US8763773B2 - System adapted for one or more electrically propellable vehicles (arrangement for metal detection) - Google Patents

System adapted for one or more electrically propellable vehicles (arrangement for metal detection) Download PDF

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US8763773B2
US8763773B2 US13/638,872 US201113638872A US8763773B2 US 8763773 B2 US8763773 B2 US 8763773B2 US 201113638872 A US201113638872 A US 201113638872A US 8763773 B2 US8763773 B2 US 8763773B2
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vehicle
roadway
power
conductors
coils
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US20130020165A1 (en
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Gunnar Asplund
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Elways AB
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Elways AB
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60M—POWER SUPPLY LINES, AND DEVICES ALONG RAILS, FOR ELECTRICALLY- PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60M1/00—Power supply lines for contact with collector on vehicle
    • B60M1/36—Single contact pieces along the line for power supply
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L5/00—Current collectors for power supply lines of electrically-propelled vehicles
    • B60L5/40—Current collectors for power supply lines of electrically-propelled vehicles for collecting current from lines in slotted conduits
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01V—GEOPHYSICS; GRAVITATIONAL MEASUREMENTS; DETECTING MASSES OR OBJECTS; TAGS
    • G01V3/00—Electric or magnetic prospecting or detecting; Measuring magnetic field characteristics of the earth, e.g. declination, deviation
    • G01V3/08—Electric or magnetic prospecting or detecting; Measuring magnetic field characteristics of the earth, e.g. declination, deviation operating with magnetic or electric fields produced or modified by objects or geological structures or by detecting devices
    • G01V3/081—Electric or magnetic prospecting or detecting; Measuring magnetic field characteristics of the earth, e.g. declination, deviation operating with magnetic or electric fields produced or modified by objects or geological structures or by detecting devices the magnetic field is produced by the objects or geological structures
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L2200/00—Type of vehicles
    • B60L2200/26—Rail vehicles

Definitions

  • This invention refers generally to an arrangement for metal detection and said arrangement is related to vehicles, specifically to such arrangement which is adapted to be able to elevate and lower contact means and/or a contact device, with each vehicle being adapted to a system appropriate for electrically propellable vehicles and more particularly to such system in which i.a. one or more batteries and/or a set of batteries for power adaptation and energy storage are intended for being able to propel the vehicle rolling along a stretch of a roadway.
  • Systems of this type are based on utilizing a specifically designed stretch of the road or roadway wherein the upper surface of this stretch of the roadway exhibits at least one track in the form of groove and in which track two or more parallel electric conductors or strips with a conductor surface which may be placed under power or voltage are disposed and which preferably are provided with uncovered and uninsulated contact surface sections.
  • such system is to comprise; “a” a plurality of roadway sections or portions subdividing the total stretch of the roadway and each allotted to one or more electrically conductive surfaces, such as conductors or strips, said roadway portions being connectable over a switch to one or more stationary electric stations serving as a source of power or energy external to vehicles so as thereof i.a.
  • each of said vehicles is to exhibit a control circuit controlling the power so as to create a chosen and required propelling effect and/or a speed adaptation and/or control.
  • the invention is to be applied to stretches of roadways in the form of public and private roads and along their road sections or portions but can also find use in industrial systems having different requirements of power and energy.
  • the invention has the purpose i.a. of concurrently with power charging of the set of batteries from the external source of energy supplying the power and the energy which will be required for a chosen power requirement for driving the vehicle upwards and over an upwardly rising portion of the roadway.
  • the present invention refers to such system in which a non-railbound vehicle, such as a freight vehicle, while being driven along chosen roadway sections or portions by means of its set of batteries allotted to the vehicle, can be supplied with supplementary power and energy, such as from the external source of power or alternatively from a source of power related to the vehicle, such as a diesel generator.
  • a non-railbound vehicle such as a freight vehicle
  • supplementary power and energy such as from the external source of power or alternatively from a source of power related to the vehicle, such as a diesel generator.
  • the present invention proposes a “first” source of power related to the vehicle, such as a diesel generator, a “second” source of power related to the vehicle, such as a battery set, and a “third” source of power separated from the vehicle and being disposed externally, such as two or more conductor surfaces, such as conductors or strips which may be placed under power and be included in tracks or grooves in successive roadway sections or portions, with the conductors of a chosen roadway section being electrically insulated from corresponding conductors in an adjacent (preceding or succeeding) roadway section or portion.
  • a “first” source of power related to the vehicle such as a diesel generator
  • a “second” source of power related to the vehicle such as a battery set
  • a “third” source of power separated from the vehicle and being disposed externally such as two or more conductor surfaces, such as conductors or strips which may be placed under power and be included in tracks or grooves in successive roadway sections or portions, with the conductors of a chosen roadway section being electrically insulated
  • the present invention is based on having two or more conductors built into one track or into individual tracks or grooves in their respective roadway sections or portions, with said track (not the conductors) extending continually from roadway section or portion to roadway section or portion.
  • the voltage which is allotted to these conductors can be an alternating voltage (AC power) (with a vehicle-related rectifier) or a direct voltage (DC power).
  • AC power alternating voltage
  • DC power direct voltage
  • one of the conductors can be positive, whereas the other conductor can be negative and an additional conductor can be allotted ground potential or zero potential, with the vehicle being operated at twice the value of the voltage.
  • said voltage can to advantage be disposed in anti-phase and symmetrically around a ground potential or zero potential.
  • the motor intended for driving the vehicle can be of the DC power type or of the AC power type, with a converter being connected prior to the motor in the latter case.
  • the latter can to advantage be categorized as “railbound vehicles” or as “non-railbound vehicles”.
