apparatus for electrographic processes using a charge pattern for laying down a uniform charge, e.g. for sensitising; Corona discharge devices
    • G03G15/0208—Apparatus for electrographic processes using a charge pattern for laying down a uniform charge, e.g. for sensitising; Corona discharge devices by contact, friction or induction, e.g. liquid charging apparatus
    • G03G15/0216—Apparatus for electrographic processes using a charge pattern for laying down a uniform charge, e.g. for sensitising; Corona discharge devices by contact, friction or induction, e.g. liquid charging apparatus by bringing a charging member into contact with the member to be charged, e.g. roller, brush chargers
    • G03G15/0225—Apparatus for electrographic processes using a charge pattern for laying down a uniform charge, e.g. for sensitising; Corona discharge devices by contact, friction or induction, e.g. liquid charging apparatus by bringing a charging member into contact with the member to be charged, e.g. roller, brush chargers provided with means for cleaning the charging member
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03G—ELECTROGRAPHY; ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY; MAGNETOGRAPHY
    • G03G15/00—Apparatus for electrographic processes using a charge pattern
    • G03G15/02—Apparatus for electrographic processes using a charge pattern for laying down a uniform charge, e.g. for sensitising; Corona discharge devices
    • G03G15/0258—Apparatus for electrographic processes using a charge pattern for laying down a uniform charge, e.g. for sensitising; Corona discharge devices provided with means for the maintenance of the charging apparatus, e.g. cleaning devices, ozone removing devices G03G15/0225, G03G15/0291 takes precedence

