US1085210A - Heating apparatus. - Google Patents

Description

J. M. W. KITCHEN.

HEATING APPARATUS APPLIOALIOH FILED JUNE 12,1908.

1,085,21 0'. Patented Jan. 27, 1914- 6 SHEETS-SHEET 1.

jpwrrrw m e st: Inyentor J. M. W. KITCHEN.

HEATING APPARATUS.

APPLIOATION FILED JUNE 12. 1908.

8 SHEETS-SHEET 2.

J. M. W. KITCHEN.

HEATING APPARATUS.

APPLICATION FILED JUNE 12, 1908.

1 985,21 0. Patented Jan. 27, 19m

6 BHBETS-SKEBT 3.

Inventor:

J. M. W. KITGHBN.

HEATING APPARATUS.

APPLIOATION FILED JUNE 12, 1908.

1,085,210. Patented Jan. 27, 1914 6 SHEETS-SHEET 4.

I: n JU'I Inventor: 51 m y J. M. W. KITOHEN.

HEATING APPARATUS.

APPLICATION FILED JUNE 12, 1908.

1,085,210 Patented Jan. 27,1914.

6 SHEETS-SHEET 6. I

i i x Attest: Inventor:

by v J. M. W. KITCHEN.

HEATING APPARATUS.

APPLICATION TILED JUNE 12, 1908.

1,085,210. Patented Jan 27, 191

6 SHEETS-SHEET 6.

JOSEPH MOSES WARD KITCHEN, OF EAST ORANGE, NEW JERSEY.

HEATING APPARATUS.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented mm, 1914.

Application filed June 12, 1908. Serial No. 438,145.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, Josnrn Moses WARD KITCHEN, a citizen of the United States, residing in the city of East Orange, county of Essex, State of New Jersey, have invented new and useful Improvements in Heating Apparatus, of which the following is a specification.

This invention relates to improvements in vertical sectional boilers, and has for its aims: low cost of manufacture through facilitation of foundry technique; securing a more perfect combustion and a better transmission of the heat generated; securing the self cleansing of the sections from soot and ashes; securing quick steaming, equalization of the rate of combustion, a large exposure of heating surface areas to heat directly radiated from the fuel mass; and securing absorption of large volumes of low degrees of heat which are usually lost.

In this invention I secure improvement in combustion: by lining the fire box around the fuel mass with specially formed fire brick, suitable recesses for which are formed in the lower parts of the chambered sec- 'tions of the boiler; by arranging for a long .rents; by restricting the circulation of water in the section chambers surrounding the combustion chamber and thus avoiding too quick cooling of the burning gases; by preventing loss of heat from the gases at a low level at the back of the combustion chamber by the interposition of heat refractory plaques; by the application of most of the highest heat generated to the highest levels of the heat absorbing surfaces; by the transmission of the heat into the water from the heating gases by a progressive horizontal travel of the gases from one'end of the boiler to the other, and by a further travel of the gasesfrom a'high level to a low level of the heating surfaces, with a final exit of the wastcgases at the lowest level of the heating surfaces; by providing a supply of cool feed water conveyed through the boiler in counter-current to the travel of the gases,

the boiler at will, either'in acontinuously thetravel of the water being both from a upward travel with a high level exit of the gases, or for the combination of the upward, horizontal and downward travel of the gases.

Provision is made for increasing the transmission of the heat generated: by the introduction of solid metallic webs or fins inside of and exteriorly between the'water conveying chambers of the sections; by securing a slight increase of pressure against the heating surfaces through the influence of atmospheric pressure acting under a. natural induced draft, and held back atcertain points by contraction of the size of the gas passages through the sections; by preventing accumulations of soot and ashes at and near the contracted gas passages by the lateral extension of fins or ridges from the water conveying tubes, thus providing for continuous clean heating surfaces damage to which fins or ridges from unequal expansion being prevented by slitting the fins or ridges; by providing fins or ridges of favorable form and in such places as to secure a so progressively increased transmission of heat at progressively higher levels in the boiler; by providing extra large transverse gas spaces between the sections; and by providing for accurate draft control of the heating 35 gases passing through the boiler.

The details of construction in wh ch the principles of the invention can be applied may be comprised in a number of types of boilers suited to various specific purposes;

but such details are especially suited to the boiler illustrated in the accompanying drawings, in which:

Figure 1 represents a side elevational View of a sectional boiler in which my invention the same boiler taken on the line aa, Fig.

