US1856355A - Boiler - Google Patents

Description

May 3, 1932.

c. A. oLsoN 1,856,355

BOILER 4 Sheets-Sheet l Filed May 5, 1929 May 3 1932- c. A. oLsoN 1,&56,355

BOILER Filed May 5. 1929 4 Sheets-Sheet 2 7 7 ff" l 5% 47 4Q t 4g 42g lllqllllllllllll/l/ May 3, 1932. C, A, OLSQN 1,856,355

BOILER Filed May 3, 1929 4 Sheets-Sheet 3 May 3, 1932.

c. A. oLsoN 1,856,355

BOILER Filed May 3. 1929 4 Sheets-Sheet 4 patented May 3, 1932 UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE CHARLES A. OLSON, OF GENEVA, ILLINOIS, ASSIGNOR TO CRANE CO., OF CHICAGO,

Y ILLINOIS, A CORPORATION OF ILLINOIS IBOILER Application fued May 3,

' lis differing however therefrom in respect to the construction of the rearmost vertical section.

The rear section herein described is an improvement over the rear section shown in said prior application and provides new adv vantages in the manufacturing of the said section, in the maintenance of the section during use and in the eciency with which the heat is transferred from the iue gases to the water containedwithin this section.

One of the objects of this invention is to provide a boiler section having an upright water leg and an enlarged water chamber thereabove extending more or less horizontally therefrom, both of which have surfaces against which the products of combustion directly impinge and which surfaces are con structed to withstand extremely high flue gas temperatures and to expand and contract under changing temperatures without destructive stresses being set up therein.

,Another object of this invention is to provide a boiler section capable of attaining the Yabove objects and also adapted for convenience in casting and so designed as to eliminate destructive stresses therein during the casting thereof.

Another object of this invention is to provide a vertical boiler section adapted to be 'disposed at one end of a fire box having a water leg and a vertical wall capable of 1929. serial No. :$60,055.y

flexing without destructive stresses under the influence of high fire box temperatures and having connected thereto an enlarged water chamber extending inwardly over the combustion space of the fire box provided with a heat transfer surface connected to said vertical wall in a manner permitting unequal expansion and contraction of said surface and said wall without disruptive stresses at the conjunction of said surface and wall.

Other objects and advantages inherently possessed by this invention will later become apparent upon a` perusal of this specification.

Fig. 1 of the drawings is a front elevation of the second vertical boiler section shown in Fig. 2 counting from the left thereof.

Fig. 2 is a vertical longitudinal section through the middle of the boiler.

Fig. 3 is a front elevation of the rear boiler section.

Fig. 4 is a section on a horizontal plane passing through the line 4-4 of Fig. 3.

Fig. 5 is a partial rear elevation of the rear boiler section.

It should be understood that the number of vertical boiler sections which may be used in forming a single boiler is subject to variation and that the four herein shown serve only to illustrate the invention.

Referring to Fig. 2 the front section is designated as 1, the first intermediate section as 2, the next intermediate section as 3 and the rear section as 4:. The intermediate boiler section shown in Fig. 1 illustrates the arrangement of water chamber and flue passages which are preferably employed in all the intermediate sections, the two intermediate sections herein shown being identical except for the provision of a steam or water outlet on the top of section 2.

The lire box generally indicated as 5 extending above the saddles 6 on which the grate bars may be mounted will contain the fuel and the products of combustion arising therefrom.

' 16 is indicated by the dotted arrows in Fig.'v

Y 1.5 and 16 of-.Figl but some of the -will rise directly through the flue chamber 17 The products of combustion flow as follows. The burning gases impinge against the side walls 7 of the water legs 8 of the intermediate sections. The products of combustion at the top of the fire box will likewise impinge against the inclined surfaces 9 and 11 of these intermediate sections and will then iowv rearwardly toward the rear boiler section. As these gases strike the rear wall 12 of the rear boiler section and particularly its upper portion 13 they will be deflected upwardly against the ledge 14 and will then enter the pair of horizontal flue passages 15 and 16 which the vertical section 3` will have corresponding to the like desig- Ynated passages in Fig. 1. Theforward-flow of these gases through the passages 15 and 2. As the gases emerge from the-vertical section 2 into the front section 1 part of them will continue to flow through passages in the front section correspondingy to the passages gases and flow directly back through the upper horizontal flue passage. The flue gases which continue tov flow forwardly toward the twin lower horizontal flue passages in the flue section. will rise,-as indicated by the arrows, upwardly past an. opening 18 which will be covered by a flue cleanout door, not shown, and will then flow Vrearwardly through a commonV continuous upper horizontaliiue passage formed bythe joining of the passages 19, 20, 21, and 22 of the adjoining boiler sections. The general shape of this upper horizontal iueA passage ,corresponds to that which is shown in Fig. 1. Vrlhe flue gases emerging from the rear boiler section then will pass out into a smoke box, not shown,

' but 4which can be attached conveniently to thelugs 23shown in Fig. 5. Note that flue' gases are caused to iiow rearwardly 1n the fire box yuntil they reach the back water leg of the rear boiler section then flow forwardlythrough the twin lower flue passages 15 and 16 all the way to the front of the boiler, then rise and flow rearwardly again the entire length of thel boiler before passing out intothe smoke box.A This arrangement givesan unusually long distance of travel of the flue gases in a boiler of this type and is found to afford the heat transfer surfaces sufiiicient opportunity to absorb an exceptionally high percentage of the-heat contained in these gases.

