US1738890A - Steam-superheating plant - Google Patents

Description

Dec. 10, 1929.. Q H, GQQDRHCH ,738,890

` STEAM SUPERHEATING PLANT Filed Jan. l2, 1925 5 Sheets-Sheet l Dec. l0, 1929. Q H- GOQDRICH 1,738,890

STEAM SUPERHEATING PLANT Filed Jan. 12, 1925 5 sheets-shew 2 Dec. 1929 C, H, @mummia/H l,738,890

STEAM SUPERHEAT ING PLANT Filed Jan. 12, 1925 3 Sheets-Sheet 5 j wu a Wm@ CHA/u EJ H GoozJR/GH Patented 10,. `1929 UNITED STATES PATENT omen CHARLES H. GOODRICH, F WHIPPLE, ARIZONA STEAH-BUPERHEATNG PLANT Application illed January 12, 1925. Serial No. 2,010.

With these and other objects in view, theinvention resides in the novel features of constructiorfand combination and arrangements of parts as more ully hereinafter described and claimed.

Referring to the drawings:

Figure 1 represents a vertical section of the layout of my generating and superheating plant; I

Figure 2 illustrates a modified type of superheater which is well adapted to a very highl degree of superheat;

Figure 3 represents a fragmentary diagrammatic view illustrating a modified type of generator and superheater; and

Figure 4 illustrates a fragmentary view in section of a modified construction for feeding the solid heated substance.

Figure 5 illustrates-a detail view of the valve 9.

In the drawings reierring particularly to Figure 1 all the parts are brought into one plane for purposes of representation although in actual practice this would not necessarily be so.' Reference character 1 indicates a furnace for burning coal although oil or gasmay be equally well used as a fuel. The coal 40-furnace may be hand tired orstoker fired. From the combustion chamber the gases pass into the heating chamber 3. The furnace 1 and the heating chamber 3 are separated by a grating of tubes 2. Air is adapted to be circulated through these tubes in order to keep their temperature within desired limits. As a modification which dispenses with the tubes 2, I may provide a bailie 2 as shown in Figure 3. In this instance the hot gases from the fuel bed'pass above the baile or wall 2', the

gases thencoming into contact with the soli material.

Chamber 3 is filled with solid material or aggregate 3 to a height sutcient to cool the gases to the desired temperature. This height Will depend on the size ef the aggregate, the amount circulated and the rate of flow of the gases. However, these last two items can be r ept at such a value to keep the height and the draft within reasonable limits. The gases from the aggregate pass out through the stack 4. Forced draft may be used if desired.

The aggre ate 3' -may be any solid substance capab e of withstanding the temperature. Solid substances having a rounded shape are desirable although not essential.

Quartz pebbles 4of one-fourth to one inch in diameter' are desirable for higher temperatures and coarse sand may also be used.

From chamber 3 the aggregate passes through the gate 3* controlled by shortened lever 3" into the conicalv tube 5 and thence finally into the cylinder 6 of the generator.

The generator consists of one or more metal cylinders 6 bolted together at 7 and havin passages 8, all of which may be filled with the aggregate through a single valve 9 controlled by the rotatable handle 9a and em tied through the discharge valve` 10. Multip city of cylinders is resorted to mainly with the view of handling steam at high pressures,con'

struction 'of large cylinders capable of withstanding 600 to 1500 pounds of pressure being practically impossible. Moreover, a number of cylinders will greatly increase the safety fromexplosion and give almost an unlimited capacity of each generator per one set of valves.

Within the cylinder 6 is placed the inner lining 11. This lining may be in one unit per cylinder when these are made of cast iron or steel as shown in Figure 1. However, if the cylinders'are made of riveted or welded boiler plate, the liners are made in sections and passed in through the manhole and assembled within the generator after the `Inanner of staves of a barrel. i

The inner lining has four functions as follows:

1. It relieves the cylinder walls from abra ltico sion which might weaken them and thus produce rupture;

2. The lining relieves the cylinders from sudden and excessive temperature variations. ln this connection itshould be noted that y there is an annular gas space 12 between the as any generating apparatus can be, but be- I yond that my apparatus 'is well adapted for precautions in the event that,'due -to various 20 factors which can does occur.