  • “Railbound vehicles” are driven along their stretch of the roadway and roadway sections on parallel rails disposed in their stretch of the roadway or on parallel rails laid open by sleepers or the like and guiding the fixed pairs of wheels of the vehicle.
  • Non-railbound vehicles are conveyed along their stretch of the roadway and roadway sections or portions over a road and are driven along the roadway sections or portions by steering control equipment associated with the vehicle.
  • the present invention is based on and is intended to be used in the latter category and technology and is intended to be applied primarily to heavy trucks with or without connected trailers, wherein from patent Publication U.S. Pat. No. 4,129,203-A a vehicle-related arrangement is known for letting contact springs disposed beneath the vehicle be brought upwards and downwards and sideways towards and to mechanical and electrical cooperation with or away from cooperation with non-insulated surface sections of the electric conductors (14) subject to voltage and associated with each roadway section or portion.
  • a cover plate (20) provided with a slit (12) is removably attached to the upper and opposing wall portions of the channel (18), with this cover plate (20) being adjusted to a plane connecting to the upper surface (22) of the roadway section or portion.
  • FIGS. 2 and 3, respectively, in the mentioned patent Publication describe a vehicle-related table (98), to which an arm (10) is rotatably attached (94, 96, 99). Sensors (30) allotted to table (98) generate signals which with regard to their phase and magnitude indicate the direction to and distance from an axis (99) of rotation to a slit (12) in the cover plate (20), which is based on changes in a generated magnetic field.
  • the table (98) and arm (10) can be driven over a designated mechanism (31) by a motor (32) between predetermined limits and limit switches (40, 41) positioned there.
  • Patent publication WO 93/10995-A discloses an earlier known system for driving electrically controllable vehicles along a road and its roadway sections or portions.
  • FIG. 9 in the mentioned patent publication clarifies the basic structure of the system.
  • extension (14) of the roadway and its roadway portions are to be provided with electrically conductive road sections (300a-300f), wherein a roadway section may be considered to correspond to a roadway portion.
  • the vehicle (310) has an electric motor (320) and two (312, 314) or three (312, 312′ and 314, respectively) contact springs lying therebelow and being adapted for mechanical and electrical contact with the electrically conductive conductors, whose lengths are adapted to correspond to a chosen length (identically equal lengths) for utilized roadway sections or portions.
  • the electrically conductive conductors in the road sections (300a-399f) are disposed after each other with an intermediately oriented free space (302a-302e) so as thereby to prevent short circuits in consequence of dragging contact springs (312, 312′, 314).
  • All other road sections (300a, 300d, 300f) are connected here continually to a reference voltage (ground potential), whereas the remaining road sections (300a, 300c, and 300e, respectively) are either directly connectable to a source (440) of DC-voltage or can be connected over a connecting means (304a, 304b, 304c) to any appropriate electric power source (308) when a vehicle is in the vicinity.
  • the distance between them is to be chosen such, that two or three contacts always are in electric contact with two road sections exhibiting opposite polarities and that neither of the two contacts is to be able to short circuit the open space (302a-302e) between two adjacently positioned sections or portions.
  • the system here requires specially structured vehicles (310), wherein the chosen distance between front (314) and rear (312, 312′) contacts is to be identical and furthermore to be chosen somewhat greater than the equal lengths of the roadway sections (300b, 300d).
  • each one of the utilized road sections (300a-300f) is to be chosen having equal lengths and are to be positioned behind each other in the direction of motion of the vehicle with equal mutual free and intermediately lying spaces (302a-302e).
  • bars or rails (16), which may be subjected to voltage, can be provided with side-positioned drainage tracks (Page 9, lines 1-4).
  • Patent publication WO 2007/056 804 A1 describes and discloses a plurality of means, devices and/or arrangements, which have relevance when evaluating the significant features related to the prior art and also to the present invention.
  • these means, devices and/or arrangements are only mentioned in general terms, and only a few or no suggested structure is disclosed.
  • each pair of electrically conductive strips be electrically insulated from an adjacent and another pair of electrically conductive strips, and wherein a vehicle traveling along said roadway travels over a first pair of electrically conductive strips and then travels over a next adjacent pair of electrically conductive strips and so forth.
  • a source of direct current electricity is arranged to provide a DC power to the roadway related pairs of electrically conductive strips (members).
  • Switching means are operative to supply DC power to a pair of electrically conductive strips when a vehicle travels over that pair, said switching means being operative to turn off the supply of DC power to a pair of electrically conductive strips when no vehicle travels over and along that pair of electrically conductive strips.
  • switching means are operative to supply DC power to said pair of electrically conductive strips (members) only when a vehicle travels over that pair, the switching means being operative to turn off the supply of DC power to a pair of electrically conductive strips when no vehicle travels over that pair of electrically conductive strips.
  • a system of this kind uses a succession of 20 meter long copper strips fixed onto a roadway surface. The respective 20 meter long copper strips were positioned end to end along each lane of the roadway and were electrically insulated from each other.
  • Alternating current electric power was applied to each section or portion.
  • a transmitter mounted to the vehicle, turns on the power supply to the section of copper strips over which the vehicle is traveling.
  • Electrically operated pick-up arms on the vehicle are adapted to contact the copper strips and to obtain electricity from the roadway-related copper strips.
  • This electricity from the copper strips is used to run a vehicle-related electric motor on board the vehicle (and also to activate vehicle accessories and, optionally, to recharge batteries on the vehicle).
  • each copper strip is only turned on during 1.5 seconds, i.e. the time period during which the vehicle passes over that section of copper strips.
  • the vehicle may be provided with a pick-up arm located under the vehicle body.
  • the pick-up arm may comprise a flat plate hinged to the underside of the vehicle.
  • Two pick-up carbon brushes may be bonded to the plate, for example by an epoxy resin or adhesive.
