US876886A - Cable-telegraphy. - Google Patents

Description

No. 876,886. PATENTED JAN. 14, 1908.

' I. KITSEE.

CABLE TELEGRAPHY.

APPLICATION FILED MAR. s, 1906.

- z SHEETS-SHEET 1.

WITNESSES: iW/ZNVENTOR ms PETERS c0, WASIINCTON. n. c

No. 876,886. PATENTED JAN. 14, 1908.

I. KITSEB.

CABLE TBLEGRAPHY.

APPLIOATION FILED MAR. 3, 1906.

5 cu WASHINGTON, 11 c,

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

ISIDOR KITSEE, OF PHILADELPHIA, PENNSYLVANIA, ASSIGNOR OF ONE-HALF TO WILLIAM J. LAITA, OF PHILADELPHIA, PENNSYLVANIA.

CABLE TELEGRAPHY.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented Jan. 14, 1908.

Application filed March 3. 1906- Serial No. 304.033-

T 0 all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, Isrnon KITSEE, citizen of the. United States, residing at Philadelphia, in the county of Philadelphia and State of Pennsylvania, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Cable Telegraphy, of which the following is a specification.

My invention relates to an improvement in relaying or translating true reversals impressed upon lines of comparative large capacity.

The peculiar condition of lines with great capacity, such for instance as submarine cables, made it necessary to telegraph with the so-called double key, whereby through the depression of one lever a positive impulse and through the depression of the other lever a negative impulse is sent over the line. In this system, a dot is represented by an impulse of one polarity, say a negative, and a dash by an impulse of opposite polarity, say

a positive. With this arrangement telegraphing over submarine cables was made possible but in practice, it was soon found that whereas such letters as A, N and R, (Continental Morse) could be transmitted at a great speed and received plain and dis tinct, because in these letters dots and dashes alternate and, therefore, a negative impulse always follows a positive, or vice versa, in the transmission of letters such as H, M, O, etc., the speed had to be decreased, so as to allow the cable to discharge itself and the received record was indistinct and required expert training to be deciphered, for the reason that in such letterstwo or more dots or two or more dashes follow each other, necessitating the transmission of two or more impulses of positive, or two or more impulses of negative polarity in succession.

To obviate this difficulty, to be enabled to transmit, what I call, true reversals, that is, impulses of substantially the same duration and intensity, but alternately of opposite polarity, to relay the same and translate the same into dots and dashes is the aim of my invention.

It is also the aim of my invention to so arrange the receiving devices with the relaying circuit, that the feeble currents transmitted over the line shall be enabled to operate the translating or relaying device under the severest conditions.

carefully tested. In some experiments, in which such true reversals were transmitted from Penzance, England, over the transatlantic cable to Oanso, Nova Scotia, it was found that whereas such letters as H and O required a certain time unit and were recorded with the aid of the siphon in uneven curves hardly distinguishable, true reversals transmitted at a greater speed were recorded in curves alike in dimension and clearly distinguishable each from the other. It was also found that, whereas in the telegraphing of such letters as above mentioned, the zero of the instrument shifted, no shifting of the zero was ascertainable as long as true reversals were impressed upon the line.

In telegraphing over submarine cables, the insertion of a condenser at the transmitting station near the source of current was also found to be of great advantage, but when it was attempted to relay the impulses impressed upon the line through the condenser, it was found that these impulses are of such a short duration, that the making of a. circuit through the contacting of the movable part of a receiving device, provided with a center or zero position,-was not'always productive of good results. The reason for this behavior lies in the fact that the impulse due to the charge of the condenser is capable of moving the armature or other movable part of the receiver from its zero position, but is not of a long enough duration and strength,

so as to press long enough with the required strength on the stationary contact point to actuate an electromagnetic device placed in the localized circuit. To over-come this difficulty, I have recourse to an arrangement,

In the drawings, Figure 1 is a diagrammatic view of the receiving apparatus forming part of the hereindescribed invention. Fig. 2 is a similar view of the transmitting I apparatus.