1. Fig.- 3 represents the front face of the friint section (A) of this boiler, and of the ash pit base. Fig. represents the rear face of the front section of the boiler, the

ash pit door being omitted. Fig. 5 is a vertical section of the front section (A), of the boiler, taken on the line Z)7), Fig. Fig.

6 is a horizontal section of the front section. '(A) of the boiler, taker i on the line c-o,

F g. 7 1s a horizontal section. of the Fi 4. frdiit section (A) of the boiler, taken on. they line (Z-d, Fig. 4. .Fig. 8 is an enlargedver tical longitudinal section of the air feeder 'f-'-f, Fig. 10, the base being omitted. Fig.

12 represents a horizontal section of the economizer section (D), taken on the line g-g, Fig. 10. Fig.13 represents one face of one I of the intermediate combustion chamber sections (B) of the boiler, both front and back faces of which are the same. This section is ofa thickness equal to that of each of the grate bars used 1n the boiler. Fig. 14 is a vertical section of the intermediatecombustion chamber section (B), taken on the line h-h, Fig. 13, the base being omitted. Fig. 15 is a horizontal section'of the intermediate combustion chamber section (B), taken on the line 23-4,- Fig.'13. Fig. 16 is a horizontal section of the intermediate combustion chamber section (B), taken on the line 7'j, Fig.

13. Fig. 17 is a horizontal section of the intermediate combustion chamber-section (B), taken on the line kk, Fig. 13. Fig. 18 is a horizontal section of the intermediate combustion chamber section (B) taken on the line l-Z; Fig. 13. In Figs. 16, 17 and 18 the grate of the furnace is omitted. Fig. 19 is the front face of the middle section (C) of the boiler, which face fronts on the combustion chamber of the apparatus. Fig. 20 is.

the rear face of the middle Section (C) of the boiler. Fig. 21 is a vertical section of the middle section (C) of the boiler, taken on the line mm,, Fig. 19. Fig. 22 is a broken vertical section of the boiler taken on the line M, Fig. 20, and drawn on a larger scale to show the structure in detail. Fig. 23 is a horizontal section of the middle section (C) of the boiler, taken on the line 00, Fig. 19. Fig. 24-. is a horizontal section of the middle section (C) of the boiler, taken on the line p-p, Fig. 19. Fig. 25 is a detail plan of a water or steam outlet at the top of the middle or other sections of the boiler.

. Fig. 26 is a sectional detail drawn on a larger scale, showing the construction of corrugations and fins provided for increasing the transmission of heat. 27 is the rear face of the back section (E) and base of this boiler. the smoke hood being in section. Fig.

'28 is the front face of the 'back' section (E) of the boiler, and of a base plate. Fig. 29 is a vertical section of the back section (E) of the boiler. and its base plate taken on the line gq, Fig. 27. Fig. 30 is a horizontal section of the back section (E) of the boiler, taken on the line r-r, Fig. 27. Fig. 31 is an elevational plan view of a; Water outlet to the boiler containing several movable rings against which an outlet pipe may be held in forming a rust joint connection with the boiler. Fig. 32 is a vertical section of the water outlet taken on the line ss, Fig. 31. Fig. 33 represents a horizontal section of all of the sections of the boiler taken on the line 0+0, Fig. 4, parts being omitted for clearness.

The reference characters indicate as fol- A is the front section of the bo ler shown I in'Fig. 1. f

A is a fuel door.

A. is an air-diverting partition. I

A are twy'ers for introducing small separate aircurrents.

B are intermediate combustion chamber sections.

C is the middle section which separates the combustion chamber from the economizing cavityof the'apparatus,

D are economizer sections.

E is the back section of the boiler.

F is the ash pit.

G (Fig. 1) is a base part containing a cavity located below the economizer cavity of the boiler.

G is a clean out opening.

Gr is the base cavity in G. F

Gr is a plate dividing the ash pit from the '95 cavit G. Y

H 18 the low level smoke outlet.

H are gas passages in the sections.

I is a high level smoke .outlet and chimney draft accelerator.

I is a smoke hood.

I is damper door.

I is a bell crank lever.

I is a connecting rod.

1 is a handle. I r

I is a device for holding the damper. door I open or shut.

