US874850A - Generator. - Google Patents

Description

L PATENTED DEC. 24, 1907. J. M. W. KITCHEN.

GENERATOR.

APPLICATION FILED MAR.15.1906.

4 SHEETS-SHEET I.

ln'ven tor PATENTED DEC. 24, 1907. J. M. W. KITCHEN. I

GENERATOR.

APPLIOATION FILED MAB.15.1906.

4 SHEETS-SHEET z.

Inventor No. 874,850. PATENTED DEC. 24, 1907.

J. M. W. KITCHEN.

- Inventor:

At st: I i

' Mwkfitf A y No. 874,850. I ZPATENTED 1130124, 1907. J M. w. KITCHEN.

GENERATOR;

APPLIUATION FILED MAE.15.1906.

4 SHEETS-:WEBT 4.

M. Iv Atty JOSEPH MOSES WARD KITCHEN, EAST ORANGE, NEW JERSEY.

GENERATOR.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented Dec. 24, 1907.

Application filed March 15.1906. Serial No. 306,223-

T 0 all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, JOSEPH Mosns WARD KITCHEN, a citizen of the United States of America, and a resident of East Orange, Essex county, New Jersey, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Steam- Generators, of which the following is a specification.

My invention consists of a system of elements, the combined function of which sccures economy in power production. The system is novel in the relative arrangement of the elements; and most of the elements of novel structure.

The prominent elements consist of a furnace, automatic feeding grates, and other fuel burning economizing features, a peculiar combustion chamber, a boiler and combined economizer, a combustion engine, a gas producer, a steam super-heater, a system for introducing a compressed power transmitting fluid. between the combustion engine and a prime motor, a steam condenser and air heater, a system for actuating motors and the motors used in the. generator, means for producing induced and forced draft in correct proportions, a water purifier and evaporator, and various pumps for compressing air, steam and water, and for exhausting.

For convenience of considerathm the gen orator may be described as l'iaving twofronts and two sides.

In the accompanying drawings: Figure 1 represents a vertical cross vi cw of my invention, taken from one side and in the line of cc Fi 2, with parts left out for clcarness, is partly insection, and parts are broken away. Fig. 2 represents myinvcntion taken from one front and in the line of b--b, Fig. 1 and is a vertical cross vicw partly in section, with parts broken away, and with parts left out for clearness. Fig. 3 is a cross horizontal view of my generator, taken in the line of a-a, Fig. 1, partly in section, partly broken away, and parts left out for clearness. Fig. 4 is a vertical side view of a chain grate, fuel hopper, and combustion pit wall, comprised in my invention, on a larger scale. Fig. 5 represents a single link of the chain grate and is on a still larger scale, as is also Fig. 6, which represents a series of links joined by bolts. Fig. 7 is an end sectional view of a part of my invention, which is located immediately above the chain grate, and is part of the wall surrounding the combustion cham-v her; it comprises means for introducing over fire air for combustion, a fire arch, and a fuel shunting surface. Fig. 8 is a side view of the air introducing means shown. in. Fig. 7. Fig. 9 represents a metallic plate used in facmg and having attached thereto fuel introducing and grate shaking motors. Fig. 10 represents on a larger scale headers and tubes used in the construction of the boiler. Figs. 11, 12 and 13 represent parts of an ash pit register or ash discharger.

The reference characters represent like parts in all the drawings.

The elements of the invention are in and are grouped. around and above acentrally located combustion chamber C Figs. 1, and 3. This chamber has a vertically disposed very high run. It is surrounded by a heavy brick wall, TV, Figs. 1, and 3, built up from a solid foundation, and partly supported by a steel frame L, Figs. 1, and 3. This is lined with fire brick. In the lower art of the combustion chamber are locate four chain grates, represented by Gr, Figs. 1, 2, 3 and 4, and two combustion pits represented by 0*, Fig. 2. These pits have unusual depth and width for holding a very thick bed of fuel, most of the fixed fuel being burned in them with the aid of a forced draft of heated air and some steam. A low dividingwall W Figs. 2 and 3, separates the two chain grates and one combustion pit on one front from those on the other front, thus enabling separate observation of the fire surfaces and stoking management to be in manual reach from either front of the. combustion chamber. Underneath the floor line are tunnels D, Fig. 1, running parallel with the two fronts, enabling ashes to be. drawninto ash cars from the ash doors D Figs. 1 and 2.