  • Leads carry the power from/to each brush to the vehicle (to the motor controller and battery pack of the vehicle). (Page 7, lines 8-13)
  • the pick-up arm may be retracted and extended automatically.
  • the pick-up arm may be automatically extended downwardly such that the brushes contact the electrically conductive strips.
  • the electrically conductive arm is operated such, that if power is lost for more than a predetermined time period, such as from one-half to one second, the pick-up arm is automatically retracted. (Page 7, lines 14-19)
  • a vehicle 50 having wheels 52, 54, is provided with a plate 56.
  • Plate 56 may for example be approximately 1.620 mm wide and 100 mm long.
  • the plate 56 as shown in FIG. 2, stretches approximately across the full width of the vehicle.
  • the plate 56 may be provided with one or more holes to enable air to pass therethrough to reduce the amount of down force acting on the plate when the vehicle is traveling.
  • the plate 56 carries two electrically conductive brushes 58, 60.
  • a gap 62 is located between the brushes 58, 60.
  • each brush may be 800 mm wide and the gap may be 20 mm wide.
  • the gap 62 may be filled with an electrically insulating material, suitably an insulating material that is somewhat soft and can yield without breaking, should it contact an object. (Page 14, lines 7-18)
  • All a driver has to do to achieve initial contact is to drive along the electrically conductive strips somewhere within the vehicle's track and move the pick-up arm to the down position.
  • Automatic steering may be used to assist in this regard on a longer drive. (Page 14, lines 27-30, page 15, lines 1-2)
  • the brushes 58, 60 must be able to be lowered onto the strips or retracted against the underside of the vehicle.
  • the brushes are mounted on a pair of pantograph arms 64, 66.
  • pantograph arms keep the plate 56 (and therefore the brushes 58, 60) horizontal.
  • Appropriate electrical connections may be provided to enable the electrical power picked up from each of the brushes 58, 60 to be transferred to the vehicle.
  • the pantograph arms may carry appropriate electrical cables to transfer electric power from the brushes to the vehicle. (Page 15, lines 4-10)
  • each conductor is at a voltage relevant to ground that does not exceed plus or minus 250 volts, more preferably not exceeding plus or minus 225 volts.
  • the electrically conductive strips may be positioned on the roadway surface such that they are insulated from each other and from ground (the road surface).
  • the electrically conductive strips are laid onto an adhesive insulating base which insulates them from each other.
  • the electrically conductive strips may be bonded to the roadway surface by an epoxy adhesive. Alternatively, the electrically conductive strips may be bonded to tiles that are then placed in or on the roadway surface.
  • the power supply system comprises a series of separate, electrically insulated but electrically conductive strips.
  • Each pair of strips represents a power supply section.
  • Each pair of strips may be provided with a dedicated source of DC power.
  • a source of DC power may provide direct current electricity to two or more pairs of strips.
  • the switching means is suitably operatively associated with a detector means for detecting the presence of a vehicle either about to move onto a pair of conductors or strips or on a pair of conductors.
  • the coded signal may comprise an oscillating voltage similar to that used by utility companies for control purposes.
  • Such a control signal may have a frequency in the order of 400 kHz and a voltage of up to about 4 to 20 volts.
  • coded signal may utilize different frequencies and different voltages from those given above. (Page 4, lines 19-29)
  • a control signal may be sent to the power supply for the next section of conductors along the path of travel of the vehicle.
  • This control signal sent to the power source for the next section of conductors or strips, is used to turn on the power supply to the next section of conductors, either shortly before or just as the vehicle arrives at the next section of conductors.
  • control signal sent to the next section of conductors or strips may turn on the power supply to that next section of conductors a predetermined time after the power supply to the first set of conductors or strips is activated.
  • the vehicle may be provided with a coded signal that becomes superimposed on the strips when the vehicle travels over a section or portion of the copper strips and the brushes on the vehicle are in contact with the strips.
  • the coded signal is received by a detector associated with a corresponding transformer station.
  • the detector actuates the switching of power up to that particular section of the strips.
  • the power supply to the next set of conductor means or strips is maintained, provided that the next set of conductors or strips detects that the vehicle enters the next set of conductors or strips within a specified time period after the power supply to the next set of conductors or strips has been turned on.
  • the adjacent sections of conductors “talk” to each other and interact with each other to turn on the power supply to each roadway section with its strips either just before or just as a vehicle arrives at each section.
  • a sensor arrangement may be located towards the “downstream” end of each pair of strips.
  • the sensor arrangement may, for example, be a current flow sensor, positioned below or adjacent to one of the electrically conductive strips.
  • the senor When a vehicle is near the end of a roadway section (of electrically conductive strips), the sensor will sense the resultant current flow and then send a signal to the next section of electrically conductive strips to turn on the electricity supply to the next section in “anticipation” of the imminent arrival.
  • This signal may be sent via cable.
  • the “anticipatory” signal is valid for a short time only, say 2 seconds, and if a vehicle has not arrived at the next section within that time, the next section is turned off.
  • the switching means may be arranged such, that the signal that is used to turn on the next pair of conductive strips must be larger than a predetermined minimum value in order to activate the switching means and turn on the next pair of conductive strips.
  • an electrical leakage detection means may be provided to prevent the next section of conductors or strips from turning on.
  • Detection of electrical leakage may occur by requiring the coded signal superimposed on each section of conductors or strips to exceed a predetermined activation threshold value before the next section of conductors or strips will be turned on.
  • the vehicle may be provided with one or more batteries to store electric power or energy.
  • the batteries may be charged using electricity received from the roadway related electrically conductive strips.
  • the DC voltage of the electrically conductive strips is such that it is equal to the normal charging voltage of each battery pack in the vehicle.