An important provisionv resides in the not be foreseen rupture valves 9 and 10. While a rotary valve is shown atv 9, I do not restrict myself to such construction, the following factors only be- .ing deemed v essential.

v First, a. valve which. does not press on the seat when'pressure on both sides is equal; second, a valve which is so arrangedl that a blast of steam or-air blows over the seat and the valve when it is in motion, and third, a-valve so `arranged that water at pressure greater than the steam pressure may be forced betweenthe `seat and valve when the valve is holding pressure.' In this way, linsuringthe leakage of water with its small energy content instead of high'presy et ' openin sure steam.' Any orall of these features may be usedaccording to need. 13 and 14 indicate the water andsteam connections respectively.

Referring Aparticularly' to Figure 5, a detailed .description of the valve 9 is given herewith: The cylinder cover 9b is provided at the 'top with a semi-cylindrical seat into which the cylindrical`;valve 9 lits When the valve is open for charging, the circular opening 9 in the valve is in registration with the opening inV cover 9b. Special requirements of the valve are attained as-follows: In the valve.' seat 9b is ground'the lgroove 9d, this groove communicating `through the small 13 and 14Il withv tubes 13, 14b screwe into plate 9. These in turn are screwed in the valves'tem housing 9t at 13 `and' 14. .'13 and 14 are also screwed into `the housing 9 in the position shown. 13 is connected tothe feed water line, the pressure of which is always higher than the highest steam pressure. 14 is connected ltothe steam line which, 'since several generators are connected together, always carries steam at pressure. In the valve stem proper, openings 13'l l l and 14d are drilled. Now When the valve is opened to the position shown in Figure 5, neither 13l nor 14l is in position to allow the flow of water or steam from 13 or 14 into 13" or 14,b but shortly after valve 9 is put into closing action, openings 14d allow high pressure steam to flow from 14 to 14c and 14" through opening 14a and into groove 9 encircling the valve seat. Steam will therefore blow between the valve seat and valve 9, blowing out any grit present, preventing entry of further grit andl keeping the valve from pressing on the seat. Shortly before closure of valve 9 the steam connection at 14d is broken, and the Water connection is made at 13d, Water now flowing from 13 to 13C, 13" and 13a into groove 9d and between the valve and seat. When pressure in the generator is raised valve 9 will be pressed against the seat preventing any great leakage. But should any dirt be caught between seat'and valve, the water, since it is at a pressure higher than steam pressure, vwill low into space formed and prevent escape of steam. The energy lost in the leaking water will therefore be negligible. Further construction of the foregoing parts will be understood from the description of the operation.

When the valve 9 is opened, the hot aggregate falls from the passage 5 through the valve 9 and into the generator until it is filled to the proper degree which may be, for example, three-fourths lof the volulne of the generator. `This can be readily regulated by noting the time that the valve is opened. The temperature'of the aggregate entering the generator need not be very high. Where the` generator acts purely as an evaporator and not as a superheater, temperature of 1000 F., or veven less will ordinarily be suficient, although the higher the temperature the more effective will be the volume of the generator. The generator being filled, valve 9 is closed and valve 15 opened, the generator pressure being raised to 'steam pressure. vValve 16 is now open and the generator is in condition forsteam production since there is now a clear passage from the generator to the steam main. Valve 17 is next opened and water sprayed from the supply line 27 through the spraying nozzle or head 18 unto the hot material. Only one spray head is shown for each cylinder, although for long cylinders, it may be desirable to place spray heads at several points throughout the length. vThe steam and the broken up water sweeps through the material `tothe lower part of the generator, where it enters the annular' space 12 through the small openings 19. From the annular space 12 it flows through an opening 20 and thence to the main steam line 2l. When water has played on the material for a sufiicient time and steam is n0 longer being produced the valve 16 is closed, valve 22 is opened and valve 15 is closed. -Steam at a lower ressure is now produced and flows through) the pipe 23 into the water drum 24 through which the feed water circulates. The steam condenses in the water and raises the J mum by the use of am temperature. From the drum the waterl 6 the generator by way of the pipe 27. 28 is a small surge chamber. After a certain time of this steam generation, Valve'17 is closed,