At the top of the combustion chamber C are suspended shell boilers B, Figs. -1 and 2, from steel beams L, which rest on the masonry sides of the walls of the combustion chamber, and which are also connected with the general steel skeleton supporting frame L, Figs. 1, and 3. At each front of the generator and adjoining the combustion chamber, is a heating cavity H, Figs. 1, 2 and 3, in which are suspended water tubes section E, Figs. 1', 2 and 3, having water tubes T, Figs. 1, 2, 3 and 10, w th headers T, T T and T These. sections are all hung-and arranged in their relation to other parts so that any section can be lifted from and removed from the cavity in which it hangs. The inthe lower front faces of my invention,.

terior of any header or tube can be reached and cleansed by removing a screw plug open- I ing into the lumen of each. A group of secheader T I The cross headers T and T are only of a width equal to each'group of sections, and feed. water is run .into each bottom cross header T from the general feed pipe U, Fig;

1. Valves are placed both at the extreme top and extreme bottom of-each-group of,

headers so that if needed the generator may remam in commission even if one grou of sections may need cleaning or remova for fore noted. Gold feed water isforeed in at the bottom of each group of vertical tubes, and isgradually heated in its ascent, most of the steam being disengaged in the shell boilers B. Unlike-most other boilers, the best efficiency of this one depends in connection with heat absor tion on the lowest'possi ble temperature 0 the feed water. The heating cavities extend from the combustion chamber outwardly to the two fronts. These cavities are surrounded by masonry walls W which clean out doors E are conveniently located, through which the interior of the cavities may be cleaned with a steam spray. In certain cases I may use a mee anically actuated rising and descending scraper in these cavities. The lowest level of t e cavities is at a height above that of the height of a man, for the purpose of allowing the stoking attendant to walk under them and come close to the combustion chamber, the several grates, and to the passage ways'provided at either side of the combustion'chamber on the ground level. Access to these passage ways, which contain fuel hoppers Q, is gained through the doors A and from one front to the other through the doors A which are located in a dividing wall W Fig. ,3. The space on both sides of the combustion chamber is divided into two air shafts Y by the Wall IV. To the front of the shafts;Y'* are other shafts Y on either side of the heating cavities.

Induced air for combustion is drawn into the shafts Y through the ventilators V Fig. 2, up through the shafts Y, to and through the openin P, Fig. 1, in the wall W, thence down the s aft Y? under and up through the chain grates, up through the combustion chamber 0, through the gas openings O Fig. 1, down through the heating cavities H .to

' the lowest levels of said cavities, and thence horizontally? through numerous small flues intothe larger smoke flue F, to .the smoke upward back to the boiler through the repair. There is'no circulation in this boiler as generally understood other than that bestack S, Fig. 1. The gases are uted through a number of horiisontally placed pipes at the bottom ofthefheating cavities, in order to get a uniformiedistribution of the heat'in the cavities. Each of these outlets is governed by a piston shaped oroth'er formed valve F all of which may be removed to clean the bottom of the cavities H, and also may be so dis osfled as to uniformly.distribu te the out ow of the gas tlnough them. The draft thus indueedis created by the fan I, actuated by its motor'Y.

Theheating cavities II are surrounded by the brick. walls IV, which are supported in."

part by the general steel frame The-bottom of each cavity is inclosed b I non-conducting movable slabsH Fig. 1, aving metallic frames H Fig: 1 in the drawings.

-ness of aperture is allowed, and the sections E swing from the top by chains depending from the beams .L, and by the-resting of the headers T on the outer masonry walls W. The tops of the sections at the highest level of the cavities are covered in with'non-conduct, 1 ing material, notshown, as also are the shell boilers B. Coal bins N, Fig. 1, are connected with fuel chutes'J, Figs. 1 and 2, which discharge into the hoppers Q, Figs. 1 and 2, which feed on to the chain grates. The chutes J also discharge into thedust feeders J Fig. 2. In the generator as here shown rovision is made for burning bituminous co ing coal on the grates in the lower part of the combustion chamber, it being coked in bein drawn into the combustion pit C The co red fuel falls into the pit C and is burned there in a thick bed, by the use of a forced draft, introduced under the grate G with or without steam introduced through the pipes R Figs. 2 and 4. In addition to this fuel, anthracite dust or small'sized anthracite coal is fed from the top L of the combustion chamber from the feeders,

J motor actuated rolls under control determining the-amount fed. The dustdropping along the Walls at the sides of the combustion chamber strikes the curved shunting surfaces W of the fire arches K, Figs. 1, 2 and 7,

and is shunted towards the combustion pit,

being more or less diffused in the rising gases, and 1S burned in the atmosphere of the com' bustion chamber, the larger articles of the fuel gravitating to the fueilmass below. Over fire air for combustion is forcibly introduced through the twyer apertures W Figs.