  • the vehicle may alternatively or additionally be provided with one or more of an on-board charging engine or a regenerative braking system to allow for recharging of the batteries. (Page 7, lines 6-7)
  • Each transformer may have an overload cut-out and re-close switch.
  • This switch suitably operates on the DC side of the transformer and a rectifier.
  • Each DC output line from the transformer and rectifiers may have independent overload switches.
  • the overload cut-out and re-close switches may be set such that if three re-close attempts are unsuccessfully made, the section is shut down and a signal is automatically sent to the control panel to indicate a fault.
  • the present invention uses mains power but delivers DC voltage at relatively low volts.
  • each copper conductor or strip is insulated from the roadway surface and from the other copper conductor or strip in its respective pair.
  • the DC voltage supply to the conductors or strips is created by transforming and rectifying high voltage, three-phase (alternating current) AC power, to give a positive DC power to one conductor or strip and an equal negative DC power to the other conductor or strip in each pair of conductors or strips. (Page 12, lines 19-20)
  • the lower the standard DC voltage selected the lower will be the perceived electrical safety risk, the lower will be the actual energy leakage, when a roadway is wet and the conductors or strips are on and the fewer the number of battery cells in each vehicle to provide an on-board power supply.
  • the weight of copper conductors or strips and/or the number of transformers needed for the on-road installation is inversely proportional to the square of the standard voltage.
  • An array of magnetic field sensors may be placed across the front and rear of the vehicle (Page 20, lines 3-9) to sense the position of the conductive strips.
  • This invention concentrates on a stretch of roadway and roadway section having upwardly open tracks connecting to each other from roadway section to roadway section with two or more parallel electric conductors with surfaces placed therein, such as being structured with uninsulated surface sections in each road section, and the invention concerns an arrangement for metal detection as a detecting arrangement, for ensuring a cooperation between a current collector and a track, while utilizing a magnetic field generated adjacent to the track and a coil or coils related to a vehicle.
  • said set of batteries associated with the vehicle which set is to be able to propel the vehicle directly along the roadway sections, and “b” one or more vehicles, propellable over an individual electric motor or motors, and wherein the respective vehicle exhibits a control circuit, controlling the necessary power for creating necessary power and/or speed control, indicating the possibility of utilizing equal or different lengths of parallel electric conductors or strips, which may be subjected to electric power or voltages related to mutually electrically insulated road sections so as to therein offer a possibility of choosing the lengths of the conductors and road sections in response to established requirements of a “continuous” supply of energy to the vehicle and its set of batteries and wherein the lengths of the respective roadway sections to advantage can be chosen considerably longer than the total length of the vehicle so that no adaptation of the lengths of the road sections to any standard lengths of the vehicles will be required such as in known technology.
  • a contact means as current collector which is displaceable upwards and down-wards as well as sideways and crosswise with regard to the direction of transportation of the vehicle, with elongated tracks or gaps supporting, over roadway section after roadway section, underneath the roadway, conductors which can be supplied with current and can be subjected to voltage, such as rails, with said current collector being coordinated with a detecting arrangement, adapted as a metal detector, and related to control the equipment related to the vehicle for creating adaptation of the contact means or current collector so as at least to offer mechanical and electrical contact to said conductor, being able to understand the significance of, the advantages related to and/or the technical measures and considerations which will be required for creating cooperation between the road section associated, at least two, conductors, which may be subjected to voltage, and the contact means or current collector of the vehicle over coordinated sliding contacts or rolling contacts, such as contact springs, for electric cooperation with the respective ones of the conductors or rails, which may be subject
  • this invention utilizes the known technology indicated by way of introduction and is based on an arrangement for metal detection, said arrangement is related to a vehicle-related control unit and a vehicle-related charging system for adapting in an electrically, i.a. by one or more batteries or a set of batteries, conveyable vehicle being driven along a stretch of a roadway and its associated roadway sections or portions.
  • This system may comprise; “a” a plurality of roadway sections or portions subdividing the extension or stretch of the roadway, wherein each one of these roadway sections or portions is allotted one or more elongated tracks, grooves or slots, having introduced there in conductor bare surfaces such as conductors or strips, which may be supplied with power of current and which may be placed under voltage by means of a switch to one or more power sources external to the vehicle, such as electric stations, so as thereby to be able to charge said set of batteries allotted to the vehicle, but primarily over said set of batteries driving the vehicle along the extension of the roadway and its roadway portions, and “b” one or more vehicles which may be driven by an electric motor or motors and wherein the respective vehicles exhibit a power control circuit for required power adapted for creating a required power and/or speed control, wherein said vehicle, on its underneath side, is provided with an up and down and sideways, respectively, counted crosswise to the direction of transportation of the vehicle, displaceable contact means as a current collector and in which said elong
  • one or more coils sensing the variation of the magnetic field is based on a horizontal distance between the coils and metal parts allotted to the canalization and/or a vertical distance between the coils and the canalization, are coordinated with a control equipment.
  • one, two or more coils generating a magnetic field are vehicle-related and that said tracks are formed in a rail consisting of metal, the upper portions of which are intended to engage the roadway of the road section.
  • two coils related to the vehicle are adapted to sense the magnetic field and to effect the current collector over associated assisting motors over control equipment for cooperation with the tracks and the conductors, which may be subjected to voltage, and which are introduced into the tracks.
  • the distance between the roadway and the coils related to the vehicle is adapted to be below 15 centimeters, such as between 10 and 1 centimeters.
  • Said coil is comprised of two coil sections and one coil for generating the magnetic field and that these are positioned adjacent to each other crosswise to the driving direction of the vehicle.
  • the control equipment is adapted to affect the assisting motors to lower the current collector into contact with conductors, placed under voltage, when the sensed magnetic field becomes reduced and thereafter to increase towards “0”-potential.