K (Fig. 1) is a hot water or stem outlet.

L is an air feeder.

M is a grate bar.

-M is a rocker shaft.

M is a rocker bar.

N are recesses in the vertical sections of the boiler for receiving and holding firebrick.

O is a tray for holding fire-brick and supporting the grate of theapparatus.

0 (Fig. 1) are projecting cavities, into which the rocker arms of the grate and rocker bar may be swung.

O is a retaining plate for closing the apertures through which [the rocker bar is introduced, and for holding the rocker shaft M in place.

P (Fig. 4) is the crown sheet of the'boiler.

Q (Fig. 19) are transversely disposed ridges or fins for increasing heat transmission, contracting the gas apertures and for automatically shedding soot and dust.

Q are slits or openings in the fins or 13C S are fire-bricks and plaques formed to fit the recesses provided in the sections.

S are connecting water passages between the outer and inner water columns of the combustion chamber sections. These passages are sufficiently contracted in size to restrict the upward circulation of the water in the water columns R and thus prevent a too quick absorption of heat from the burning gases in the combustion chamber.

T (Fig. 20) are vertically disposed ridges or fins not directly attached to the water tubes except at their ends.

T? (Fig. 20) are lateral horizontally disposed heat conveying ridges connecting the ridges T with the water tubes.

U (Fig. 20 are push nipple hubs.

U are push nipple openings.

V are fins extending into the gas spaces of the boiler to increase heat transmission.

V are fins extending into .the water in the sections.

V are fins extending into'the water and connecting the opposing surfaces or faces of the boiler sections.

V are strengthening ridges.

V* (Fig. 20) are steam deflectors.

X is a slide for controlling the entrance of air to the air feed tube Y.

Y is an air feeding tube running between the boiler sections.

Z is a wedge for wedging the tubes Y in place.

Z are recesses in the boiler sections for allowing the passage of the air feeding tubes Y into the combustion chamber from without the apparatus.

Z is a dependent air conduit which preferably is extended to near the floor line.

Z is a handle for controlling the entrance of air through the air feeding tubes Y.

There are five specially formed sections in the boiler, namely: a front section, (A), (see Fig. l); e'cpnoniizer sections, (13); a middle section, one or more economizer sections, (D) i and a rear section, (E).

hen assembled, these sections form a com bastion chamber overthe grate bars, (M), and an economizer cavity at the rear of the middle section, (C), and over the base cavity, (G The size ofthe combustion chamber varies according to the number of sections, (B), used, the number of sections, (B), and the number of grate bars, (M), being the same. The grate surface therefore can be enlarged or diminished. The number of economizer sections, (D), may be varied, or all economizer sections can be, omitted, in which case, the gases pass downward between the section surfaces of the sections, (C), and (E). The base of the boiler' is made in sections corresponding in size with the number of the boiler sections used. Hence the base can be madeto correspond in size with any number of sections needed in' the boiler.

The front section A (see Figs. 3 and has the fuel door A which has an air diverting partition, A and a row of air introducing twyers, A" (see Fig. 4). The air is introduced through an ordinary slide at the bottom of the door and is drawn by the draft over the partition A down and out through the twyers A in fine streams in one horizontal row, and is thus spread over the fuel at the front of the fuel mass. Other fine streams of air are introduced over the fuel mass through the conduit L, (see Fig. l) and its branches which are projected between the sections into the combustion chamber. In this case the amount of air is controlled at each point of admission to the combustion chamber, so that too much air is not introduced at any one point, a practice which is common and which results in poor combustion due to too much cooling of the burning gases at the point of air introduction above the fuel mass. My object is to introduce in a positive manner only as much well distributed air above the fuel mass as may be needed for complete combustion, which I judge should be about two-thirds of the air needed for combustion, and to prevent undesirable cooling of any part ofv the gases by air dilution at any one point. The front face of the front section (A) is a sub stantially perfect plane, which form facili-- tales the manufacture of the section.