1, 2 and 7. The air for forced draft is supplied by the fan Z, Fig. 2, actuated by its motor Y'. The air thus supplied is drawn through a preliminary air heater, which is X which float on the top ofthe water by -means of the connected flexible tubes X".

The air for combustion is further heated by being forced through the condenser R, Figs.

1 and 2, passing through vertical tubes therein placed, the air entering at the bottom and emerging from the top, being heated by exhaust steam intrmliwed at the top of the condenser through the ()POJUHg'R Figs. 1 and. 2.

"lhe air, after being heated by the waste steam, is further forced through the air conduits A, Figs. 1. and 2, and is carried into the equalizing distributcr box A, Fig. 7, through the metallic brackets W and contracted twycr ,ope'nings' VW, into the combustion chamber, tliere expanding and blowing the volatilizing" gases generated on the chain grates towards the zone of the greatest heat at the center of the combustion chamber.

Any excess of heated air not needed for under grate or over fire combustion escapes through the overflow valves 'V', Fig. 1, and is drawn under and through the chain grates; the amount of air for combustion needed at any pointis controlled by valves V, Fig. 1. Much of this heatedair is carried to and discharged into the 'upie'r part of the ash pits under 'the grates of the combustion pits, The air for induced draft is somewhat heated from the radiation from the sides of the combustion chamber in its course up and down through the shafts Y and Y P, 1 and 2, represents a water puri- VVaste steam is conveyed therethrough in the pipes P passing horizontally from, one end to the other; unpuriiied Water is passed through the purifier P at a level covering the pipes P It enters at' the opposite end from theend where the waste steam enters, and its flow is regulated by valves on the inflow and outflow pipes. The outflow pipe is carried to a low level and discharges into a water seal, not shown in the drawings, to prevent inflow of air being drawn into the vaporizer when a vacuumis created therein. There is space in the vaporizer above the maintained water line, and an exhausting pumpD, Fig. 2, connnunicates therewithv \Vhen the water in the vaporizer is heated and the pump Df is working, vapor arises from the water and is forced into the air heater and. condenser it ata level where about the same temperature prevails leading to the pump D, Fig. 2.

ice].

as that of the vapor introduced. After descending to the bottom of the condenser, any excess of vapor along with air and water of condensation is forced by the pumpkD, Fig. 2, into the higher levels of the tank and to the ash pit pipe R inducing more or less of a vacuum in the condenser 1t. As the water which enters the vaporizer P througlii the pipe P progresses towards the other end, it becomes more dense from the accumulation of earthy salts and organic impurities, which escape ordinarily through the, outflow pi e P". The whole vaporizer can be internal cleaned by means ofthe blow-out pipe andthe hand hole P, Fig. 1.

D is the conduit for air and Water. leading to pump D. D-, Fig. 1, is the water conduit C, Fig. 2, represents a producer gas apparatus; C represents a combustion engine;'M represents a water pump, and M represents a combined combustion engine and compressor, for comressing a medium for transmitting power lromthe combustion enginM to a motor. This compressor is used for compressing steam generated from the waste heat of the combustion engine, or for compressing and forcing steam through a super-heater, such as B Fig. 2, in the cavity Z and for forcing said compressed steam into a storage and pressure equalizing inclosed tank, not shown in the drawings. Such a tank would be of ordinary cylindrical type, made of unusually strong pressure resisting sheet metal.

The object of the mechanical compression 'of steam is to allow of the production of usually strong construction, but because of the lesser Weight of metal, which Would be then needed in the general boilers of the generator, this related arrangement would be econom- The pump M takes cold water from the bottom of the tank X, and forces it into the main leading to the feed water pipe-U, and to the various motors Y, actuating the fuel feeders, draft fans, shakers, and other economizing features. Pressure in the water mains is maintained and equalized by connection through the pipe M, Fig. 2, with the tank M, Fig. 2, the upper part of which acts as a compression air chamber. This tank is supplied with a safety valve M and with a water level gage and an automatic regulator for kee )ing the level of the water at a roper height in its relation to the compresse air in the tank. The gas producer C and the engines C and M are'connected with ordinary means, not shown in the drawings, for heating water and producin steam from the waste heat of the gas pro cer and from the combustion engines. The-steam thus pro-- duced may be run in with that roduced'by of super-heat impartedv to the steam 'zation'of the lead the hot boilers, by means of the compressor M The steam super-heater B Fig-.2, is located in a cavity separate from- *combustion chamher 0 of the boiler, but 'emrnunicatin therewith by the passa'mei "ta-high leve Hot ases are drawn through the passage 0 and own through theIeaa'iityZ by means of the inducing fan Z, the control of which, through an individual motor, determines the degree assmg therethrough, and which is introduced in the. bottom of the super-heater and taken out from the top through the (pipe B. The heating gases, after being awn through. the cavity Z by the fan Z are-blown into an ad;

jacent economizing cavity H at a level in which the usual temperature of the heating gases in the cavity H are ap roxiinately the same as those passing throug the fan Z In my invention in various partsyI introduce the principle of applying at the same.