  • the In control equipment is adapted to sense when a generated counter voltage from the coils from the relevant magnetic field has been reduced and begins to increase towards “0”-potential and thereafter to affect the assisting motors in lowering the current collector into contact with conductors subjected to voltage.
  • Said control equipment is adapted to discern a minimum value, a maximum value and/or a “0”-value valid for identifying a track from false measuring values.
  • Said two coils are disposed close to each other and surrounded by a third coil fed by an alternating voltage.
  • the coils related to the vehicle are to be adapted to sense the varying magnetic field and to actuate the current collector over control equipment, over auxiliary motors, for cooperation with the tracks and the conductors which may be subjected to electric voltage and which are disposed in the tracks or vice versa.
  • FIG. 1A shows a perspective view of a vehicle, illustrated as a Ford Model A, converted to being battery powered and having an electrically powered engine or motor, a control circuit controlling the power for speed control and adaptation to an instantaneously acting load and necessary power, as well as a control arrangement or control equipment intended for use in driving and steering the vehicle,
  • FIG. 1B shows a perspective view of a truck with a trailer and with a control circuit controlling the power in accordance with the basic principles of FIG. 1A ,
  • FIG. 1C shows in an overview three vehicle-related power sources, a first one (“I”), a diesel generator, a second one (“II”), a battery or a battery set, and a third one (“III”), an external source of power to the vehicle, feeding electric power to parallel conductor surfaces, such as rails or strips, which may be subjected to power or voltage and which surfaces are arranged in continuous grooves in a roadway and coordinated to a vehicle-related control circuit, which in response to a necessary supplied power to an electric motor makes possible the selection of all or a combination of the power-feeding sources of energy, wherein the power control is illustrated here as a throttle having its motion related to a control circuit “R 2 ”,
  • FIG. 1D illustrates a P/t-diagram (power/time) wherein full power or reduced power is to be transferred over the control circuit to the vehicle to pass along a roadway, its road sections or portions and its conductors or strips,
  • FIG. 2 basically shows an electric arrangement related to a vehicle having control equipment for controlling a current collector or commutator arranged against electric contact surfaces, with paired conductors shaped as rails or strips for enabling parallel operation of an electric vehicle-related motor from one or both of the two power sources (first and second ones) related to the vehicle and/or from a stationary (third) source of power related externally to the vehicle or the peripheral (third) source of power,
  • FIG. 3 shows an end view of a vehicle with its downwardly directed contact means or current collectors in the form of sliding contacts, in cooperation with two individual contact surfaces, as conductors, strips or rails, allotted to the road section or portion and being under power or tension,
  • FIG. 4 shows an example of an electric arrangement in which a number of road sections or portions are provided with parallel contact surfaces, as conductors or strips under power or tension, each one being connectable over a switch to its vehicle external or peripheral electric station and in which roadway section or portion after roadway section or portion may be activated and are placed under power of voltage by activating a coupling means or a switch over a control unit as said vehicle passes roadway section after roadway section,
  • FIG. 5 illustrates an embodiment of a detecting arrangement adapted as a metal detector in accordance with the present invention, wherein a canalization allotted to the roadway is made of a metal, steel, and exhibits two tracks with introduced conductors, which may be subjected to electric voltage, and with a double coil allotted to the vehicle for sensing a variable magnetic field generated by a third coil surrounding the arrangement with the double coils.
  • FIG. 6 shows a perspective view of the embodiment of FIG. 5 with two coil sensing variable magnetic fields, said coils being adapted to control equipment for independence of stored criteria being able to actuate a first assistant motor for bringing the current collectors down for cooperation with electric conductors or vice versa and/or to be able to make a second assistant motor give the current collectors horizontal direction over the tracks with the electric conductors.
  • FIG. 7 shows, similarly to FIG. 1D , a diagram of power versus time, illustrating the momentary power withdrawal while the vehicle passes from roadway section to roadway section, and
  • FIG. 8 shows a variation of a magnetic field as a variation in voltage in dependence of the distance between the coils sensing the varying magnetic field and being opposingly connected to each other.
  • FIG. 1A shows a system “S” adapted for driving an electrically, and by one or more batteries or a set of batteries, propellable vehicle 1 along a stretch of a roadway 2 and its roadway sections or portions 2 a 1 and 2 a 1 ′.
  • the vehicle 1 consists of a Ford Model A, but this is converted to a battery powered vehicle having continuous access to an external third source of power or energy, which here is designated “III” and “s 1 ” for a stationary station.
  • the vehicle 1 according to the invention is also to comprise a not shown steering arrangement 3 or steering equipment so that a driver “F” (not shown) can drive and steer the vehicle 1 along said stretch of roadway 2 and its road section or portion 2 a 1 .
  • Vehicle 1 would also be able to include a gear box and other parts and components which are required for advancing the vehicle, but as these parts are well-known to a person skilled in the art they will not be described in detail.
  • an electrically driven vehicle 1 does not need a gear box as speed control and adapted power can occur over known electric and electronic circuits.
  • FIG. 1B shows an electrically propellable truck 1 b with a connected trailer 1 c along the stretch of roadway 2 , 2 a and its associated roadway section or portion 2 a 1 .
  • FIG. 1C clearly shows two vehicle-related and vehicle-associated sources of power, which here are designated “I” and “II”, a “first” one in the form of a diesel generator “G”, a “second” one in the form of a battery or a set of batteries “B”, and a “third” one “III” in the form of a source of power, positioned externally of the vehicle 1 , here taking the form of parallel conductive surfaces, such as conductors, rails or strips, which may be subjected to power or voltage over switching means or switches, and introduced into tracks, grooves and/or a cavity along each roadway section or portion along the entire stretch of the road 2 .