Definitions

  • This disclosure relates generally to a bias charge member, and more particularly, concerns vibrating a bias charge member in a printing apparatus.
  • a photoconductive member In a typical electrophotographic printing process, a photoconductive member is charged to a substantially uniform potential so as to sensitize the surface thereof. The charged portion of the photoconductive member is exposed to a light image of an original document being reproduced.
  • Exposure of the charged photoconductive member selectively dissipates the charges thereon in the irradiated areas.
  • This records an electrostatic latent image on the photoconductive member corresponding to the informational areas contained within the original document.
  • the latent image is developed by bringing a developer material into contact therewith.
  • the developer material comprises toner particles adhering triboelectrically to carrier granules.
  • the toner particles are attracted from the carrier granules to the latent image forming a toner powder image on the photoconductive member.
  • the toner powder image is then transferred from the photoconductive member to a copy sheet.
  • the toner particles are heated to permanently affix the powder image to the copy sheet.
  • a bias charge roller In printing machines such as described above, a bias charge roller (BCR) is increasingly used as the major charging apparatus in xerographic systems due to environment friendliness and excellent charging performance. Most BCRs are contacting the photoconductive member or photoreceptor, but some manufacturers use a non-contact type BCR.
  • a contact BCR provides several advantages over traditional scorotron charging: a) uniform and stable charging; b) reduced emissions of ozone or other corona by-products; c) lower AC/DC voltage supply requirements; and d) reduced service maintenance.
  • the contact BCR will suffer from toner/additive contamination over many printing cycles and it is widely accepted that direct-contact BCRs increase the wear rate of the photoconductive member, reducing overall service life of both BCR and the photoconductive member.
  • the non-contact BCR addresses these issues but demands other engineering trade-offs, such as increased knee voltage, i.e., V AC to stabilize charging with an increased wear rate associated.
  • U.S. Pat. Nos. 8,126,344; 7,711,285; 7,526,243; 7,266,338; 7,079,786; 6,836,638; 6,470,161 are all directed to using vibration-assisted cleaning systems that vibrate at a high frequency to alleviate the adherence of particles trapped on the cleaning surface of a photoreceptor, as well as, reduce damage on the photoreceptor surface due to relaxation time provided by the vibration.
  • Examples of bias charge rollers or brushes are shown in U.S. Pat. Nos. 7,177,572 and 6,022,660.
  • FIG. 1 schematically illustrates a xerographic device that includes a bias charging member
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic elevational view depicting vibration assisted bias charging unit with pulsed contact with the photoreceptor of the xerographic device of FIG. 1 ;
  • FIG. 3A is a chart showing a charging curve resulting from a bias charging roll charging roll in static contact with a rotating photoreceptor
  • FIG. 3B is a chart showing visibly distorted charging curves resulting from a bias charging roll pulsed at a driving frequency of 0.5 Hz as related with non-uniform charging;
  • FIG. 3C is a chart showing a visibly distorted charging curves resulting from a bias charging roll pulsed at a driving frequency of 50 Hz as related with non-uniform charging;
  • FIG. 3D is a chart showing results of a bias charging roll pulsed at a driving frequency of 200 Hz and an appearance of uniform charging;
  • FIG. 3E is a chart showing a photoreceptor surface that is stably charged the same as the in-contact mode shown in FIG. 3A resulting from a bias charging roll pulsed at a driving frequency of 1500 Hz;
  • FIG. 4 is a chart showing knee curves of a contact bias charge roll in comparison with a vibration-assisted bias charge roll.
  • an electronic document or an electronic or optical image of an original document or set of documents to be reproduced may be projected or scanned onto a charged surface 12 of a photoreceptor drum 10 to form an electrostatic latent image, although photoreceptors in the form of a belt are also known, and may be substituted therefor.
  • the drum includes a photoconductive substrate deposited on a conductive substrate and moves in the direction of arrow 16 to advance successive portions thereof sequentially through the various processing stations disposed about the path of movement thereof.
  • Motor 24 rotates roll 22 to advance the drum in the direction of arrow 16 .
  • Drum 10 is coupled to motor 24 by suitable means such as a drive.
  • a corona generating device in the form of a bias charging roller which is indicated generally by the reference numeral 26 connected to a high voltage power supply 28 , charges the drum 10 to a selectively high uniform electrical potential, preferably negative.
  • the drum 10 passes through imaging station B where a ROS (Raster Output Scanner) 36 may lay out the image in a series of horizontal scan line with each line having a specific number of pixel per inch.
  • the ROS 36 may include a laser (not shown) having a rotating polygon mirror block associated therewith.
  • the ROS 36 exposes the photoconductive surface 12 of the drum 10 .
  • the printing machine may alternatively be a light lens copier.
  • a document to be reproduced is placed on a platen, located at the imaging station where it is illuminated in known manner by a light source, such as, a tungsten halogen lamp.
  • the document thus exposed is imaged onto the drum by a system of mirrors.
  • the optical image selectively discharges the surface of the drum in an image configuration whereby an electrostatic latent image of the original document is recorded on the drum at the imaging station.
  • a development system or unit advances developed materials into contact with the electrostatic latent images.
  • the developer unit includes a developer roller mounted in a housing.
  • developer unit 34 contains a developer roller 40 .
  • the roller 40 advances toner particles 45 into contact with the latent image.
  • Appropriate developer biasing may be accomplished via power supply 42 , electrically connected to developer unit 34 .