.level heat of equal tem 'eratures; to heating surfaces, the apposite eat-absorbingmh dium of which is of a temperature not above that of the heat applied, butatja level in which the tem erature is not niuchzbelow that of the a p ied heat. Thus, in the utilieat of the combustion engine, I ases into an-economizer at an appro riate evel to a ply this. just men-' tione principle, as in icated in the economizer G ,-Fig. 2, wherefllustrative provision is made for applying such waste-heat at.

' several levels.

l The super-heater 2, is" strongly made, to resist high internal pressures, and is not 1n a position to be damaged by the direct exposure to the excessive "heat of very hot gases or flame, as is-the case where a superheater isint'roduced in acombustion chain'- 45 I ber.

Fig; 4 represents a side vertical view of a l ,chain grate G, a fuel hopper Q, and one lateral wall C of the combustion pit C four of which grates are'u'sed in the generator. The 50.

grate is supported on a sectional frame with a bed late B un-it'edjly held. rigid by the splice ate BE/[Two bracketed uprightsB" ai'egblo, tdto Bi,- a nd hold the two shafts of theFgrate; the shaft nearest the pit C has sprocket wheels which run in connection with the chain web, The actuating motor Y (see Fig. 9) is connected with this shaft,

andhence' the chain is tlrag ed away from thefuelhopper Q, instead 0 being pushed 'lhisprovision being main-- tained, and hence lessens friction. The sides of';the fuel hopperQ arecast in one piece. with the supporting bracket underthe hopper. Tliegearside. of the hopper Q is hinged atthe top to the hopper, and the side is hinged in itself at'Q. The cam Q pushes the side Qfinward, and thusregulates the flow of fuel onto the chain web.- Track beams B are bolted to and connect the bracketed uprights, and on these -tracks run the wheels included in the chain web. Fi 5 re resents one side view of on'echain We link i and the traveling wheels L 1 Fig; 6 represents a horizontalunder side turesof the tops of the-links, and to completely separate the fuel from the chain web and cause it toifall into the combustion pit. A duplicate chaingrate and wall being opposite to the one described, and at a. regulated distance from it, enables the fuel as it falls from both grates to more or less fill the combustion pit the level of the fue thereinbeing regulated by the rapidit with which the chain grates. are run and t e intensity of the enforced draft acting "throu h the pit, and the activity of the grate shahing mechanism actuating the grate bars of the grate G.

Fig. T represents the construction of the wall of both sides ofthe combustion chamber immediately above the chain grates. Heavy steel supporting beams L- are carried across and above the chain grates, and sup ort the masonry walls built' on them. Ietallic brackets W are bolted to. the su porting beams. Air cavities .run throug these brackets, connecting at one end with the air pipes A, and at the other end with the twyer vo 'enings W Specially formed fire brick arerun between the brackets, resting on curvatures on the sides of the brackets, and form the bottom of the fire arch K. These fire brick protect the metallic brackets from 'too great heat. Other s ecially' fo med brick are builtWe'r the brac ets, forming the surface of .the sluinting slope W of the lire arch K. The air tubes A fit in the bottom of the air distrihuter'box A and cone sha ed stoppers'are 'hung'into the to s of the tu es A, andare drawn u or let (ibwn by chains run-over the partial rim A actuated by a shaft. As the stoppers are more or less lowered, the entrance of air to the' air tiibes'is shut Ollffll'ld thus. the air for combustion can be distributed equally into the combustion chamber 0 through-the twyer openingsVv Fig. 8 shows area-r view of the parts shown vin Fig. 7.. The air goes into the box A through the air conductor A. The handle ll raises "and lowers the cone shaped stopners of the lifting air valves A". In the same iigure W shows. the fire brick in section, and

'W -a bracket in section.

grate bars. As this spur S is pulled one way after passing the lever a certain distance, the lever is released and is s rung back in place with a quick jerk by tie spring- S which action dislodges the ashes from the fuel mass in the combustion pit C. This jerking action is -repeated with each reciprocal passage of the tripping horizontal bar. A rotary motor may be used with this shaker. Water under pressure is carried to the several motors through the water conduits M", each of which has an independent valve, the manipulation of which re ulates the speed of the motors.