pressure in the cylinders 6 is lnow `brought to atmospheric pressure by opening the valve 22 which discharges the excess steam into the feed water. Valve 10 is now o ened and the generator is emptied-of the so id aggregate. While, as shown, the whole generator must be emptied before the filling commences, it is evident that arrangement could be made permitting filling and emptying at the same time, i. e., while one cylinder is being emptied, another may be filled. I also do not wish to restrict myself to vertically positioned generators as the latter may extend at any angle, even horizontal, the forces of gravity for filling bein supplemented or even replaced by a last o air or steam. Other mechanical means may also be used. The aggregate falls from the discharge valve 10 1nto chamber 30 and is further cooled by the blast of air which is thence conducted to the combustion chamber. From the chamber 30 the solid is raised by an endless elevator 31. The aggregate is discharged in the top of the elevator Where it enters the furnace through the chute 32 and the mechanically operated door 33. The air for combustion enters the elevator shaft at 34, thus helping to further cool the aggregate. From the air intake 34 the air is conducted down the elevator shaft through the aggregate in chamber 30 and thence around the generator as indicated by the arrows in Figure 1 Where Vit is conducted beneath the bed of fuel 1 and thence to the heating chamber 3. In this manner the aggregate maybe returned to the furnace at practically atmospheric temperature and the chimney gases thus cooled down by this material to avery low degree allowing an increase of eiiciency over the usual boiler from; 10 to 20 per cent. v

Outside cylinders of the generator must be kept at nearly constant temperature and this may be done by a Water ]acket or, better, where not too high temperatures of aggregate are used by the stream of air sweeping into the furnace as indicated by the solid arrows shown in Figure 1.

5 It is only natural that some dust and per haps fine carbon will be carried fromthe furnace tothe generator by the aggregate.

l This, in turn, will be carried over by the steam. This may, however, be kept to aminile furnaces and bales to throw out the dust rom the furnace gases. Nevertheless, some means of cleaning the steam must ordinarily be provided. A wet scrubber will remove this dust completely.

05 The problem of scrubbing for example, is

engme use,

follows: The gases simple compared. to cleaning lproducer gas for for 1n my lnvention there is no tar or other gummy substances to be removed'.

`A scrubber is shown at 35. 36 is a pump for circulation of Water through the pipe 36,

spray nozzles 36b and thence downwardly t rough the scrubbing material to be discharged throu h the pipe 36c andthe settler tank 36". The roken arrows show the course of the water Aand steam through thegenerator into the scrubber. Re-vaporization of steam may be resorted to but this is not ordinarily necessary.

By the foregoing process, Wetelean steam at the desired pressure is obtained. The next thing is to superheat the steam to a high temperature. It is contemplated to superheat the steam to at least 1500D F. and preferably to 2500o or even higher. For these tempera tures the usual type of superheater is imprae tical, therefore, my plan is proposed. The

superheater consists essentially of a cylinder or cylinders, one being shown at 37, an inner shell38 lined with lire-resistant material 39 and finally filled with a core of highly refractory material as shown at 40. An annular passage 41 and a central passage 41 serve as steam passages while the passages 42 serve to conduct the gases. -I do not wish to restrict myself to this one arrangement of passages as obviously a large number of modifications might be made. Where not too high superheat is desired, the steam passages may be lined with non-corroding alloy metal, if desired the whole core maybe made of metal. Cast iron treated on the outside or enclosed in a nonoxidizing jacket can be heated to 1700 F., and easily serve to superheat to 1500". It will absorb heat quickly and discharge it quickly, thus fgiving each cylinder a large capacity.

In operation the superheater functions as of combustion pass from the furnace throu h passages' 43, thence downwardl througi passages 42 of the cylinder and nally through the discharge passages 44 and 44 where the gases are injected into the aggregate chamber 'where the remainder of the heat is abstracted. Vben the core 40 has been heated to the proper temperature valves 45 and 46 are closed. ,47 is opened and the cylinder gradually brought to steam pressure. Valves 48 and 49 are then opened and steam passes through passages 41 from "the pipe 41 extending from the scrubber 35.

45 trated and described.

4 l then again opened and the cycle is repeated. 51 indicates a waterv jacket through whlch feed water circulates. The separation -between the gas passages 42 and steam passa es 41 and 41 is never to be absolutely gas tig t.'