Each of the boiler sections is provided with vertical water legs at the side ofthe combustion space similar to the water legs. 8 shown in Fig. 1. The water is admitted into -the boiler preferably vat the rear thereof through'a water Vinlet 24 on each side of the rear boiler section. The water flows forwardly from the bottom of each lateral water leg into the bottom of the lateral water legs lin Veacli adjoining section through connecting passages similar to the passage 25 shown in Fig. 2. The registering ports in the adjoining water legs which provide communication betweenv the bottoms of these water legs are provided with push nipples 26 which establish a tight seal when the sections are drawn together by means of horizontal tie rods, not shown, passing through the lugs 27 provided on the rear section and similar lugs on the front boiler section, two of these lugs 28 being shown on the front section in Fig. 2.

In the front boiler section a water leg is also provided at the frontV side thereof which must of course pass around the cleanout door opening 29 and the lire box door opening 31. Portions of this front water leg are indicated at 32 and 33.

It is an object of this invention to connect the water legs in the front section and all of the intermediate sections? to the upper water passages in the manner similarto that shown iny Fig. 1. As the hottest of the products of combustion are normally directly above the nre and as they will naturally rise to the upper limit ofthe lire box water passages 34 and 35 upwardly linclined toward thecenter line of the lire box are provided in the intermediate sections and similarly in the front section. The high temperature which the heat transfer surfaces9 andrll at- Y tain will naturally cause rapid transmission of heat to the water in the passages lying above them and will induce'a rapid flow of the ,water from the water legs across these surfaces toward the middle ofl the boiler thence upwardly through a common vertical water passage 36 thence outwardlyand upwardly through connected water passages 37 and 38. v As the water emerges ,fromV these latter two passages it then rises through the outside vertical passages 39 and 41 and enters the common water chamber 42 which lies above the uppermost iiue passage 20.l This common water chamber is indicated in Fig. 2 by the numerals 42 and 42^in the several boiler sections. v

l/Vhen this boiler is used for the generation of steam the water levelk will preferably be maintained at about the position shown by the line 43 in F ig. 1. Since this water level is slightly below the passages44'which connect they steam spaces in the several ysection s it is evident that even when the boiler is producing steam at a rapid rate the steam rising from the surface of the water in the several sections will have ample time to lose the excess of moisture in the form of water particles which it may Vcarry beforey it passes out through either'or both of theV steam outlets tact with the sections-by the compression afforded bythe aforementioned tie rods. VThe orts 48 and 49 shown in the front and rear oiler sections, respectively, may be closed by plugsor may be utilized as desired for the attachment of instruments or other connections. In order to assist in inducing the wate rising from the lateral water legs to flow inwardly and upwardly toward the central water passage 36 there are provided deflecting baflies 51 and 52 as shown in Fig. 1. These baffles deflect water toward the central water passage 36 yet do not prevent water from fiowing through the vertical water passages 53 and 54. Some downward flow of water through the passages 53 and 54, when a cold boiler is being heated, will assist materially in initiating and quickening the circulation of water in the water passages while a small amount of upward flow which may occur during the operation of the boiler will assist in the eilicient transfer of heat from the flue gases to the water.

Referring now particularly to the rear boiler section it is to be noted that the ledge 14 is inclined at a substantial angle to the vertical wall of the back water leg making possible the use of an amply large fillet 55. 'I he manner of joining the ledge 14 with the vertical wall 13 is such that, under the fluctuating temperatures which strike these heat transfer surfaces and which may vary from the maximum fire box temperature obtainable in the boiler to a relatively low temperature when the fire is banked, it permits the expansion and contraction of these surfaces, which may or may not proceed equally, to occur without sett-ing up destructive stresses which might cause cracking of the casting at or near the fillet 55. If this fillet were sharper and the two joined surfaces disposed approximately at right angles to each other the expansion and contraction of these surfaces might cause the casting to crack when the boiler is being used. Furthermore, it has been found that the construction of the rear boiler section as shown in Fig. 2 lessens the danger of the casting cracking in the foundry when it is being made.