The, ash ischarger shown in Figs. 11, 12 andl3 is located below the combustion pit C ,.a'nd divides the ash pit there situated into an upper art and a lower part. G Fig 11, is the be plate of the discharger. G, Fig: 12, is'a sliding plate with ash moving ridges G. G is actuated by the handle G Fig.

12. In the several parts, G represents openings for the passage of ashes, and G is a retaining rim. This ash discharger allows ashes to be drawn from the ashes collected in the upper part of the ash pit at the bottom of the accumulated ashes, where the heat of the ashes has been conveyed upwardly, and allows particles of partly burned fuel, which pass through the grate G, to complete their combustion. The cool strata of ashes is sifted through the discharger into the lower part of the ash pit without carrying therewith the hot layer of ashes. G are ash chutes leading from below the chain grates. i t

The connection between the pump D ant the tank-X and the steam introducing pi )es R may be of any ordinary construction til at would suffice to separate the water of COD? densation from the air, vapor and steam. For example: If the connecting pipe is run to the floor line and then returned to the pipe X a" water seal of sufficient depth will be formed to prevent the air, vapor and steam passing, to X, while the water would gravitate thereand the lighter fluids would be forced through an offset and delivered into the up er part of the ash )it to the pipe It.

Oil i roni the engine collects on the surface of the water in the tank X and. then is removed.

I interpose steam or other appropriate mediums between the combustion engine and a prime motor in order to equalize the power produced by the ex losion of gases, making it more controllab e and to dilute sive force of the steam used in the the heat generated by the explosions, and thus secure an application of the explosive power in a motor, such as a turbine, without subjecting the motor to damaging heat.

Inthis genera-tor the prominence given to the force producing effect of the combustion engine in 1ts relation with the forge effected through the steam producing element proper would vary in accordance with varym attendant conditions. In large power p ants with conveniences for using chea low grades of fuel in large amounts, most oi the expanprime motor would be created in the boiler proper, directly from the, heat generated in the combustion chamber, and the explosive engine and its related steam compressor would be of secondary importance. In other cases, as, for example, in smaller more expensive fuel needed in makingproducer gas to use in the combustion engine,

plants using the that engine might be the principal factor in creating power, while the means for creating steam to interpose between the intense comparatively uncontrollable power created by explosion and the motor in which the steam isused, as for example in a turbine, would be of secondary importance; in some cases no outside'boiler requiring a separate fire would be used. In such cases the following parts and their connections would be used, viz: a producer gas generator preferably having a suction draft, a combined air heater" and cooler for the newly formed gas, a gas scrubher, a water jacketed combustion cylinder, a steam cylinder for sucking in steam of low pressure and forcing'it to the prime motor at high pressure, an economizer boiler to'receive the hot exhaust gases from the engine and generate low pressure steam therefrom, a circulatory connection between this boiler and the water jacket of the cylinder, a connecting pipe from the e'conomizing boiler to the steam exhausting and compressing cylinder, a water evaporator having the exhaust steam run there-through and also connecting with the steam cylinder. With this system in operation, the steam after its expansion in the prime motor would be used over and over again without losing much of its latent heat, merely needingreplenishing from the evaponzer.

I wish to emphasize the point that in this power generator I use the expansive force of explosive gases to compress waste steam and to force that compressed steamanywhere in the generator where its re-use is economically desirable, either to evaporate and purify feed water, to heat air, to use it under and through the fuel mass, or to force it into a boiler, or toheat it by forcing it through a super heater, or to use it re eatedly in a continuous round between anrrthrough a steam motor and the gas exploding compressing moans.

:What I claim as new, and-desire to secure byiLetters Patent, is

g 1. In a steam generator, the combination with a boiler, of means for producing power by gas explosion," means for. vutilzing said" p'owemn re -usmg'the heat .of exhauststeam, and a means for economizing the waste-heat I I of said first named means.