The passages are therefore always at practically the same pressure. Ordinarily the ores of the refractory material will serve lor passage of the equalizing steam. However the core is mounted without any cementing of-joints and gaseswill pass through these a lninimum of three generators to insure continuous steam production and preferably four whichjvill allow one for repairs. The unit. further comprises one scrubber, one pump of two or more stages, one or more feed water heating drums, one elevator, and a minimum of three superheatingA cylinders. This unit is adapted for a large plant. A smaller plantean be built entirely after the manner of superheating cylinders. Such a unit will conslst merely of the furnace and three-generating and superheating cylinders and also the feed water pump and heater drum. This unit is 'very suitable for vehicle and marine use.

The invention opens a new art in the steam eneration and particularly in superheating. here are many variations of apparatus for attainment ofthe same end and I do not wish 'to restrict myself to an particular one apparatus, certain types o which I have illus- Referringto Figure 2, I have illustrated a type of superheater which is very well adapted for very high superheat. It consists of one or more cylinders 52 (2 being shown) with an inner jacket 53 protected by a layer of fireresistant material 54. The interior is filled with material capable of withstanding high temperatures such -as Y clean clear broken quartz vein material which is very suitable. However, compressed 'firec1ay, or material clnkered at very high temperature will do well. A very essential quality of this materialis that itj-will not dust under the temperature and pressure changes.

The type of superheater shown in Figure i2 is adapted only to theuse of oil or clean Agas such as producer gas for instance. However, with the use of a core vsuch as described in connection with the superheater B shown in Figure 1 it may be used with powdered coal and other fuel. It is so arranged that very hot gases do not pass through any of the valves.

The operation is as follows: The air valve 55 is opened wide and then the gas oil or powdered fuel valve 56 is opened. The fuel entering the cylinder at 56 is lighted through a removable plug designated by the numeral 56". The initlal ignition is the only one needed from the exterior. After that the temperature of the material in the cylinder is never below ignition point. Combustion is continued until the hottest part of the material 56a in the cylinder is at the proper point above the temperature of superheat desired. The valves 55, 56 and the gas discharge valve 57 are then closed. The cylinder is then brought to steam pressure by the valve 58 by allowing steam to enter throu h the bypass from the steam main 62 and then the main steam valve 59 is opened by'actuating the valve stem 59. Steam now flows in from the generator. The path of this steam will be described hereinafter. When suiliicent steam has passed through the pressure is lowered to atmospheric by the valve 60, excess steam being discharged into the jacket water. The fuel and air valves are then again opened as well as the valve 57 and the cycle is repeated. It will be noticed that the steam inlet is some distance above the bottom of the cylinder. This will insure very high combustion temperatures since the lower part will not be subjected to the cooling of the steam. As the gases of combustion carry no dust or serious impurities, no dust will be carried away with the steam. If there is any objection to the small inclusion of gases in the steam, the cylinder can be cleared of gases by a preliminary blow of steam. As the gases of combustion will leave the cylinder at fairly high temperature, some means of abstracting this remaining heat must be used. For this reason an air preheater is shown at 61.

62 shows a type of piping especially well adapted for use with very highly superheated steam. It consists of an outside steeltube 62 covered against loss of heat (covering not shown) and an inner tube 63 preferably of alloy steel or other non-corroding metal such as aluminum or copper. The inner tube is supported at a certain distance from the outer tube, such as indicated at 65. Wet or cool steam is supplied to' the annular space while the hot steam flows in the inner tube. The difference of pressure in the two spaces is merely that caused by the resistance to flow.

The advantage, and in fact, the necessity of such an arrangement is obvious. By causino' the superheated-steam to flow through a tube which is subjected to practically no pressure the walls of the tube can be kept at very high temperature and the loss to the jacketing steam kept down to a minimum. Any

i heat lost is merely transferred from the lll ltl

lid

superheated steam to wet steam. The outside tube operates under usual temperature conditions, which is-a great advantage to fittings and joints as well as a source' of great economy of heat. 'It is intended to extend this cool steam jacketing to the nozzles of the turbine indicated at C and perhaps to the rotor as well. The amount of wet steam flowing through the annular space may be small or, as shown2 the full amount.

Valve 59 is particularly adapted for high temperatures. The valve seat 1s subjected to the temperature of wet steam or cool gases only. rlFhe highly superheated steam or hot gases pass through the inner passage. Since the pressure against it is always equalized before it is moved, this valve is well adapted for rapid operation.