  • I vehicle-related and vehicle-associated sources of power
  • the three sources of power are coordinated to a vehicle-related power control circuit 100 , which in response to a power supplied to an electric driving motor 5 chooses all or a combination of the three power feeding energy sources “I”, “II” and “III”, respectively.
  • the power control is illustrated as a throttle 100 a , the movement of which upwards and downwards is connected to a control circuit “R 2 ” in power control circuit 100 , which in turn is related to a circuit “R 1 ” distributing power and energy between the three power sources.
  • FIG. 1D illustrates how full power or reduced power can be distributed and transferred for passage of the vehicle 1 , 1 b along different roadway sections or portions 2 a 1 of a roadway or stretch of a roadway 2 with the help of said circuit “R 1 ” and control circuit “R 2 ” and the power control circuit “100”.
  • Reduced removal of power from power sources “I” and “II” is basically illustrated between the points of time t 3 -t 4 , whereas power source “III” is shown disconnected in this case.
  • Reduced removal of power from power sources “II” and “III” is illustrated basically between the points of time t 5 -t 6 .
  • the invention is based on that the set of batteries “B” and the second power source “II” but particularly the third power source “III” primarily shall, over the distributing circuit “R 1 ”, supply motor 5 with power and for this purpose the set of batteries “II”, “B” will have to have stored power and apart from this will have to be dimensioned so as to drive motor 5 at full power.
  • the set of batteries “II”, “B” is primarily to be trickle charged via power source “III”, “s 1 ” and secondarily to be trickle charged or charged over power source “I”, “G”.
  • the power or energy from power sources “I” and “III” can be chosen to be 5-30% of the power or energy associated with power source “II”, “B”, such as around 25%.
  • the supply of power or voltage to motor 5 can be chosen to +400 VDC and ⁇ 400 VDC, i.e. the voltage value of 800 VDC is to be fed to the motor 5 .
  • System “S” in FIG. 1A is then primarily to comprise “a” one or more over an individual electric motor 5 or motors electrically powerable vehicles 1 , 1 b , with the respective vehicle exhibiting a power distributing and/or controlling control circuit “R 1 ” within said power control circuit 100 and for creating a necessary power and/or a speed control via a control circuit “R 2 ” and a throttle arrangement 100 a.
  • the necessary output power is to be supplied primarily by the vehicle-internal power source of energy “II”, “B”, which secondarily is to be placed under trickle charging from the third power source of energy “III”, “s 1 ”.
  • the stretch of a roadway 2 is in FIG. 4 shown divisible into road sections or portions 2 a ( 2 a 1 , 2 a 2 , 2 a 3 ); 2 b ( 2 a 1 ′, 2 a 2 ′ and 2 a 3 ′), wherein each one to advantage can be allotted to an external power source “III”, which here is illustrated as a number of electric stations “s 1 ”, “s 2 ”, “s 3 ”; “s 1 ′”, “s 2 ′”, “s 3 ′”.
  • the third power source “III”, “s 1 ”, external to the vehicle 1 and/or the first power source “I”, “G”, associated with the vehicle one or both can thereby be utilized for supplementary charging the set of batteries “II”, “B” of the vehicle 1 during an adapted time sequence of power removal from this set of batteries.
  • any additional necessary power and energy for driving the vehicle 1 over a road section or portion 2 a 1 can be supplied via power source “I”, “G” associated with the vehicle.
  • FIG. 2 basically shows an electrical/mechanical switching arrangement “K” related to a vehicle 1 , ( 1 b ) in a schematically illustrated vehicle-related arrangement in the form of control equipment 10 for controlling a contact member or a current remover or collector 4 associated with the vehicle 1 and to an electric contact with pairs of contact surfaces, as leads or strips, which may be placed under power or voltage and in the form of rails or strips 4 a , 4 b for the possible common driving in parallel of an electric motor 5 from the set of batteries “II”, “B” and/or from the stationary station “III”, “s 1 ” and/or from the diesel generator “I”, “G”.
  • current remover or collector 4 is related to a support 6 which may be displaced upwards and downwards vertically by means of a first electric auxiliary motor 7 and may be moved sideways back and forth by a second electric auxiliary motor 8 .
  • auxiliary motors 7 , 8 which are required for this movement with the assistance of sensors, are not shown in detail.
  • Both auxiliary motor 7 and auxiliary motor 8 may be activated in a movement directed forward and backward, wherein a first motion is activated over a first signal on a first conductor 7 a and a first signal over a first conductor 8 a , respectively, whereas a second (opposite) motion is activated by means of a second signal over conductors 7 a and 8 a , respectively, while the instantaneous setting positions of motors 7 , 8 and support 6 are evaluated by one or more, not shown, sensors and are indicated by means of a generated signal on a second conductor or lead 7 b and 8 b , respectively.
  • These signals on the first conductors 7 a , 8 a are generated in a central unit or a power control circuit 100 having control equipment 10 , and signals on the second conductor 7 b and 8 b are generated in the same central circuit 100 , while utilizing position sensors (not shown).
  • Said power control circuit 100 with control equipment 10 is a complex unit, which i.a. over a sensor 16 is to be able to sense the existence of and the orientation of conductor surfaces, as conductors or strips 4 a , 4 b , and thereafter lower the current remover or collector 4 by means of auxiliary motor 7 to electric contact with these two conductors 4 a , 4 b , which here are illustrated as being placed under voltage.
  • the current collector or remover 4 conduct current and voltage from power source “s 1 ”, “III” over to the power and energy distributing circuit “R 1 ”.
  • the latter or a control circuit “R 2 ” senses the power requirement of motor 5 over its central unit 100 and primarily feeds motor 5 with the power it needs, according to the input signal on the connection or conductor 10 a and generated output signal on the connection or conductor 10 b so as thereby to load the stationary system “III”, “s 1 ” and supplement the power and energy requirements over battery setting “II”, “B”.