Not only does the novel construction of this rear boiler section eliminate cracking during casting or during the operation of the boiler but it also, by reason of the inclination of the ledge 14 above the high temperature flue gases, induces a rapid upward liow of water from the depending water legs across this very eiiicient heat transfer surface thence upwardly and around the fiue passage 22 up toward the steam space. Note that Fig. 3 indicates that the water passage lying above the ledge 14 is formed in two upwardly and outwardly inclined passages 56 and 57 which carry the water around the lateral extremities of the upper flue passage 22. These upwardly and outwardly inclined passages meet at their lowermost point at the longitudinal middle of the fire box where normally the hottest products of combustion will strike the underside of the' ledge 14. Also these hottest gases will strike the vertical wall 13 at its middle portion. Due to the higher gas temperatures which are a plied to this part of the heat transfer surface the more rapid conduction of heat to the water at these points will cause a more rapid flow of water upwardly from the back water leg upwardly and forwardly over the ledge 14 thence outwardly and upwardly through the passages 56 and 57. This rapid iow of water over these more highly heated heat transfer surfaces will promote the efficiency with which the heat units of the fuel are transferred to the water. The higher temperatures attained on these surfaces and the more rapid circulation of water over them thus increasing the efficiency of the boiler operation are operative advantages which reside in this construction along with the structural advantages previously mentioned which eliminate destructive stresses.

The front wall of the rear water leg in the rear boiler section is also corrugated as indicated in Figs. 2, 3 and 4, which also permits of contraction and expansion of this wall without destructive consequences. The corrugated front wall of the rear water leg cooperates with the inclined surface of the ledge 14 during the expansion and contraction of these surfaces. Both surfaces, being somewhat resilient, are capable of the slight amount of relative movement which may be caused by unequal temperature variations. The resiliency of the corrugated surface and the ledge 14 and their connection at the curved fillet 55 also enables them to cool and contract during the casting of the rear section without the occurrence of destructive stresses which might result in cracking of the casting. Also the corrugations increase the amount of heat transfer surface which may be available between the lateral eX- tremities of the boiler section.

rI`he drawings and the specification illustrate but one embodiment of this invention. It should be understood that other embodiments and modifications of the invention may be devised which will yet remain within the spirit and scope of this invention as defined in the claims which follow.

I claim:

1. In a boiler having a flue communicating with the fire box and extending generally horizontally, a water chamber comprising an upright water leg at one margin of the boiler fire box and a water passage joined to the top of said leg extending inwardly over the lire box having as its lower wall an inclined surface arranged to deiiect the products of combustion from the fire box upwardly into said flue, said surface having its lowermost portion joined to the upper middle portion of the inner wall, of Vsaid water leg on which lowermost portion the hottest of the products of combustion strike as they are being deflected Y into said ue, said inclined surface being designed to rise inwardly, laterally and upwardly from its said lowermost portion, said arrangement of the incl-ined surface of said water passage and the connection of the lat` terwith said water leg being adapted to aid a rapidk flow of water over the most highly heated portion of said surface. 2. In a, boiler having a flue communieating` with the lire box and extending generally horizontally, a water chamber having a depending water leg disposed at a margin ofthe boiler fire box and an inwardlyprojecting water passage extending inwardly over'the re box from the upper end of said water leg and inrcommunication therewith, the bottom of said passage being substantially inclined and having a depressed middle portion connected to the inner wall of said water leg by aY curved fillet, the portions of l said water passage on either side of its depressed middle portion being upwardly inclined at a substantial angle, the whole being arranged to permit a heat-induced rapid circulation or water from the middle of the waterleg throughy the middle of the projecting portion of said water passage.k

Q3. In a vertical sectional boiler, a plurality of vertical boiler sections adapted whenassembled to provide a generally horizontal Hue passage communicating with the top oi the boiler fire box,- and a vertical boiler section having a dependi-ng water leg disposed; at one marginlof the boiler fire box near the entering end of said flue and having an inwardly projecting water chamber at the top of its water. leg, the bottom surface of said water chamber being inclined laterally inwardly wall of said water leg, the middle portion of said water 'chamber being depressed relatively to its lateral portions.

v-In witness of the foregoing I yaiix my sig-A nature. f

CHARLES A. oLsoNf.`

and upwardly at a substantial angle and ari ranged to deflect the` products of combustion rising in said fire box into the entering end of said flue, the bottom of said water chamber vbeing joinedrby a curved lillet to the inner wall of said water leg, the vceiling of said water chamber forming thebottom oi a second flue passage and being inclined from its middle portion upwardly toward itslateral margins to encourage the flow of water from the middle portion toward the opposite lateral portions of said chamber.

j '4. In a vertical sectional boiler, a plurality `of vertical boiler sections adaptedwhen assembled toprovide a generally horizontal lflue passage communicating withA the top of the boiler fire'box, and a vertical boiler section having a depending water leg disposed at oneimargin of the boiler lire box near the entering end of said fluev and having an inwardlyprojecting water chamber at the top of its water leg, the bottom surface of :said .water chamber beinginclined inwardly and upwardly at a` substantial angle and ar-

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