The combustion chamber sections B (see Fig. 13) are constructed to allow of as much vertical room as possible for the completion of combustion in the burning gases as they rise, and before they touch the heating surfaces at the top of the combustion chamber, and are designed to act more as a water containing envelop for the sides of the combustion chamber, than as heat absorbing surfaces, except as to-tlie surfaces at or near the highest level of thecombustion chamber. Separate vertical water columns, (R connected with the water conduit, (U), by specially arranged contracted "apertures, (R (see Fig. 18), restrict the circulation of the water upwardly in water columns (R which hence" does nbt absorb much iii the gases is completed. The transverse water conduit (R is made as thin and small as possible in order to prevent much 'heat absorption at that point, and to allow as much heat as possible to be radiated directly upward to the highest part of the combustion chamber. The gas space left between the sections comprising the combustion chamber is large, so that the radiated heat from the fuel mass passes directly upward, most of it first strikingthe crown sheet (P) of the sections.

The middle section 0 is designed to separate the combustion chamber of the apparatus from the economizer cavity at the rear of the middle section. The gas passages H are located at a high level and thus keep the hottest gases at a high level of the apparatus.

Brick plaques, (S keep the water in'the lower part of the section, (0), cool,- and this provides for a suitably low temperature in the water at that point to allow for the absorption of the heat which may remain in the gases as they descend between the economizer sections in the travel of the gases to the low level gas exit H.

The economizer section D is constructed to present a large area of heat absorbing surface to the gases, especially by the projection into the gas passages of heat absorbing fins and ridges directed from and connected with the water chambers of the sections.

The rear section E, like the front section A, has an outside plane surface to the section, and rounded corrugations and fins extending into the gas passages.

Except as to gas passages at a high level of the middle section (C), the combustion chamber and economizer cavity of this apparatus are divided imperviously'by the section (C), which is made up of fire-brick plaques, water tubes and heat absorbing fins or surfaces, (see Figs. 19 and 20). The

object of this construction is to prevent too rapid a loss of heat from the burning gases at a low level in the combustion chamber, and to prevent the heating of the water in the section (C) at a low level to so high a temperature that the lower degrees of heat in the gases traveling downwardly over the heating surfaces in the economizer cavity willnot be absorbed by the water in the lower part of the section (C). In this boiler the heating gases, after rising to the top of the combustion chamber, travel to the rear of the boiler, and out through the upper gas exit I, if the damper door I in i through the inlet J, the gas-travel and water-circulation are in counter-current, both vertically and horizontally. Theydamper door I is more or less opened to increase the chimney draft. It is actuated by means of the rod I, the bell crank lever I and the handle I the position of the damper door being maintainedby the device I.

There are niches N in the lower parts of the sections which form the combustion chamber for receiving and retaining specially formed fire-brick which rest on the tray 0. These tire-brick are of a sufficient height and thickness to substantially prevent lateral loss of heat from the fuel mass, and hence secure a more perfect combustion of the fuel. To further improve combustion, the inner vertical water tubes R are provided, and the circulation of water through them is restricted by the contracted water orifices R The water in the.

tubes R being kept warmer than the water in the outer envelop of the combustion chamber,

abovethe fuel mass so as to absorb' comparatively little heat. This arrangement of the heating surfaces also allows for the direct travel of'the radiated heat to a very large area of the heating surface at the upper part of the combustion chamber. In. this boiler there is little gas space in the transverse median line of each transverse chambered, water section, but much space between the sections. 1 I

In order-to obtain quick heating of the water in the boiler, and quick steaming, only a small amount of water space in the boiler is provided; but large heat transmitting efliciency is secured by having ridges and fins extending into both'the gasspaces and into the water. These fins V, V V and V are so placed and formed as to mold dry, and so as to secure the highest degrees of heat absorption at the highest level of the heating surfaces. Some of the fins (see V, Fig. 21), are wedge shaped. Others are uniform in width throughout their individual length. The contraction in size of the gas traversing apertures in the sections is secured by introducing laterally arranged fins lining the borders of water tubes and headers in a direction transverse to the travel of the gases. This provision secures heat absorption and also prevents the clogging of the gas apertures by the collection of soot, dust and iron rust because of the s' very thin edges of the fins immediately adljacent to the apertures. In this boiler the heating surfaces are so arranged as to be largely self-cleansing, most of the rust and soot droppinglonto the fuel mass and into the base cavity G But the heating surfaces can be reached and cleansed by brushes having right-angled handles, the surfaces being reached through the feed door A and the clean out door G.