2.. ln asteam' generator, thecombination with-a boiler, of a first means for generating exploding gas, a second means for heat ,ing an :for', combustion, a third means for producing'ste'am from waste' heat, meansfor means, means for-inducing a partial vacuum 5 separatelydrawing said waste througheach .acguratelyapplying said heat to said means many desired amounts, means 'for the storagepf a compressed medium for power trans-l mission and for equalizing the pressure of an outflow of said medium from saidstorage said generator, and means for compressing a 'medium for power transmission, all of.

ing introduced-ate high level. and said air at said means co-acting with said boiler in producingsteam economically, and for reducing e, I the heatiwastes in power production, sub- I stantially' as shown and described.

c 3; In a steam generator, the combination with a'boiler;

waste steamga heating air, said steam bea lowl levelianfd conveyedto a high level 111 said meanafanieans for. exhausting air and I I water in saidffirst namedmeans, a means for haustmg'vaporend steam fromsaid means and for. compressing said vaporand steam,',

purifyingfandevaporating water and for exand means for conveying said vapor and steam into the first named means and under and into the 'fuel burned in said generator,

for the urpose of economically producingpower su stantially as shown and described.

v 4. In a steam generator having a boiler,-

' producing a vacuum in the said first named means and for producing urified water for I steam generation and for t e disengagement the combination of means forv taking exhaust steam-from a motor and for condensing said steam and for heating airwlth said steam,

and means for taking some of said steam and passing it'through a bed of burning fuel for ;of steam into its chemical elements preparameat tact with heat absorbing surfaces transmitting heat into thelwater contained in said I generator, (3) means for: converting water. mto steam in said generator, said means come .vint o sai of the second and third named means and for- (dds first means for condensing n atilized gases before said gases make -con-.

prising water the heat of a perfected combustion at a level above said means for per II footing combustion and for the disengage-1 "meigt oi 'steam on a broad surface of waterats'aid high level, and (4) meansfor-heating grdvision' for receiving and absorbing Water in-div'ided vertically moving currents I from a high levelto a low level, said water traveling from a lowilevel to a high level, said generator beingconstructed to receive cold '1 with the heat offgases traveling downwardly feed waterat a low tem erature and to progressively heat said fee water in the travel ofsaid water from a low level to a high level where the; water is being disengaged into steam at said high level of said generator.

I 6. In-a steam generator, the combination of (1). means fgr heat generation at a low level, (2) meansfor perfecting the combustion .of vol atilized gases in the vertical travel of said gases 't o a suflicient height from the first named means and for preventing the lateral -.loss ofheat-from said gases until after combustion has been perfected, (3) a boiler'con I jstructed conformity to said first and second named :IIlBQDS, said boiler comprising structural provision for the disengagement of steam overabroadesurface of wate'rin said boilerat high level insaid generator and to receive thefirst application of heat generated in said'generatorfor -the absorption of the travel from a low level to a high level.

I 7. In a steam generator, the combination with a boiler constructed and disposed to re.- ceive the highest heat generated in said generator, an adjunct boilerand economizer to receive the heat of the heating gases after the gases have passed over the heating surfaces of the said boiler, saidadjunct boiler and economiz'er comprising means for-securing a flow of gases from a high level to a low level therein, and means for heating air and furnishing pure feedwater from exliauatosteam, said last named means being constructed to introduce steam at a highlevel in said means and to pass air throd h I said last named means from a low leveltoa, high level.

8. -In a steam generator the combination with a boile r ofv a first'me'apsfor purifying,

vision for passing-horizontally throng 1' said most intense heat, and "(4) aneconomizer steam and heating air and for forci same to and through the fuel mass said I duced at the top of said third name vacuum in said first named means and for drawing vapor. and steam therefrom and passing the same to a means for condensing the generator, a third means for condensing steam and heating air, steam bein intro- (I means and air bein'g'pass'ed therethrough from below upwards and out of the top of said third named means; a fourth means for receiving and storing water of condensation, the hot condensed water being received at the to of said fourth named means and having out ets for cooled water at the bottom of said fourth named means, a fifth means for passing air through the water of said. fourth named means from a low level to a high level for pri-' marily heating said air and for cooling said water of condensation, a sixth means for con- I veying the air from the'fifth named means to and through the third named means, and a seventh means for exhausting air, vapor and water fromsaid third name( means and for passing the same into the top levels ofwater stored in the fourth named means, all for the economical production of steam substantially as shown and described.

.9. In a steam generator, the combination of first a boiler, second a motor actuated element, third a motor, fourth a means for storing water, fifth a means for storing Water and air under pressure, sixth a means for drawing water from the first named means" and forcipg it into the fifth named means, and a. seventh means for conveying water under pressure fronrthe fifth named means to a motor and for conveying water from a motor to the fourth named means, substant'i ally as herein shown and described and for the purpose set forth.

10. In a steam generator, the combination with a boiler, of a means for the surface condensing of steam and for heating air, said means being arranged to pass air for healing into one end of and through said means, and means for removing air and water of condensation from the first named means, substantially as herein shown and described and'for the purposes set forth.