66 indicates a temperature equalizer its object being to furnish steam to the turbine at substantially constant temperature. lt comprises a cylinder having an inner lining 66 filled with broken quartz so that most of the inequalities of temperature furnished by the superheater will be taken up by the broken material indicated at 66E. rllhe temperature equalizer is not essential however, and in case of a large number of cylinders is not at allv needed..

Yl`he path of the steam is as follows: From the generator of Figure 'l the steam dows into the turbine C at a moderate temperature passing on the outside ofthe turbine nozzles, thus acting as a cooling medium but otherwise taking no part in the action of the turn bine. 'llhence the cool steam passes through the annular space between 66"7 and outside walls of the heat equalizer 66, through the annular space of pipe 62 and valve 59 connecting 66 and the superheater proper. lt now enters the superheater 52, flows upwardly through annular space 52 downwardly through the passages in the filling material within the superheater, being superheated thereby, out through 63, and valve 59, thence through the interior of the heat equalizer 66, thence through inner tube of pipe connecting equalizer to the turbine, into the turbine nozzles to be expanded and directed on the rotor (not shown) to do work. Flowever, li do not restrict myself to use of the superheater in this one way since it may be used wherever a superheater at high temperature is needed.

it. superheater of the type shown in Figure 2 will in general be located asnear the turbine as possible, thus minimizing the superheat loss. This type of apparatus will prove particularly useful as a steam gener ator and superheater for locomotive, tractor, truck and other vehicle use as well as being equally adapted for marine use. The apparatus is also highly desirable where it is necessary or of advantage to use liquid fuel.

The aggregate employed in this apparatus may be of metal of any suitable shape. steam enerator of this character will`give a vehic e all the advantages of a steam motor, together with the safety and economy of cost of the explosion motor. As an outstanding feature of economy I wish to emphasize the low cost of the fuel. My invention will also make possible the installation of the light turbine to aeroplane use. The operation of valves in such an apparatus is reudered easily susceptible to mechanical operation.

Referring to Figure 3 I have indicated a diagrammatic drawing of a type of generator and superheater which has many advantages. The aggregate 3 is heated in a furnacefin very much the same manner as that shown in Figure l. rlhere is a difference, however, in dispensing with the grating of tubes 2 shown in Figure l. as before described. ln the apparatus shown in Figure 3 the material is adapted to be heated to as high a temperature as possible. From the furnace the aggregate drops through a control valve 67 into a trap chamber 66 which when iillcd is adapted to discharge the aggregate through a valve 69 causing the hot material to drop into a main chamber 70. The spray head, or heads 7 l are preferably located in the lower part of the chamber 76. 'llhe steam produced rises through the material and is thereby superheated. The aggregate cooled by the spray and carrying a small amount of water is dropped through the valve l2 into a trap 73 and thence through a valvola into the air preheating pit such as shown in Figure l. 'lhe aggregate may then be elevated by a construction similar to that shown in Figure l and again introduced into the furnace. The construction of the generator in general is preferably analogous to that shown in Figure l. That is each trap and the central chamber are preferably made of one or a number of cylinders bolted together each having an inner lining as described in connection with the cylinders 6 shown in Figure l. Ilfhe traps 68 and 73 are brought to steam pressure and atmospheric pressure respectively as in the generator shown in Figure l. The central chamber is under a constant condition and is continually producing steam.

The generator shown in Figure 3, therefore, produces 'steam superheated to a very high degree. The steam, however, contains some' dust which must be removed and with this in view l have provided a dry scrubber 7 5 by which the dust and steam may be removed. g

Figure 4 illustrates a method embodying a generator 77 which has for its object to provide a perfectly clean aggregate. The material is not heatedby direct action of the gases but flows through tubes or checlrerworlr 76 of some refractory substance. On the other side l heated by conduction through the refractory and by radiation from it. The material may then be used in a superheater of the type shown in Figure 3.

A variationof this method would be to heat air to a very high degree and to use this clean air to preheat material in a superheater of 10 `the type shown in Figure 2.