I have not illustrated any particular form of a receiving device, for the reason that any polarized relay, made sensitive enough for the occasion and provided with a center or zero position, such for instance as a slightly altered Siemens relay or the siphon recorder itself, may be employed and I have only illustrated the movable part of such a device The great advantage of true reversals was and this movable part is only illustrated as contacts.

mature 14 pivoted at 15.

a common armature, it being understood that the ordinary shape of the armature may be altered to suit requirements, and if the siphon recorder of to-day is employed, the siphon proper may be substituted for this armature provided that this siphon is made conducting by being coated with a metal, or by being made out of any of the well-known conducting materials.

The drawing illustrates in diagrammatic view the armatures or other movable parts of two receiving devices and the preferred method of connecting the same to a localized circuit including a translating device, it being understood that this translating device may consist of a sounder or recorder, or may be provided with contact points, so as to relay the received impulses to a second circuit. In the drawing, these contact points are omitted, as it is well known to persons versed in the art how to place the same and operate through such placement a second circuit.

In the drawing, 1 designates the movable part of one receiving device and 2 designates the movable part of the second receiving device, both at their zero position; 3 designates the stationary contact of 1 and 4 the stationary contact of 2.-

3 is connected through Wire 12 with the.

coil of electromagnet 11 and 4 is connected through wire 13 with the coil of electromagnet 10. The free terminals of these electromagnets are joined by wire 9. To these wires are connected through wire 8, the battery 7 with one pole and the other pole of this battery is connected through Wire 6 to wire 5; the wire 5 being the connecting link between the armatures 1 and 2.

Normally, that is, when the line is idle, each of the armatures 1 and 2 are at their normal or zero position and in this position they connect with their respective stationary Two circuits are, therefore, established; one circuit embracing the ele ments and wires 1, 3, 12, coil of electromagnet 11, part of wire 9, 8, battery 7, 6, and part of wire 5. The second circuit embraces the elements and wires 2, 4, 13, coil of electromagnet 10, part of wire 9, 8, battery 7, 6, and part of wire 5. Both of these electromagnets are provided with the common ar- The coils of electromagnets 10 and 11 are of equal resistance and have an equal magnetizing effect on their cores and as all other parts of the circuits are also of equal resistance, it is obvious that the armature 14, when brought with one end nearly to 11 or with the other end nearly to 10, will remain there as long as the resistance of the two circuits remains equal, that is, as lon as the balance of these circuits is not distur ed.

It is now supposed that an impulse flowing in the direction of the unfeathered arrow will move the armature 1, so as to break the contact with 3 and the armature 2, so as to make stronger the contact with 4; then the balance between the two circuits will be destroyed and as the electromagnet 10 will be energized in greater proportion than the electromagnet 11, the armature 14 will be pulled down with the right end towards electromagnet 10. When this impulse ceases, armature 1 will regain its zero position and, therefore, connect with 3 in the same manner as the armature 2 remained connected to 4. The bal ance between the two circuits 12 and 13 will, therefore, be reestablished and as no other force is present to remove-the armature 14 from its assumed position, this armature will remain in this position till an opposite force removes it therefrom.

It is now supposed that an impulse in the direction of the feathered arrow is flowing over the line and, therefore, through the coils of armatures 1 and 2 and that this impulse will move armature 2 in a direction, so as to break its contact with 4 and will move armature 1 in a direction, so as to make stronger its contact with 3. The balance between the circuits 12 and 13 will again be destroyed and at this time the electromagnet 11 will be highly magnetized and electromagnet 10 lose all or part of its magnetism, then' the armature 14 will change its former position and its left hand end will come to rest at or nea electromagnet 11.

It is now supposed that the impulse in the direction of the feathered arrow represents a positive impulse and that the same will actuate the armatures as stated above. It is also supposed that the telegraphing of characters is only accomplished by impressing positive impulses over the line and that after each positive impulse a clearing impulse is sent over the line and that this clearing impulse is in the direction of the unfeathered arrow and of a negative polarity; The operator in transmitting a dot impresses upon the line a positive impulse, and'after one unit of time a negative impulse and if he desires to transmit a dash, he impresses upon the line a positive impulse and after three units of time a negative impulse. with its armature 14 acting in the same manner as a polarized relay, withoutany center or zero position, would act.