1 1. In combination with a steam generating apparatus, an economizer, said economlzer being provided with means to receive warm water of cmidensation at a high level and for conveying through said economizer a flowing heat absorbing medium from a low level to a high level.

12. In combination with a steam generator having a boiler and a storage reservoir for steam, means for addltlonally compressing the steam primarily produced in said.

boller and for'superheating said compressed steam and for conveying to and storing in said reservoir, said compressed steam, and

means for conveying said steam to a motor, said combination co-acting for equalizing the expansive force of the steam, substantially as herein shown and described.

13. In a steam generator having a boiler for steam production, the combination of means for heating a flowing heat absorbing fluidpassing from a low level to a high level by the heat of exhaust steam, vapor and water of condensation, the heat of said steam, vapor and water being firstapplied in said means at a high level and being progressively applied downward in said means to a low level, said means being in two parts,

[in onetfirst) part of said means the steam and vapor heating the said absorbing fluid and in the other (second) part of said means the water of condensation heating the said fluid, the said fluid being first heated at a low level and further heated in its progress from below upward through the second named part and then being further heated in its progress upward throughthe first named .part, and means for mechanically-producing the flow of said fluid through the two named parts, said elements co-acting to economieally producesteam.

14. In a steam generator producing steam for use in a motor, and in combination with said generator, means for compressing and forcing a medium carrying the Waste heat of i the motor into any cavity or any part of said generator at any level where the .wasteheat may be used regeneratively in the production of steam, substantially as shown and d eseribed, and for the, purposes set forth.

15. In a steam generator, the combination of (1) a vertically elongated combustion s ace having a source of heat at the bottom thereof, (2) means for preventing the lateral loss of heat from said space, excetuft a high level thereof, (3) a boiler, said lioiler comprising heat absorbing surfaces at the top of said combustion space for "the absorption of the first intensity of heat conveyed through said space upwardly, and broad water surfaces fer the disengagement of steam, said boiler comprising furthermore, economize-r parts located laterally and in the line of the vertical length of said combustion space and emnprising vertically arran ed heating tubes arranged in sections, said sections having horizontally disposed headers at the bottom thereof and headers at the top thereof disposed at an upwardly projected angle at the top of said sections to, andconnected with and communicatin with the part of the boiler located above t e combustion space, said boiler being constructed to receive feed ,water at the lowest level thereof and for the emission of steam at the highest level thereof, (4 )heating cavities adjacent to said combustion s ace, into ,which' cavities the section parts said boiler are suspended,-

said" cavities havingapertures at the top for the entrance thereln of heating gases, and

outlets at'the bottom for the exit of Waste products of combustible gases, (5) means for Inducing a draft through said'generator, and

15. ater, said named parts-of said generator be- --(6) means for forcing a draft' in said genering constructed and arranged to allow for the introduction of fuel from the two opposite 5 sides of said i 'sive flow of {levels of said surfaces.

generator, and for the progreseed water 'through said boiler from a low level to a high level thereof, and

sai boiler from the hi hest levels of the heating surfaces of i said 16. In a steam generator, thecombination of a boiler, a high run combust on chamber, a, gravity fuel feeding mechanism, an {air feeding and air diffusing mechanism, an'econ- ,means for conveying steamfrom-saidgemomizer for condensing steam and heating ain,'

a Waterpurifier and evaporator, said evapr orator passing waste steam through the water in-said-purifier for the vaporization of said water, means for producing explosive gas, a combustion engine, a-system for distributing the power-generated'in said engine to' the motors of said generator, said motors,

. erator to a motor and for returning 'waste steam from said motor intothe. steam stor 1 P age means of said generator, means for (30111- i automatically feeding fuel, means for suppressing steam or other power transmittingmedia, a steamsuperheater, and for introducing waste heat at; varioue'level'sin' saidgenerator, all substantially as and described;

17. Ina steam generator, the combination of means for storing compressed-steam, a-

superheater, a steam. condenser and air heater, means for mechanically nducing a draft, means for forcing a draft, means for i plying steam and -a plying air in said generator in a practica ly controlled manner, a combustion. engine forcreating power, means for storing the power created by said engine and distrib iting the power to motors actuating the draft, pumps and fuel feeding provisions of said-generator and said motors, all connected and c o'acting substantially as shown and described.

18. In a steam generator, the combination of a boiler, a motor, means for reduction of the temperature of a ower transmitting medium after said me ium has acquired for (progressive contact of heating gases with boiler tothe lowest ically.

ipro iilsive force, and means for deliverin sai medium to said motor, the aforesai means comprising provision'for storing said medium m a compressed state.