However, the steam generating plant which would result in greatest thermal efficiency and economy of cost and' is therefore the ultimate of my invention will consist of an evaporator or wet steam generator of the type of Figure 1 or Figure 3. The wet clean steam is then superheated to a moderate temperature say 1200 degrees F. in a superheater of type of Figure l. The moderately superheated steam is now conducted to a superheater of the type of Figure 2 and given a final high degree of superheat and thence carried to the prime mover. y

What I claim as my invention is 1. A superheater comprising a source of fuel, a valved passage for the fuel, a valved passage for air, means for delivery of air and fuel within the superheater in the form of combustible mixture for combustion of the mixture within the superheater, a valved passage for discharge of the gases of combustion, means for operating said valves, a lling within the superheater capable of absorbing the heat of combustion, and of giving itfup to the steam being superheated, a source of steam, and means for conducting said steam from said source to circulate within the combustion chamber and contact with the heated .portion of said superheater to superheat the steam, said processes of combustion and circulation of steamv adapted to be carried on alternately in the same superheater chamber. 2. A steam superheater comprising a source of fuel, a metal receptacle adapted to be closed byvalves, a filling Within said receptacle capable of absorbing heat and of giving up heat to steam being superheated, said filling so arranged as to give passage to gases and providing a combustion chamber, within the receptacle, means for conducting air into the receptacle, means for conducting fuel into the receptacle, means for mixing air and fuel, means for igniting the mixture within said combustion chamber, means for exit of the products of combustion, means for circulating the products of combustion in contact with the filling Within the receptacle, heating it thereby, means for closing the receptacle to entry of air and fuel and to exit of the products of combustion thereby closing the receptacle to circulation of the products of com ustion, a source of steam, means for equalizing the pressure in the receptacle and the source of steam, means for opening the interior of the receptacle to circulation of culation of the steam, and means for equalizing the pressure Within the receptacle to atmospherie pressure.

3. A steam superheater comprising a receptacle filled with water to serve as a water jacket, wit-hin said receptacle a cylinder closable by means of valves, a lining of refractory material for the walls of said cylinder, a. refractory solid aggregate within the cylinder providing a combustion chamber at t e bottom, a source of fuel, a valved connection to conduct fuel into the cylinder, a valved connection to conduct air into said cylinder affording means for mixing of the fuel and air, a plug affording means for ignition of the mixture, a valved passa e connecting the cylinder to a source of dra t affording means for circulatin the gases of combustion upwardly through t e aggregate Within the cylinders, means for operating the valves in the fuel and air connections, a source of steam, a valved Vconnection to said source of steam affording means for equalizing pressure of the cylinders and the source of steam, a valved connection to the source of steam affording means for allowing entry of steam into the cylinder in largequantities,avalved connection affording means for exit of the steam heated by the passage through and in contact with the aggregate, means for operating said steam valves, and a valved connection affording means for equalizing the pressure in the cylinder to atmospheric pressure.

4. A steam superheater comprising a receptacle filled with water to serve as a Water jacket, a closable metal cylinder Within said receptacle, a metal shell within the cylinder provided with a passage at one end, a refractory lining within said shell, an annular space between the shell and the inner Wall of the cylinder, a refractory solid aggregate within the inner shell roviding a combustion chamber at one en ,"a source -of fuel, a valved connection to conduct air into the cylinder, a valved connection to conduct fuel into the cylinder affording means for mixing the fuel and air, a plug affording means for ignition of the mixture, a valved passage connecting the cylinder to a source of draft affording means for circulating the gases of combustion upwardly through the aggregate within the shell, means for opening and closing the valves in the draft, air, and fuel connections, a source of steam, a valved connection to said source of steam' affording means for equalizing the pressure in the cylinder and said source of steam, a valved connection to the source of steam comprising an inner vpassage and an outer passage affording means for allowing entry of steam in large quantities and means for exit of the steam, causing said steam to travel a forced path from the outer passage of the above connection through the lll , combustion of the air to the entry of steam at annular space between the. walls of the cylinder and the inner liner through the aggregate, and out through the inner passage 0 sal connection, means for opening and closing the Valve in said connection and a valved connection affording means for equalizing the pressure in the cylinder to atmospheric pressure.