In order to secure a proper difi'usion over the fuel mass of air for combustion, only a small amount of air is introduced through the fuel feed door. In this case the air enters through an ordinary draft slide throu h the bottom of the door, and travels upwar l throughapertures at the top of the partition A and then down and into the combustion chamber through the twyers A". More air is introduced over the fuel mass from the sides of the combustion chamber when the grate surface is extended far tothe rear. Under induced natural draft air fed from the door is not carried to sufiicient distance to secure a complete intermingling of the air with the volatilized gases. Hence in case of a grate extended into the rear 1 introduce air laterally over the fuel mass from both sides of the apparatus by means of air feeding devices L (see Figs. 1, 8 and 9), which providefor the diffused introduction of a number of small currents of air through the pipes Y which are projected inwardly between the combustion chamber sections in the recesses Z} formed in the lower part of the sections at a level close to the top of the fuel mass. The pipes Y are wedged in place with the wedges Z, and the entrance of air through each of the pipes is controlled by a slide X which is at the inlet of each pipe, (see Figs. 8 and 9), and which are operated from the front of the apparatus by handles Z Air is drawn intothe device L through the dependent air conduit Z (see Fig.- 1), which is of a suflicient vertical len th to prevent the exit through the conduit of gases against the atmospheric pressure acting in; the conduit Z. The ash pit G of the appa- What I claim as new is:

1. In a heating apparatus, the combination of (1) vertical water chambered sections comprising water legs, said water legs forming the lateral walls of a combustion chamber, (2) said combustion chamber, and ('3) means such as a contracted aperture in said water legs for restricting water circulation in said legs,said means comprising further means for dividing the water current entering the lower part of said legs into an inner current immediately facing the comouter wall of the apparatus, the inner current of water being restricted in its ci-rcu-lation by said mea-ns, said combination pre- -venting the premature cooling of heating gases as they impinge against the section legs facing the combustion chamber of said apparatus.

'2. In a heating apparatus, the combination with the water containing sectionsof said apparatus, of (1 niches or recesses in said sections for the insertion and retention in place of fire-brick formed to fit said niches or recesses, and (-2) said fire-brick, said firebrick preventing undesired cooling ofthe fuel mass of said apparatus from heat absorption into water, and for .preventing the undesired heating of water ata low level in said water containing sections. 3. In a heating apparatus, the combination of a plurality of cast iron vertically disposed chambeied sections comprising when assembled, a crown sheet, each of said sections comprising a transverse water head,

disposed water tubes, vertically disposed water tubes, water openings at the bottom of .said sections at both sides, and a single line of water openings in said sections in the center of the water heads in said sections, all of said openings connecting onesection to other sections by push nipples, the push nipples in said transverse water heads being located at a level above the crown sheet of said sections but near enou h to said crown sheet to-allow of the water evel in said boiler being high enough for water to traverse the said boiler from one section to the other section through heads when said boileri's-used for producing steam.

4. In a heating apparatus, -a water chamthe heating gases in the apparatus and two faces in contact with the water in said section, the exterior and interior surfaces of one face being irregular in form, and having solid fins or ridges cast integral thereon, and

the exterior and interior surfaces of the other face having a plane surface.

ratus is divided from the cavity Gr by the transverse plate G.

tion of (1) a plurality of vertical chambered one or more horizontally and transversely said push nipples in said transverse water bered section having one face traversed by bustion chamber and an outer current in the Ina heating apparatus, the combinasion' of gases of combustion through said water containing sections, said sections comprising the side parts of the peripheral walls of the combustion chamber of the apparatus and having provision for the introduction of means for conveying air for combustion through said parts at equally distributed distances and at the level of the upper surface of the fuelmass in the apparatus, and (2) said means for the introduction of alr which comprises means for preventing emistus, said fins and ridges being run or arranged'in the same line as the line of the gas travel of said sections, and being run or arranged in the line of the water travel in the water chambers of said section, whereby through said arrangement and placing of said fins or ridges the automatic shedding of ashes or soot is secured from the ridges or fins on the exterior of said sections, and of iron rust or earthy depositions from water from the ridges o-r fins on the interior of said sections.

7. A heating apparatus comprising, (1) a front section, (2) a rear section, and (3) intermediate combustion chamber sections, said intermediate combustion chamber sections having exterior water legs conveying water upwardly, which water legs compose part of the peripheral wall of the combustion chamber, horizontally disposed water channels at the bottom of the assembled combustion chamber sect-ion water legs uniting .said legs at the bottom of said legs. and secondary water legs running from said water channels upwardly to a high part of said combustion chamber but separated by a "contracted water passage from said water channel, said contracted water passage restricting circulation of water in said secondary water legs and preventing too rapid absorption of heat from the rising gases in said combustion chamber.