  • FIG. 3 shows an end view of a vehicle 1 , ( 1 b ) with its downwardly directed current collector or remover 4 in mechanical and electrical cooperation with the two live contact surfaces, as conductors, rails or strips 4 a , 4 b associated with road portion 2 a 1 ′ and a connection 4 c to ground.
  • FIG. 4 shows an electric switching arrangement “K 1 ”, in which roadway section or portion after roadway section or portion 2 a 1 , 2 a 2 , 2 a 3 and 2 a 1 ′, 2 a 2 ′ and 2 a 3 ′, respectively, with their station or stations “s 1 ”, “s 2 ”, “s 3 ” and “s 1 ′”, s 2 ′′ and “s 3 ”, respectively, can be activated and made to conduct power as voltage from one and the same controlled power source “III”, 42 over switching means and switches 43 a , 44 a , and 45 a for one stretch of a roadway 2 a and 43 a ′, 44 a ′ and 45 a ′ along the opposite stretch of a roadway 2 b , depending on whether a vehicle 1 , 1 b will pass along the electrically separate but with longitudinal tracks or grooves coordinated roadway 2 a , 2 b sections or portions.
  • FIG. 5 shows an arrangement in which one, two, or more coils Sp 1 , Sp 2 , sensing a magnetically disturbed field, are vehicle-related, wherein tracks 51 , 52 are formed in a canalization or rail 30 ′ consisting of metal and having its upper portions 30 a ′ intended to connect to the roadway 2 a 1 of the roadway section 30 .
  • a third coil Sp 3 is adapted to surround coils Sp 1 and Sp 2 , respectively, so as to generate a magnetic field.
  • Coils Sp 1 , Sp 2 which are related to vehicle 1 , are adapted to sense the magnetic field changed by the passage over rail 30 ′ and, at a “0”-value, to actuate current collector 4 over control equipment 10 by means of allotted assistant motors 7 , ( 8 ), for cooperation with the track or tracks and the conductors 4 a , 4 b introduced into two tracks 51 , 52 and being supplied with voltage.
  • the distance “h” between the metal portions related to roadway 2 a 1 for the canalization and the coils Sp 1 related to the vehicle can be adapted to less than 15 centimeters, such as between 10 and 1 centimeters.
  • FIG. 5 illustrates that said coils consist of two coils Sp 1 , Sp 2 sensing the magnetic field and being disposed after each other across the driving direction of the vehicle and a third coil Sp 3 through which a current (and alternating current) is to pass for generating a magnetic field which successively is to be disturbed by rail 30 ′.
  • Control equipment 20 is adapted, when the magnetic field from the two coils Sp 1 and Sp 2 operating against each other has been reduced and begins to increase, so as at “0” to affect the auxiliary motors 7 , ( 8 ) to lower the current collector 4 to contact with conductors 4 a , 4 b , subjected to voltage.
  • Control equipment 10 is also adapted to discern between a minimum value and a maximum value and/or a “0”-value serving to identify a false track from false values.
  • the two coils Sp 1 , Sp 2 (but also coil Sp 3 ) are oriented and intended to be displaced “V” relative to tracks 51 , 52 and/or to road portion 2 a 1 .
  • the principle of the invention is based on the insight that by positioning rail 30 ′ in road section 2 a 1 a detector 16 adjacent to current collector 4 can detect a changed magnetic field by means of coils Sp 1 and Sp 2 , respectively, and thereby at a “0”-passage for generated voltage localize where the tracks 51 , 52 are positioned.
  • FIG. 6 has the purpose of showing the embodiment of FIG. 5 more specifically in a perspective view.
  • One, two, or more magnetic fields generated by an electric current “I” occur over coil Sp 3 , whereas over coils Sp 1 and Sp 2 , respectively, a variation of the magnetic field is sensed when the latter is disturbed by canalization 30 ′ and all coils are related to vehicles.
  • Said tracks 51 , 52 are made in a rail 30 ′ consisting of metal, whose upper portions 30 a ′ are adapted to engage the roadway of road section 2 a 1 .
  • Rail 30 ′ is made of a steel material or the like and with internal insulation and conductors 4 a , 4 b.
  • FIG. 6 illustrates a condition in which pairs of current collectors 41 a , 41 b for a first track 51 are disposed over said track 51 .
  • Current collectors 42 a , 42 b in pairs for a second track 52 are disposed directly over track 52 .
  • the bottom of track 51 supports the conductor 4 a , which may be subjected to voltage or which is subjected to voltage, whereas the bottom of track 52 supports conductor 4 b.
  • the existence of two coils Sp 1 and Sp 2 sensing the change of the magnetic field is indicated, which coils are firmly related to current conductors 41 a , 41 b and 42 a , 42 b , respectively, and are to follow along in the horizontal movement of the current collectors for detecting the existence of and the instantaneous position of the tracks 51 and 52 firmly related to roadway 2 a 1 .
  • the magnetic field is generated by a third coil Sp 3 .
  • the sensed signals from coils Sp 1 and Sp 2 which are dependent of the instantaneous magnetic field, are supplied to control equipment 10 as input signals.
  • Calculating circuit 10 a 1 can also generate an output signal for actuating auxiliary motor 8 .
  • Magnetic fields are stored in memory 10 a 2 depending on the horizontal distance ( ⁇ x; +x) from tracks 51 , 52 , and the vertical distance “h” is stored in memory 10 a 3 whereas other relevant criteria are stored in memory 10 a 4 .
  • the latter illustrates a diagram of power/time valid between times t 7 and t 8 when vehicle 1 is to pass road sections 2 a 1 , 2 a with different requirements of power.