5. A method of transferring the heat of combustion of a fuel to steam at any desired pressure comprising the following steps, opening of a receptacle adapted to.be closed and opened to the entry of air and fuel and the exit of gases of combustion, flow of air and fuel into the receptacle and ignition and and fuel within the receptacle and heating of a filling within the receptacle by the products of combustion and How out ofthe products of combustion from the receptacle, closing of the receptacle to the entry of air and fuel and the enit of the products of combustion, raising of the pressure within the receptacle to the steam pressure desired by the regulated entry of steam at the pressure desired, opening of the receptacle pressure desired and opening the receptacle to the exit of steam., flow of steam into the receptacle, heating of the steam within the receptacle by the filling therein, flow of the steam from the receptacle, closure of the receptacle to entry of steam and exit of steam, and the lowering of the pressure to atmospheric by the regulated enit of steam from the receptacle.

t3. A steam' superheater comprising' a metallic receptacle adapted to be opened and closed by Valves, a heated medium within the receptacle arranged to allow the passage of gases, a source of steam, means for equaliaing the pressure of the interior of the receptacle and the source of steam, means for opening the interior of the receptacle to the circulation of steam, means for circulating the steam in Contact with the medium, means for closing the receptacle to circulation of steam and means for equaliaing the pressure within the receptacle to that of the atmosphere.

7. A steam superheater comprising a metal 4receptacle adapted to be closed and opened by valves, a material adapted to be used as a filling within the receptacle capable of being heated and of giying up its heat to the steam being superheated, means for heating said material, means for closin the receptacle, a source of steam, means or equalizing the pressure within the receptacle and the source of steam, means for opening the interior to the circulation of the steam in contact with the heated lling, means for closing the interior of the receptacle to circulation of steam.,-

and means for equalizing the pressure within the receptacle to that of the atmosphere.

8. A steam' superheater comprising a source of fuel,a metal receptacle ada ted to be closed and opened by valves, means for surrounding the receptacle with water to form a water jacket, a filling Within said receptacle capable of absorbing heat and of giving it up to steam being superheated, and arranged so as to give passage to "ases, means for igniting the fuel, means for heating said filling by passage of the gases of combustion in Contact with the said filling in the receptacle, means for closing said receptacle to further heating of the filling, a source of steam, means for equalizing the pressure within the receptacle and the pressure of the source of steam, means for opening the receptacle to the circulation from the source of steam through the receptacle in contact with the filling, means for closing the receptacle to further circulation of steam, and means for equaliaing the pressure within the receptacle to that of the atmosphere.

9. A steam superheater comprising a source of fuel, a metal receptacle adapted to be closed and opened by valves, la llng within said receptacle capable of absorbing heat vand giring it up to steam being superheated and pro- 'yiding passages for gases, means for conducting air and fuel within the receptacle, means for igniting the air and fuel, means for enit of the products of combustion, means for closing the receptacle to entry of air and fuel and aneans for closing the receptacle to the exit of gases of combustion, means for equaliaing the pressure in the receptacle and the source of steam, means for opening the interior of the receptacle to passage of steam and heating of the steam by the nlling, means for closing the interior to passage of steam, and means for equalizing the pplessure in the receptacle to that of the atmosere. Ip l0. A steam superheater comprising a source of fuel, a metal receptacle adapted to be closed and opened by valves, a filling within ,4

the receptacle capable of absorbing heat and giving it up to steam being superheated and providing passages for gases, means for conducting air into the receptacle, means for conducting fuel into the receptacle, means for mining air and fuel, means for igniting the air and fuel, means for enit of theproducts of combustion, means for closing the receptacle to the entry of air, means for closing the receptacle to the entry of fuel, means for closing the receptacle to the enit of products of combustion, a source of steam, means for equalizing the pressure in the receptacle and the source of steam, means for opening the interior of the receptacle to the passage of steam and heating of the steam by the filling, means for closing the interior to passage of steam, and means for equalizing the pressure within the receptacle to air pressure.

l1. A steam superheater comprising a source of fuel, a metal receptacle adapted. to be closed and opened by valves, means for cooling the outside of the receptacle with Water, a fillin within the receptacle capable of absorbing eat and giving 1t up to steam a source of steam,

litt

p steam, means for equahzmg the pressure 1n being super-heated and providing passages for gases, means for conducting air into the receptacle, means for conducting fuel into the receptacle, means for mixing air and fuel, means for igniting the air and fuel, means for exit of the products of combustion, means for closing the receptacle to the entry of air, means for closing the receptacle to the entry of fuel, means for closing the receptacle to the exit of products of combustion, a source of the receptacle and the source of steam, means for opening the interior of the receptacle to the passage of steam and heating of the steam by the llin means for closing the interior to passage o steam, and means for equalizing Jche pressure Within the receptacle to air pressure.,

In testimony whereof I a'lx my signature.

CHARLES H. GOODRICH.

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