8. In a heating apparatus, the combination of a plurality of chambered connected vertical boiler sections, said sections com prising water tubes, gas apertures or passa es between the vertically disposed water tubes of said sections, said'water tubes having solid thin fins or ridges projecting from said water tubes into the gas way of said apertures and contracting the size of said apertures said apertures equably distributing the heating gases transversely over the whole width of said sections and preventing short circuiting of the gases through some apertures to the neglect of other apertures as the gases pass through the sections, said fins or ridgespreventing the closure of said apertures by the adhesion of soot and ashes passing through said apertures and to provide for the automatic precipitation downward and for the self-cleansing of said apertures and tubes from soot and ashes and to secure a large transmission of heat to the water in said sections without the presence of excessive amounts of water in said sections and to provide for the rapid heating and stcaming of the lesser amounts of water contained in said sections.

9. In a heating apparatus, a plurality of connected vertical chambered water containing sections comprising a water boiler ,having a crown sheet, said sections comprising gas passages through said sections, said sections being arranged, constructed and assembled and having a wide space between said sections for the upward travel of. heating gases from a lower level of said sections to the crown sheet of said sections, said wide spaces extending transversely into the sides of said sections, said sections having the gas traversing apertures through said sections of contracted size, said structure and arrangement having a long travel for 95 combustible gas and admixed air in their vertical rise in said apparatus, whereby the more complete union of air with said gases is effected before much heat is absorbed from said gases by the heating surfaces of said 100 sections. said sections being constructed and arranged with progressive increase of heating surfaces from below, upward to secure a progressive increase of heat absorption from the lower levels of said section to the crown 5 sheet of said section, the highest amount of heat beingabsorbed into the crown sheet of said section.

10. In a heating apparatus comprising connected vertical boiler sections (1) a verti- 110 cal water leg in the peripheral wall of the combustion chamber of said apparatus, (2)

a transverse head for water and steam communicating with said leg, (3) a feed water conduit at the bottom of said leg, and (4) 1 5 a contracted water conveying aperture between said conduit and said leg, said contracted aperture restricting watervcirculation in said leg and securing a better combustion in said apparatus.

11. In a heating apparatus comprising a plurality of connected vertical boiler sections, (1) a v'ertical water leg in the periplr, eral wall of the combustion chamber of the apparatus, said water leg receiving directly the intense heat of radiation from the fuel mass in said apparatus, (2) means for restricting circulationin said water leg, (3) a secondary vertically disposed water leg exterior to said first named water leg, and

means for controlling the circulation of the water therein, said secondary water leg receiving and absorbing a lesser degree of heat than the first named water leg, and (4) a feed water conduit at the lower part of said legs and connected therewith.

12. In a heating apparatus comprising a plurality of connected vertical boiler sectionssaid boiler sections comprising a sec 0 tion having the following structure, (1) a water conveying conduit at the bottom of said section, (2) a water head at the top of said section and a transverse water conduit at a level lower than said head, (3) vertical water tubes connecting said head and said conduit, and (4) solid fins or webs joining said tubes and conduits for increasing the absorbing capacity of said section, for reducing the quantity of water to be heated in said section-and for distributing gas -equably over the Heating surfaces in said appaaatus.

13: In a heating apparatus, the combination with a plurality of connected water chambered sections, of a section comprising water containing tubes and having solid fins or ridges attached to said tubes in the line of the transverse length of said sections and containing a contracted aperture in said fins or ridges for restricting the rate of passage of heating gases through said sections, for increasing the absorptive capacity of said section and for preventing the clogging of said aperture with corrosive incrustations, ashes or soot.

14. In a heating apparatus, the combination of a plurality of vertical sections forming a vertical sectional boiler, of cavities or niches in the structure of said sections for receiving fire-brick, whereby through said combination the improvement of combustion and of heat transmission is effected in said apparatus.

15. In a heating apparatus, the combination in a boiler comprising a combustion chamber and an adjacent heat economizing cavity, of (1) a front section, (2) c0n1bus-- tion chambered sections, (3) a back section, and (4) 'an; intermediate or middle section, said intermediate section separating said combustion chamber and said economizing cavity imperviously, except at a high level and containing provision for the insertion on the face of said intermediate combustion 5 chamber section facing said combustion chamber of, and for the retention of, firebrick, or other non-conducting material.