I have described and illustrated the local circuit as to consist of two separate circuits and the localized device as to consist of two electromagnets provided with a common armature, but it is obvious that this part of the arrangement may differ to suit requirements. The main and underlying principle 5 of my invention necessitates only two receiving devices, their armature or other movable part normally resting on a conductor, the armature and conductor forming part of a local circuit and that through the breaking away The device '10 and 11 115,

of the armature, the localized device acting as the translating device, should be operated in a manner, so as to give the receiving operator notice of the kind of character transmit ted by the transmitting operator.

Under a center or zero position, I understand the position normally assumed by the armature of the receiving device. Usually, this position is in the center between two contact points, but as I only employ one contact point, this zero position is not necessarily the real center and the means to return the armature always to the same position may be mechanical, electrical, or magnetic in their action. The armature may be provided, as the siphon is to-day, with a small weight, for the purpose of centering the same, or if the device is a polarized relay, such as a Siemens, one of the pole pieces may be brought nearer to the armature than the other.

It is now necessary for me to show one arrangement with the aid of which true reversals may be impressed upon the line of transmission. In Fig. 2, I have illustrated such arrangement in diagrammatic view. In this figure, 16 and 17 are two sources of current; the source 16 here shown as to consist of four cells and the source 17 as to consist of two cells. The two sources of current are in opposition as to each other. The source 16 is provided with a shunt embracing the wires 18 and 19 and'connected to the shunt is the resistance 20 and the key 21. One pole of the source 16, here shown as the positive pole, is connected with the interposition of the switch 22 with the condenser 23; and one pole of the source 17, here also shown as the positive, is connected with the condenser 24. The other pole of the condenser 23 is connected with the coil of electromagnet 25 and the other pole of condenser 24 is connected with the coil of electromagnet 26. Electromagnet 25 is provided with armature 27 .each other through wire 35.

resting normally on contact 28. This armature is connected, preferably with the resistance 29 as illustrated, to one pole of the source of current 30, here shown as the positive pole; the negative pole being connected to ground 40. Electromagnet 26 is provided with armature 31 normally resting on contact 32 and is connected with the interposition of resistance 33 to one pole, here shown as the negative pole of the source 34 grounded at 40. Contacts 28 and 32 are connected with This wire is connected to the line of transmission 36.

The armatures 27 and 31 are polarized, but of a polarity opposite from each other, so that if a current in one direction will operate one of these armatures, the other armature will remain inoperative and vice versa. The operation of this device is as follows: Normally, that is, when the switch is open, a short circuit is established for the batteries 30 and 34, consisting of the ground 40, re-

sistance 33, armature 31, contact 32, wire 35, contact 28, armature 27 and resistance 29. No current will, therefore, flow over the line 36. Should the operator desire to transmit messages, he, first of all, closes the switch and through the closing of this switch, an impulse will flow from battery 16 in the direc tion of the unfeathered arrow, through the localized circuit charging both of the condensers and energizing both eletromagnets,