  • curve “P 1 ” illustrates the distribution in time of the necessary variable power to motor 5 of vehicle 1 in kW
  • curve “P 2 ” intends to illustrate the power level (here chosen to be constant) from the third source of energy III, “s 1 ”
  • curve “P 3 ” illustrates the varying power that battery set “II”; “B” stands for
  • curve “P 4 ” illustrates the temperable power that the first power source “I”, i.a. “G” can generate.
  • FIG. 8 illustrates the negative total voltage from coils Sp 1 -Sp 2 in a curve showing voltage and distance, as these coils are successively moved from a position “ ⁇ x” past value “0” and along to a position “+x”.
  • the invention thus indicates connecting coil Sp 3 to a generator, whereby a current of high frequency will pass through the coil.
  • a high-frequency magnetic field is generated and passes through the two coils Sp 1 and Sp 2 , respectively.
  • individual voltages are induced.
  • coil Sp 3 being able to be utilized as a phase reference in a phase-correct rectifier.
  • FIG. 8 shows how a phase-correct rectified voltage “V” looks when the coil arrangement Sp 1 , Sp 2 , and Sp 3 , respectively, is moved over rail 30 ′ and its track 51 , 52 .
  • control equipment 10 for controlling the contact or current collector 4 :
  • each shown unit and/or circuit can be combined with each other illustrated unit and/or circuit within the frame of being able to reach the desired technical function.
  • FIGS. 1 to 4 Some of the following reference numerals have been introduced into FIGS. 1 to 4 ;

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Remote Sensing (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Transportation (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Geology (AREA)
  • General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Geophysics (AREA)
  • Electric Propulsion And Braking For Vehicles (AREA)
  • Current-Collector Devices For Electrically Propelled Vehicles (AREA)
US13/638,872 2010-04-01 2011-03-31 System adapted for one or more electrically propellable vehicles (arrangement for metal detection) Active US8763773B2 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
SE1000330A SE1000330A1 (sv) 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 Ett för ett eller flera, elektriskt framdrivbara, fordon anpassat system (Metalldetektor)
SE1000330 2010-04-01
SE1000330-9 2010-04-01
PCT/SE2011/050384 WO2011123053A1 (fr) 2010-04-01 2011-03-31 Système conçu pour un ou plusieurs véhicules propulsables électriquement (agencement pour détection de métal)

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US20130020165A1 US20130020165A1 (en) 2013-01-24
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EP (1) EP2552735B1 (fr)
CN (1) CN102883908B (fr)
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US20160031337A1 (en) * 2014-07-29 2016-02-04 Ka Fat Li Road for charging electric vehicle
US20170203655A1 (en) * 2016-01-19 2017-07-20 Ford Global Technologies, Llc Controlling operation of electrified vehicle travelling on inductive roadway to influence electrical grid
US20170253135A1 (en) * 2016-03-02 2017-09-07 Alstom Transport Technologies Recharging installation for the electric conduction recharging of a vehicle

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SE1000330A1 (sv) * 2010-04-01 2011-08-30 Elways Ab Ett för ett eller flera, elektriskt framdrivbara, fordon anpassat system (Metalldetektor)
SE1000323A1 (sv) * 2010-04-01 2011-03-22 Elways Ab Ett, för ett eller flera, elektriska framdrivbara, fordon anpassat system. (Armformat kontaktmedel)
SE1000327A1 (sv) * 2010-04-01 2011-08-23 Elways Ab En för ett eller flera, elektriskt framdrivbara, fordon anpassad skenkonstruktion
SE536043C2 (sv) * 2010-04-01 2013-04-16 Elways Ab Ett för ett elektriskt framdrivbart fordon anpassat system (Överlastbegränsning)
SE535126C2 (sv) * 2010-04-01 2012-04-24 Elways Ab Skenkonstruktion
US9597969B2 (en) * 2013-08-06 2017-03-21 Amres Network Coalition, LLC Systems and methods for providing in-road electric conductivity boxes and on-vehicle descent and pivot contacts for vehicles
EP4129754A1 (fr) * 2016-03-29 2023-02-08 Elonroad AB Procédé et système de route électrique permettant la distribution d'énergie électrique à des véhicules pendant le déplacement
CN108169798B (zh) * 2017-12-28 2019-08-16 乐清市秋瑞软件开发有限公司 一种便于调节工作高度的机电一体化金属检测仪
EP3815953B1 (fr) 2019-10-30 2022-05-04 Elways AB Véhicule propulsable électriquement comprenant un collecteur de courant
CN117136146A (zh) 2021-03-12 2023-11-28 布鲁维恩创新私人有限责任公司 用于为电动车辆供电的系统
SE2251017A1 (en) * 2022-09-05 2024-01-09 Evias Ab System comprising at least one electrically propellable vehicle

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US20160031337A1 (en) * 2014-07-29 2016-02-04 Ka Fat Li Road for charging electric vehicle
US9637018B2 (en) * 2014-07-29 2017-05-02 Ka Fat Li Road for charging electric vehicle
US20170203655A1 (en) * 2016-01-19 2017-07-20 Ford Global Technologies, Llc Controlling operation of electrified vehicle travelling on inductive roadway to influence electrical grid
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SE534458C2 (sv) 2011-08-30
IL222122A (en) 2016-09-29
DK2552735T3 (en) 2017-10-09
CN102883908B (zh) 2015-12-02
SE1000330A1 (sv) 2011-08-30
WO2011123053A1 (fr) 2011-10-06
EP2552735A4 (fr) 2016-04-20
EP2552735B1 (fr) 2017-07-19
EP2552735A1 (fr) 2013-02-06
CN102883908A (zh) 2013-01-16
US20130020165A1 (en) 2013-01-24

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