16. In a heating apparatus comprising connected vertical sections of a boiler, (1) a water containing conduit at the bottom of said sections, (2) transverse water heads at the top of the sections, (3) water tubes con necting said conduits with said water heads, (4) fins and contracted apertures between 55 the tubes, (5) means comprising gas passages for securing a long run for the complete burning of the combustible gases generated in said apparatus, said gas passages rising directly upward to the crown sheet of the boiler, thence running horizontally 7U backward, and then running perpendicularly downward, (6) means for securing the absorption of the heat of said gases after their burning, said last named means applying the highest heat of said gases at the highest level of the heating surfaces of the sections and securing a progressive absorption of the balance of the heat of said gases at progressively lower levels of said sections and the final absorption of the lowest 30 degree of heat in said gases, and (7 furthcr means for securing in said apparatus a flow of water therethrough in counter-current to the travel of the gases passing through said apparatus.

17. In a heating apparatus, the, combination with a plurality of connected vertical water chambered boiler sections, of fins and ridges extending into the gas passages of said apparatus and extending into the water traversing passages of said apparatus, said fins and ridges being constructed, arranged and disposed in wedge shape with apices directed downwardly to secure the absorption of most of the heating gases of said appara- 5 tus at a high level in said apparatus and for securing a progressively decreasing absorption of heat at progressively lower levels of the apparatus.

18. In a heating apparatus, the combination of (1) a plura ity of vertical water chambered sections, said sections being connected, assembled and forming a boiler containing a combustion chamber, (2) a furnace for said boiler, (3) means for preventing the lateral escape of heat from the fire mass in said furnace and further means for preventing absorption of much heat into the water in the lower levels of said sections, and l) means for the ihduction of divided but diitusedly distributed currents of air over the fire mass in said apparatus through the lower parts of the peripheral walls of said boiler and from without said boiler, said air introduction being controlled as to the amounts of air introduced and controlled as to the equable and diffused introduction of the air into the combustion chamber of the boiler.

19. In a heating apparatus, the combination with connected vertical chambered boilersections comprising a combustion chamber and a heat economizing cavity, of a base divided into two parts by a partition located for making one part of said base the 125 ash pit of said apparatus harmonizing in extent with said combustion chamber, and for making of the other part of said base a cavity harmonizing in extent and conforma tion with said economizing cavity, said first 1.30

prevent the short circuiting of gases from said ash pit to said second named part of said base, said second named base part having a waste gas outlet at a low level of said apparatus, said sections having a high level gas exit, said apparatus securing. a travel of the gases from the fuel mass in said apparatus upwardly to the top of the combustion chamber, then horizontally at a high level into said economizing cavity, and from thence Vertically downward to and outthrough the waste gas exit at a low level of said apparatus.

20. In a heating-apparatus, the combination with a plurality of connected water containing sections forming a boiler, of a water containing section comprising means for the insertion and retention on the face of said section of relatively thin plaques of non-conducting material for preventing the premature loss of heat in heating gases and for preventing the absorption of too much heat into the water in the section back of said plaques.

21. In a heating apparatus comprising a plurality of connected vertical water sections forming a boiler, water containing sections comprising a plurality of transversely placed and vertical oval shaped water tubes, and fins or ridges cast integral with said water tubes and extending into the water spaces'of saidwater tubes.

22. In a heating apparatus, the combination with a plurality of connected water containing sections fonnin'g a boiler, of a section comprising, a transverse water and steam containing head, said head being strengthened against internal pressure by fins-constructed around the periphery of said head, and extending into the water and i ste'glm spaces of said head, said strengthe'nihg ridges being located in harmony with the presence of other ridges or fins, or heat conductin metal of other forms, on the ex- .terior peripheries .of said head, said construction securing a more complete transmission of heat in conjunction with the strengthening of the peripheries of said head against internal pressure.