  • the developer unit 34 develops the charged image areas of the photoconductive surface 12 of drum 10 .
  • This development unit contains magnetic black toner particles 45 , for example, which are charged by an electrostatic field existing between the photoconductive surface and the electrically biased developer roll in the developer unit.
  • Power supply 42 electrically bases the magnetic roll 40 .
  • a sheet of support material (image receiving member) 54 is moved into contact with the toner image at transfer station D.
  • the sheet of support material is advanced to transfer station D by a suitable sheet feeding apparatus, not shown.
  • the sheet feeding apparatus includes a feed roll contacting the upper sheet of a stack of copy sheets. Feed roll rotate so as to advance the uppermost sheet from the stack into a chute which directs the advancing sheet of support material into contact with the photoconductive surface of drum 10 in a time sequence so that the toner powder image developed thereon contacts the advancing sheet of support material at transfer station D.
  • Transfer station D includes a corona generating device 58 in the form of a bias transfer roll, which applies ions of a suitable polarity onto the backside of sheet 54 . This attracts the toner powder image from the drum 12 to sheet 54 , i.e., it establishes a directional force field capable of attracting toner particles from the photoconductive surface 12 to support material 54 . After transfer, the sheet continues to move, in the direction of arrow 62 , onto a conveyor (not shown) which advances the sheet to fusing station E.
  • a corona generating device 58 in the form of a bias transfer roll, which applies ions of a suitable polarity onto the backside of sheet 54 . This attracts the toner powder image from the drum 12 to sheet 54 , i.e., it establishes a directional force field capable of attracting toner particles from the photoconductive surface 12 to support material 54 . After transfer, the sheet continues to move, in the direction of arrow 62 , onto a conveyor (not shown
  • Fusing station E includes a fuse assembly, indicated generally by the reference numeral 64 , which permanently affixes the transferred powder image to sheet 54 .
  • fuser assembly 64 comprises a heated fuser roll 66 and a pressure roller 68 .
  • Sheet 54 passes between fuser roller 66 and pressure roller 68 with the toner powder image contacting fuser roller 66 . In this manner, the toner powder image is permanently affixed to sheet 54 .
  • a chute 70 guides the advancing sheet 54 to a catch tray 72 for subsequent removal from the printing machine by the operator. It will also be understood that other post-fusing operations can be included, for example, stapling, binding, inverting and returning the sheet for duplexing and the like.
  • the residual toner particles carried by image and non-image areas on the photoconductive surface are removed at cleaning station F.
  • the vacuum assisted, electrostatic, brush cleaner unit 74 is disposed at the cleaning station F to remove any residual toner remaining on the surface of the drum.
  • FIG. 2 an improved bias charging unit and method for charging a photoconductive or photoreceptive surface with reduced impact on the photoreceptor (such as wear rate), reduced contamination on the charging unit, and uniform charging potential on the photoreceptor is shown.
  • vibration-assisted bias charging roller 26 is specially equipped with a pulsed function which forms an intermittent contact of the charging roller 26 with the photoconductive surface 12 .
  • Bias charge roller 26 includes an electrically conductive core 25 and an outer layer 27 axially supported on the core. Initially, as shown at the left side of FIG.
  • bias charge roller 26 is out of contact with photoconductive surface 12 at a predetermined height “h” and is then pulsed serially into contact and out of contact with photoconductive surface 12 .
  • One actuator mechanism for pulsing the bias charge roller 26 is a conventionally mounted piezoelectric transducer (PZT) 30 .
  • Other actuators can also be used including, for example, an electric motor, a pneumatic actuator, a hydraulic actuator, a linear actuator, a combination drive, thermal bimorphs and electroactive polymers.
  • the pulsing of the bias charging roller had a duty cycle from about 5% to about 95%. Since charging unit 26 is in a vibration mode, there is little chance for toner or additives to become trapped on its surface. Thus, both of contamination and wear rate of the bias charge roller and photoreceptor is reduced.
  • bias charge roller 26 is shown as an example in FIG. 1 , it should be understood that other bias charge members could be used as well including, for example, a brush, a pad, a blade, etc.
  • a half-cylindrical BCR pad was fabricated with an integrated actuator in the form of PZT to tap the BCR pad against photoreceptor drum with the BCR pad having a surface resistivity of from about 103 ohm/m to about 1013 ohm/m.
  • a high voltage power supply (HVPS) was in connection with a metal core of the BCR pad.
  • the BCR pad was driven by the PZT with tunable frequency and amplitude. Between the PZT and metal core of the BCR pad, an insulating layer was placed to protect the PZT under high voltage shocking. Scoping tests were done on an 84 mm UDS scanner with drum rotation speed at 3 rps.
  • a driving amplitude ⁇ 400 ⁇ m was chosen. This amplitude has the potential to avoid trapping of charged toner/additives on the BCR surface.
  • Pulsing of the bias charging roller can be at a frequency of from about 50 Hz to about 10 kHz and at an amplitude of from about 5 ⁇ m to about 1000 ⁇ m.
  • an improved bias charging method includes moving a vibrating bias charging member into and out of contact with a photoreceptor in order to achieve less wear on the photoreceptor.
  • the bias charge member stays clean due to the vibration for a longer time thereby avoiding charging defects that lead to Image quality defects.
  • the bias charge member surface is making contact with the photoreceptor only in short pulses, there is minimized friction force between the two solid bodies.
  • the contact frequency could be modulated to relax both the bias charge member and the photoreceptor with minimized friction.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
  • Electrostatic Charge, Transfer And Separation In Electrography (AREA)
US13/684,617 2012-11-26 2012-11-26 Method for bias member charging a photoreceptor Expired - Fee Related US8873997B2 (en)