thus for the reason that the battery 16 consists of a greater number of cells than the battery 17. It is supposed that through this impulse, the armature 31 will be drawn towards its electromagnet 26. This operation disconnects the battery 34 from wire 35 and, therefore, line 36. The short circuit of the battery 30 is, therefore broken and a current will flow from this battery through part of wire 35 over the line 36. But as through the interposition of the condensers in the localized circuit, the flow of the current from battery 16 will be only a momentary one, that is, till the condensers are charged, the electromagnets will, as soon as the currentflow ceases, be deenergized and the armature 31 (impelled either by gravity or other means) will return to its normal position and connect again with point 32, whereby a short circuit is again established for battery 30 and the flow of the current over the line will cease. In transmitting messages, in accordance with the .Morse alphabet, the operator now operates his key in the usual manner, that is, he depresses the key for a short period to denote a dot and for a longer period to denote a dash and he allows the key to be opened for a short period to denote a short space and for a longer period to denote a longer space: Through the closing of the key, the battery 16 is short circuited. An impulse will, therefore, flow over the localized circuit in the direction of the feathered arrow. This impulse will charge the condensers in the opposite direction from the former impulse. Both electromagnets will again be energized, but with the reverse polarity. Through this change in polarity, the armature 31 will remain inoperative,.but the armature 27 of the electromagnet 25 will be drawn towards the same and away from its contact 28. This will break the connection of the battery 30 and the current from battery 34 will now flow over the line 36, but in a direction opposite from the former flow of battery 30. i It is supposed that this flow of current is, what may be called, the signaling current and that the former flow is, what I call, the clearing current. As long as the key remains depressed, the electrical condition of the localized circuit and the line attached thereto, will remain stationary, but as soon as the key is opened, a reversed current will flow over the localized circuit, thereby again making operativethe first armature and sending an impulse over the line opposite from the last impulse.

In conjunction with the receiving device, as illustrated in Fig. 1, the resulting effect is as follows; When the key is depressed, a momentary impulse will flow over the line in a direction which opens one or the other of the armatures of the receiving devices and through this opening, the armature 14 will be actuated in a manner, so as to inform the receiving operator that a signaling impulse is sent over the line. Should the key remain depressed'only for a short time, then a reversed current will quickly follow the signaling current, thereby opening the armature of the other receiving device and operating the armature of 14. This will be an explanation to the receiving operator that a dot is sent over the line, but when the key is depressed for a longer time, then a longer period will elapse before the armature, once drawn at one point, will again be drawn towards the other point and the operator will readily distinguish, in the same manner as the operator to-day distinguishes, between a dot and a dash, for it is supposed that if the device 10, 11, 14 should only act as a translating device, the same may represent a sounder having the spring removed and instead of said spring an electromagnet may be employed.

To persons versed in the art, the mode of transmitting as Well as receiving will now be clear. It suflices to say that through the arrangement of the transmitting device, the impulses sent over the line will be very short, but will always be of the same duration and intensity and as the same are alternately of opposite polarity, they are in reality true reversalsj All the operators have to bear in mind is: that an impulse of predetermined polarity is the signaling impulse and the impulse of opposite polarity is the clearing impulse. The clearing impulse also acting as the spacing impulse, and as the last opera tion of the transmitting operator has to be to release the lever of the key, it is obvious that the last impulse transmitted will be the clearing or spacing impulse.

In Fig. 1, I have provided both of the 10- calized circuits with the resistance 50, so as to provide means to prevent the sparking or sticking between the armatures 1 and 2 and their respective contacts 3 and 4. The working of this part of my invention is as follows: The battery 7 is of a strength sufiicient to energize the electromagnets 10 and 11, if their respective armatures rest on their respective contacts, that is, if no other resistance is inserted in the circuit. But if an additional resistance is placed in the circuit and thisresistance has the required value, then the current from the battery 7 is insuflicient to magnetize effectively the electromagnet. In their normal state both circuits consist only of the coil of the respective electromagnet and the respective armature resting on its respective contact and the wires con necting the same; but as soon as one or the .other of the armatures leaves this contact,

then the resistance 50 is inserted in series in the circuit and the force of the battery cannotovercome this resistance for the purpose of energizing the electromagnet. In practice, I have found that if each of the electromagnets 10 and 11 have about four ohms, one cell suffices to operate the same provided the armature makes good connection with the contact and I have also found that if the resistance has a value of twenty ohms, the strength of the current is not sufficient to energize this electromagnet. At the normal state, as said above, both circuits are of equal low resistance. It is now supposed that armature 1 breaks the contact with 3. The circuit formerly consisting of coil of electromagnet 11, part of wire 9, wire 8, battery 7, wire 6, part of wire 5, armature 1, contact 3 and wire 12, consists now of coil of electromagnet 11, part of wire 9, 8, 7, 6, part of wire 5, resistance 50 and wire 12; and as the resistance 50 is of a value high enough to decrease the strength of the current sufficiently, it is obvious that the greater part of the current will flow through the circuit including the armature 2 and contact 4. The balance of these two circuits is, therefore, destroyed and thearmature 14. will be moved towards 10 in the same manner as if the circuit ,12 would have been entirely broken. The only difference is, that instead of the breaking of the circuit, the necessary resistance to diminish the current is inserted therein. In practice, I have found that this arrangement entirely obviates the sparking and sticking.