19. In a steam generator, the combination "1,0.

of a boiler, means for mechanically inducing" a draft through said generator,n1 eans"f0r.-'

forcing a draft in said generatqr, and means for forc n water and air bearing the-lower degrees of heat developed 1n sai generatorthat remain unabsorbed after the more in} tense degrees of heathave been absorbed in said boiler, said last named means providing for the travel 'of water and air upwardly m Ting heat and supplying heat tosai boiler- 3) a draft inducer for producing-adraft through the passages of said boiler,"(4) 'an' internal combustion-- engine for power-to run said draft inducer," 5)flfiieans for compressing a fluid with the force, of eX- tplosion generated in said engineg tfi) means for storing said fluid; and giwngTeXpansive pressure to said fluid and for conveying said fluid and for utilizing the ex ansive-force of said fluid in actuatingsaid. aft inducer.

21.' In a steam enerator,'.'i'the combination with a boiler, of (1st) a-gas explosion engine for supplying ower for actuating the motoring devices of said boiler, (2nd) said devices, (3rd) means for utilizing the heatgenerated in said engine from enplosion in the heating of-wa'ter and produc ng steam, said heat being passed through said third named means from a highlevei to a low level;

and said water and steam being passed through said third namedmeans from a low level, to a high level, and (4th means for conveying water bearing heat from the first named means into the third named means at a level where'the temperature is substantially the samenas that of, the waterwhich-is thus conveyed; said combination acting adl l ctly with said boiler: in producing steameconom 22. In a steam generator, the combination of (let) a boiler, (2nd) a vertically elongated;

combustion chamber, (3rd) a'heat'economlzing cavity adjacent to said combustion chamber, (4th) meansfor accurately controlling the superheat of the steam generated insaidgenerator'and for preventing damage to the structure of said last named means, and (5th) means for economizing relatively low degrees of heat passin from the fourth named means; said 4th. and 5th named means being exemplified by.a superheating cavity separate from said 2nd and 3rd named superheating cavity, a fan for drawing hot gases through said superheating cavity from a high level to a low level and for forcing-said gases into sa d heat economizing cavity at a level where the temperature is substantially the same as that of the gases therein found, and a controlling motor connected with said fan for varying the rate of travel of gases through said superheating cavity.

23. In a steam generator, the combination of a boiler, mechanical means for inducing at ;-will any desired rate of travel of heating 1 gases throu h the heat transmitting passages of said boi er, said means com rising pro- VlSlOll for producing and ex loding gas and for-economlzing the latent eat of exhaust steam regeneratively in the production of steam, and means for economizing' the waste heat of said provision for exploding gases in the adjunct erator. I

24. In a steam generator, the combination of (1) a combustion chamber providedwith an elongated vertically disposed run for burning gases and a surrounding heat nonconducting wall, (2) means for gaining access to said combustion chamber from two fronts and two sides, (3) heating" cavities betweensaid combustion chamber and the two fronts of said generator, said cavities extending vertically upward from a level of about seven feet above the base of said generator, (.4) means for securing the removal of dust 'and soot from .said cavlties, and (5) a boiler, said elements being constructed, arranged and coactively disposed to first ap boiler at the top of said'cham er and for approduction of steam in said genlyheat to saidplying decreasing amounts of heat to said oiler progressively in a downward travel of heating gases through said cavities and for the heating of water in the upward travel of water through said cavities.

25. In a steam generator, the combination of l) a high run combustion chamber conveying heating gases from a low level to a high level therein, (2) adjacent cavities, (3)

hot gas passages extending from the top of said combustion chamber to the top of said heating cavities, (4) gas exits at thefbottom of said cavities, (5) a steam boiler conforming to the top of said combustion chamber and to said cavities, and (6) a metal frame work for holding together and supporting the vari ous parts of said generator, said frame work being so constructed in relation to the other parts of said generator as to allow the removal of sections of said boiler from said cavities through the inter-spaces of. said frame work. i

26. In a power generating system, the combination of (1) a boiler, (2)11, furnace for supplying heat to said boiler, (3) means for in ucmg a draft through the heating passages of said boiler, (4) an explosion engine for furnishing individually and apart from the steam power generated in said system motive force for actuating the motors of said generating system, (5) means for utilizing the spent gases from said explosion engine,

for' heating water and producing steam, and

(6) a hydraulic mechanism for transmitting the power generated by said engine to said motors.

Signed at NewYork, N. Y. this 12' day of March 1906. I

i JOSEPH MOSES WARD KITCHEN.

Witnesses:

GEO. L. WHEELOCK, OLIVE B. KING.

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