Priority Applications (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US13/684,617 US8873997B2 (en) 2012-11-26 2012-11-26 Method for bias member charging a photoreceptor
JP2013231787A JP6155172B2 (ja) 2012-11-26 2013-11-08 バイアス部材による感光体の帯電方法、バイアス帯電ユニット及び画像形成装置

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Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US13/684,617 US8873997B2 (en) 2012-11-26 2012-11-26 Method for bias member charging a photoreceptor

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US8873997B2 true US8873997B2 (en) 2014-10-28

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US20170008018A1 (en) * 2015-07-06 2017-01-12 Kevin Michael Gillest Spray gun motion and mount

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US4111545A (en) * 1975-02-06 1978-09-05 Xerox Corporation Vibrating blade cleaner
US5585896A (en) * 1993-11-09 1996-12-17 Ricoh Company, Ltd. Image forming apparatus with a contact member contacting an image carrier
US5873019A (en) * 1996-02-01 1999-02-16 Ricoh Company, Ltd. Image forming apparatus having roller cleaning system and method
US6022660A (en) 1997-05-30 2000-02-08 Ricoh Company, Ltd. Developer, process cartridge and electrophotographic image forming apparatus that employs the developer and process cartridge
US6470161B2 (en) 2000-04-07 2002-10-22 Ricoh Company, Ltd. Apparatus for minimizing toner contamination on an image formation member
US20030039494A1 (en) * 2001-03-28 2003-02-27 Masahiko Shakuto Cleaning device and image forming apparatus using the cleaning device
US20040013439A1 (en) * 2002-07-16 2004-01-22 Canon Kabushiki Kaisha Image forming system and image forming method
US6836638B2 (en) 2001-03-14 2004-12-28 Canon Kabushiki Kaisha Cleaning device and image forming apparatus provided with same
US7079786B2 (en) 2003-11-21 2006-07-18 Kabushiki Kaisha Toshiba Image forming apparatus
US7177572B2 (en) 2004-06-25 2007-02-13 Xerox Corporation Biased charge roller with embedded electrodes with post-nip breakdown to enable improved charge uniformity
US7266338B2 (en) 2005-01-21 2007-09-04 Samsung Electronics, Co., Ltd. Waste toner pulverizing apparatus and toner cartridge with the same
US20080187360A1 (en) * 2007-02-05 2008-08-07 Tetsumaru Fujita Image forming apparatus
US7526243B2 (en) 2007-07-16 2009-04-28 Xerox Corporation Vibration method to reduce and/or eliminate friction/noise
US7711285B2 (en) 2003-10-02 2010-05-04 Sharp Kabushiki Kaisha Cleaning device for an image forming apparatus
US8126344B2 (en) 2008-04-23 2012-02-28 Fuji Xerox Co., Ltd. Image forming apparatus with variable amplitude alternating current to mitigate image defects and photoconductor wear

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JPH0519590A (ja) * 1991-07-12 1993-01-29 Canon Inc 接触帯電装置
JP2846524B2 (ja) * 1992-04-30 1999-01-13 シャープ株式会社 電子写真複写装置
JPH09106141A (ja) * 1995-10-09 1997-04-22 Ricoh Co Ltd 画像形成装置
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JP2006243411A (ja) * 2005-03-03 2006-09-14 Ricoh Co Ltd クリーニング装置、プロセスカートリッジ、及び画像形成装置

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4111545A (en) * 1975-02-06 1978-09-05 Xerox Corporation Vibrating blade cleaner
US5585896A (en) * 1993-11-09 1996-12-17 Ricoh Company, Ltd. Image forming apparatus with a contact member contacting an image carrier
US5873019A (en) * 1996-02-01 1999-02-16 Ricoh Company, Ltd. Image forming apparatus having roller cleaning system and method
US6022660A (en) 1997-05-30 2000-02-08 Ricoh Company, Ltd. Developer, process cartridge and electrophotographic image forming apparatus that employs the developer and process cartridge
US6470161B2 (en) 2000-04-07 2002-10-22 Ricoh Company, Ltd. Apparatus for minimizing toner contamination on an image formation member
US6836638B2 (en) 2001-03-14 2004-12-28 Canon Kabushiki Kaisha Cleaning device and image forming apparatus provided with same
US20030039494A1 (en) * 2001-03-28 2003-02-27 Masahiko Shakuto Cleaning device and image forming apparatus using the cleaning device
US20040013439A1 (en) * 2002-07-16 2004-01-22 Canon Kabushiki Kaisha Image forming system and image forming method
US7711285B2 (en) 2003-10-02 2010-05-04 Sharp Kabushiki Kaisha Cleaning device for an image forming apparatus
US7079786B2 (en) 2003-11-21 2006-07-18 Kabushiki Kaisha Toshiba Image forming apparatus
US7177572B2 (en) 2004-06-25 2007-02-13 Xerox Corporation Biased charge roller with embedded electrodes with post-nip breakdown to enable improved charge uniformity
US7266338B2 (en) 2005-01-21 2007-09-04 Samsung Electronics, Co., Ltd. Waste toner pulverizing apparatus and toner cartridge with the same
US20080187360A1 (en) * 2007-02-05 2008-08-07 Tetsumaru Fujita Image forming apparatus
US7526243B2 (en) 2007-07-16 2009-04-28 Xerox Corporation Vibration method to reduce and/or eliminate friction/noise
US8126344B2 (en) 2008-04-23 2012-02-28 Fuji Xerox Co., Ltd. Image forming apparatus with variable amplitude alternating current to mitigate image defects and photoconductor wear

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JP6155172B2 (ja) 2017-06-28
US20140147163A1 (en) 2014-05-29
JP2014106533A (ja) 2014-06-09

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