In one of my experiments, lines of about three million, K. R. (capacity multiplied by resistance) were operated on, and the entire absence of the sparking and sticking of the receiving device was carefully noted. This receiving device, which was tested in the oflice of one of the largest cable companies in America, was sensitive enough to answer when placed in a circuit in conjunction with a Thomsons reflecting galvanometer; the galvanometer at that instance only showing five deflections.

Having now described my invention, what I claim as new and desire to secure by Letters Patent is:

1, In the relaying of telegraphic impulses impressed upon a line with great capacity, two local circuits normally balanced as to each other, two polarized receivers connected to the line, each of said local circuits including as a part thereof the armature of one of said receivers, said armatures being each responsive only to current of a polarity opposite to that required for operating the other, whereby the balance of said circuits is destroyed, and means associated with said local circuits and actuated by the current of either for translating the impulses of the line when the balance of the local circuits is destroyed.

2. In the relaying of telegraphic impulses impressed upon a line with great capacity, two local circuits normally balanced as to each other and each including a stationary contact, two polarized receivers connected to the line, and in series as to each other, each of said local circuits including as a part thereof the armature of one of said receivers, said armatures cooperating withsaid contacts to normally close the local circuits, each of said armatures being responsive only to current of a polarity opposite to that required for operating the other, whereby the balance of said circuits is destroyed, and means associated with said local circuits and actuated by the current of either for translating the impulses of the line when the balance of the local circuits is destroyed.

3. In a system of telegraphy, the combination with a line of transmission, of two polarized devices connected to the line and in series as to each other, each of said devices having a normal or zero position, and two local circuits each of which is closed by one of said devices when in its zero position,

' one of said devices being responsive to the flow of a positive impulse to change its zero position, and the other responsive to the ow of a negative impulse to change its zero position.

4. In a system of telegraphy, means to receive and translate true reversals, including two local circuits normally of equal resistance, whereby said circuits are balanced as to each other, means for increasing the resistance of one of said circuits through an impulse of one polarity, and for increasing the resistance of the other of said circuits through an impulse of opposite polarity, and an electro-magnetic device responsive to the changes of resistance of said local circuits.

' 5. In the relaying of telegraphicimpulses impressed upon a line with great capacity, two local circuits normally balanced as to each other, two polarized receivers connected to the line of transmission, a stationary contact in each of said local circuits, an

' armature for each of said receivers, each of said circuits including one of said armatures as a part thereof, said armatures having a normal or zero position in contact with said stationary contacts, whereby said circuits are maintained normally in balanced relation to each other, said armatures being re sponsive to impulses of opposite polarity, and an electro-magnetic device associated with said local circuits and actuated by the our- 1 rent of either for translating the impulses of the line when the balance or the local circuit is destroyed.

6. The hereindescribed means for relaying true reversals, including two receivers for the line of transmission, a local circuit for each of said receivers, an armature and a contact included in the circuit of each re ceiver, the armature, when idle,resting upon said contact and thereby closing the circuit, and an electro-magnetic device common to both of said local circuits and responsive to the current of each.

7. The hereindescribed means for relaying true reversals, including two receivers for the line of transmission, a local circuit for each of said receivers, an armature and a contact included in the circuit of each receiver, the armature having a normal or zero position in the region of said contact, said receivers being responsive to impulses of opposite polarity for changing the zero positions of the armatures, and an electromagnetic device common to both of said local circuits and responsive to the current of each.