23. In a heating apparatus, the combina' tion of a plurality of connected vertical water containing sections forming'a boiler,

one of said sections having cast integral lid or door having "a curved edgefittedjto a plane edge around thefefiterior of said outlet, said structure providing for the attach- -ment thereto of a. hobd j r casing around,

said door, a smoke nipple for connecting said hood with the Qsinokepipe of said ap paratus, a bell crank-andconnectingrod carried to the front-of the boiler for actuating said hinged lid or vdoom-said waste gas outlet providing for the {institution of and control of an entire up draft through said apparatus, and a low level gas outlet for said apparatus, said first named outlet having for its purpose the stali'ting of a fire in said apparatus or theheat-ing of the chin1- ney cormected with saidvapparatus and for securing increase of chimney draft when desired. i

24. Ina heating apparatus comprising a plurality of vertical Water chambered sections forming a boiler, (1) means for securing an up-draft through said boiler, said means comprising an exit for the waste gases at a high level of said boiler, said exit being cont-rolled from the front ofsaid boiler, and (2) an exit for said waste gases ata level below, the lowest tions .of said boiler. v

25. In a heating apparatus comprlsinga combustion chamber, the combination with a plurality of connected vertical sections, of an intermediate combustion chamber section, said section comprising a water head, two exterior water legs, two interior water legs, means for restricting the circulation of water in the interior water legs, water channels at the base of said legs and-connecting therewith, a thin transversely placed Water conduit highly placed above thefuel mass of said apparatus and connecting th water legs, vertical water tubes connec .-.1g said transverse water conduit and said head, elongated vertically placed triangular .shaped fins on said vertical tubes extending downward from said water head on the exterior of said tubes, fins on the interior of said tubes, externally placed transversely projecting fins on said tubes, contracted gas passages between said fins, horizontally placed fins on the under side of'said head in the line of said contracted apertures and eX- tending from one face to the other face of said head, and niches at the bottom of said legs forthe placing of said brick at the bottom of said logs.

26. In a heating apparatus comprising a plurality of connected vertical sections forming a boiler, an intermediate water *containing section, the sides of said section facing the combustion chamber of the apparatus, having a plane surface in contact with the water in said section, said section having gas apertures at a high level of the combustion chamber of the apparatus, said seclevel of the secovoid pyramidal form whereby an equable contraction is secured in forming the metallic patterns used in the construction of said sections.

27. In a heatin apparatus, the combination with a plura ity of connected sections forming a water boiler, of a section comprising (1) a header of said section, (2) one or more transversely placed and horizontally rojected water conduits, (3) transversely p aced webs or fins between said conduits, and (4) apertures in said fins for the passage of ases through said apertures.

28. In a eating apparatus, the combination with a plurality of connected sections forming a boiler, of fins or ridges attached to said sections, said fins having slitted openings to prevent damage from expansion and contraction between said parts of said sections to which said fins are attached.

29. In a heating apparatus, the combination with a plurality of sections forming a boiler, of a water conveying section having a corrugated surface, said surface having fins or ridges projecting into the gas passages of said apparatus from the, corrugations projecting into the gas passages and having ridges or fins projecting into the water in said section from corrugations projectin into said water.

30. n a heating apparatus (1) a front section, (2) a back section, (3) intermediate sections having gas traversing apertures, said connected sections inclosing a combustion chamber and also an economizer cavity, said sections having means for introducing between said sections into said combustion chamber air for combustion in separate and well distributed currents over the fuel mass in said apparatus, and further means for controlling individually said currents of air, said sections having means for the conveyance of the heating gases after their combustion directly upward to the highest level of the heating surfaces of the combustion chamber and for the distribution transversely and equably of the gases over the heating surfaces of said intermediate section and means for the equable distributionof said gases passing through said sections and means for the passage of said gases horizontally at the highest level of the so-called flue heatingsurfaces and means for a further but progressively downward travel of the gases overthe heating surfaces of said economizer cavity, and (4) means for the final exit of the waste heating gases at a low level of said economizer cavity, said sections comprising means for the introduction of feedwater at a low level of said sections and means for the travel of said water horizontally and successively through the several sections of said boiler and upwardly through each section of said boiler 1n countor-current to the horizontal and downward travel of the heating gases passing through said boiler.

Signed at the city of New York, county of'New York and State of New York, this 9th day of June, 1908.

JOSEPH MOSES WARD KITCHEN.

Witnesses:

Gno. L. WHEnLooK, W. A. TOWNER, Jr.

Copies of this patent may be obtained for five cents each, by addressing the Commissioner 0! Patents,

Washington, D. 0.

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