8. In telegraphy, means to relay and translate into readable characters true reversals, said means embracing two receivers connected to the line of transmission, two local circuits, balanced as to each other, said local circuits embracing an electromagnetic device and means associated with said two receivers to disturb the balance of said local circuits, whereby said electro-rnagnetic device is caused to operate.

9. In a system of telegraphy, a line of transmission, transmitting and receiving stations connected by said line, means at the transmitting station to impress upon the line true reversals, and means at the receiving station to relay said true reversals and translate the same into Morse characters, said means including two polarized receiving devices connected to the line, two local circuits, each of said circuits including the armature of one of said receiving devices and a contact, said receiving devices being responsive to the flow of current of opposite polarity, and translating means associated with said local circuits and influenced by the operation of said re ceiving devices.

' 10. In a system of telegraphy wherein true reversals are impressed upon the line, means to receive and relay said true reversals, in cluding' two receiving instruments connected to each other and the line of transmission, and each provided with a normal or zero position, a local circuit for each of said receiving instruments, said circuits each including a stationary contact, and a movable part of one of said instruments, said instruments being responsive to the flow of current in the line of opposite polarity, and a polarized re-- laying or translating device associated with said local clrcuits, and responsive to the ourrent of each when the receiving instruments are operated under the influence-of the line impulses v 11.. In telegraphy, a line of transmission, a transmitting device embracing a localized circuit, two sources of current normally in operative relation to said line, polarized electromagnets .for said localized circuit and means to make operative one or the other of said sources as to the line through the closing of the key connected to said localized circuit, in accordance with the characters to be transmitted; the receiving device embracing two polarized relays connected to the line, a zero position for each relay, a contact normally connecting with the movable part of said relay, a translating device inoperative relation to said relays.

12. In telegraphy, a line of transmission, a transmitting device for said line and receiving device for said line, the transmitting device provided with means to impress upon the line true reversals, said means embracing a localized circuit, means to change the flow of the current in said circuit, means to automatically limit said flow, electromagnetic means in said circuit adapted. to make or break the connection of sources of current to said line, the receiving device embracing two polarized relays and means operatively related to said relay to translate the true reversals into readable characters.

13. In a system of telegraphy, wherein true reversals are impressed upon the line, a transmitting station, a receiving station, and a line connecting the said stations, sources of current at the transmitting station for supplying the line with impulses of opposite polarity, a local circuit, electro-magnetic means included in said local circuit for impressing upon the line impulses of opposite polarity, a transmitting key included in said local circuit, means whereby said electro-magnetic means are actuated through the manipulation of said key for impressing upon the line evasse impulses of opposite polarity, means independent of said key to limit the duration of said impulses, polarized receiving devices arranged at the receiving station, local circuits controlled by said polarized receiving devices, and means associated with said. local circuits at the receiving station and adapted to be actuated by the current thereof when the polarized receiving devices are actuated by the line impulses.

1.4. In a system of telegraphy, a line' of transmission, a single contact key for impressing upon said line true reversals, and means to translate and relay said reversals including two polarized receiving devices, two local circuits controlled by said receiving devices, and normally balanced as to each other, said local circuits being rendered operative by impulses of opposite polarity acting upon. said receiving devices, and means associated with said local circuits and actuated by the current of either when the balance of the local circuits is destroyed.

15. In a system of telegraphy, means to transmit true reversals, a pair of polarized devices for receiving said reversals, two local circuits associated wlth said receiving devlces and controlled thereby, said circuits belng normally balanced as to each other, said polarized receiving devices being responsive to current of opposite polarity for disturbing the balance of said local circuits, means associated with said circuits and actuated by the current of each when the balance of the circuits is disturbed, and means included in said. local circuits to prevent sparking or sticking ol the operative parts under the influence of the receiving devices.

In testimony whereof I afliX my signature in presence of two Witnesses.

ISIDOR KITSEE.

Witnesses:

MARY C. SMITH, ALVAH RITTENHoUsE.

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