US871319A - Gas-engine. - Google Patents

Description

PATENTED NOV. 19. 1907.

P. R. BISSBLL.

GAS ENGINE.

APPLICATION FILED rm. 20, 1906.

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' P. R. BISSELL.

GAS ENGINE.

APPLIOATION FILED n13.20. 190s.

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, rections."

PERCY R. BISSELL, OF NEW YORK, N. Y.

GAS-ENGINE.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented Nov. 19, 1907.

Application filed February 20. 1906- Serial No- 301.990-

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, PERCY R. BISSELL, a citizen of the United States, residing in New York city, in the county of New York and State of New York, have invented certain plosion for each revolution of the crank shaft or one com lete reciprocation of the piston in the cylin er.

Olne object of the invention isto provide an improved form of engine inwhich there is absolutely no movable valve device, but the' admission and exhaust ports are opened and closed by means of registering portions of the piston and cylinder walls or extensions rigidly connected with said two members.

Another object of the invention is to provide in such a valveless structure, an organi zation whereby the explosive mixture will be admitted to the cylinder chamber at one end thereof and exploded or exhausted at the opposite end thereof.

A further object is to provide in the lat ter structure, means for drawing in the explosive gas, thereupon compressing such gas, and delivering -the compressed explosive gas to the said end of the cylinder opposite the exhaust end thereof; whereby the expioded charge in thecylinder from the previous active stroke will be thoroughly expelled and displaced by afresh mixture.

Another object of this invention is to pro wide in a two cycle engine of the valve ss type, means for admitting to the cylinder proper at the end of the active stroke, a-

fresh charge of greater volume than the then available area of the cylinder and also under pressure whereby to effectually displace the exploded charge by an explosive mixture under compression.

Another object of the invention is to provide improved means for varying the timing or area of the so-called valveless ports.

'Another object of the invention is to provide in a gas engine-of the character above set forth an organization *of two pistons in one cylinder connected with a single crank shaft and operating reactively in opposite di- With these objects in view and others as will hereinafter appear, my invention comprehends the construction and con1- binations of parts substantially as hereinafter set forth. r

In the drawings representing forms of gas engines embodying the principles of the present invention, F i ure 1 represents a vertical section of a comp ete engine showing thepiston in the lowermost position. Figs. 2, '3 and 4 are fragmentary views similar to FigQl but showing the piston in different successive positions, Fig. 2 showing the piston in the uppermost position, Fig. 3 showing the piston in alsomewhat lower position and Fig. 4 showing the piston in a position intermediate of Figs. 1 and 3. Fig. 5 shows a modification in which a removable sleeve is attached ,for varying the admission timing to the compression chamber. Fig. 6 showslthe attachment of an adjustable sleeve for the purpose of varying the admission of the compressed charge into the, main cylinder, which adjustment can be effected from the outside of the engine and during the operation thereof. F igq? shows a modified'form of the admission portion of the cylinder in which the mixture or gas is admitted on the opposite side of the piston from its working side instead of at the other end and passing through the piston. Fig. 8 is another modification similar to Fig. 7 but having an admission port in the crank casing which is closed this figure also showing the cylinder extension provided with internal ribs providing greater surface for imparting heat to the mixture that is being compressed; and Fig. 9 is a transverse section through the piston extension on the line 99 indicated in Fig. 8. Fig. 10 shows a modlficatlon employing two connected pistons in one cylinder.

In the structures of Figs. 1 to 4, the engine comprises a main cylinder 10 having a crank case 9 that is connectedtherewith and which is closed against escape of the gas. In the cylinder 10 operates the main piston 11 which is shown as. cylindrical and is of the trunk type and connected with a crank 12 on a shaft 13 by a connecting rod 14 by .mean aof a wrist-pin 15, in the usual manner. The hollow piston 11 has a cylindrical extension '16 connected with its head 17 which head is thus annular or of the differential type. The piston extension 16 extends throughout the lengthof the cylinder 10 and projects into the bore of a reduced extension 18 of the'cylinder 10,- the extensionvlo fitting snugly into this cylinder extension, thereby forming a differential piston'working in an annular chamber in\th'e cylinder, the effective portion of the'piston 11 being the annular portion 17. Extension 18 of the cylinder terminates in a head 19 into which leads the admission pipe 20 from the gas supply or mixture. j y

The exhaust from the main cylinder portion. 11 is through an exit pipe 21' and chamher 8 having one or more ports 22 leading into the cylinder. These ports 22are un covered when the main piston 11 is in its lowermost position as shown in Fig. 1, but

--ders when the piston rises to the position shown in 4, these exhaustports are closed and remain closed as the piston travels upward, as shown in 3 and 2. v

The piston extension 16 has its upper end 2 closed, ibutiis provided with one or more side ports 24, "that'when the piston is in the uppermost position as shown in Fig. 2 will admit the gas from the inlet pipe 20 into the hohow piston, and therefore into the crank chamber space below the hollow piston. As the piston descends from the position shown in Fig. to that ofFig. 3 it will be seen that the piston admission ports .24 are automatically closed by means of the walls of the cylinder extension 18. WVhen the piston descends to the position of Fig. 1, -it will be observed that the ports 24 therein are open to the annular cylindrical space which is denoted by '25. ,Any desired means may be -mployed for exploding the charge or mixture in this 'a'nmllar space 25 at the proper period, a spark plug 26 being indicated whose circuit is closed at the proper time by any preferred .means, no-tshown'.

he operation of the parts described is as followsz'Supposing the engine to be standing idle without any. gas'mixture therein, the crank shaft isoperated to start. the engine. Beginning with the position of Fig. 2, with the piston uppermost, the downward stroke of the iston from the position of Fig. 2 to that 'of h i g. 4, will compress the atmospheric air, contained in the hollow piston and in the crankcase; at the same time whatever atmos here'or gas was in the cylinder space 25 J-bGXPELIldGd and upon reaching. the position of F g. 1, the air compressed in. the cylinder and crank case will now be' opened to the cylinder s ace 25 through ports 24 and-the latterwil beopened tothe exhaust throu' h' the ports 22. The compressed air will 0 viousl-y find relief through the cylindrive the contained gas whatever it may be ahead ofit'out through the other end at 22; thus performing a scavenging act. Upon cs 25 and entering it atone end will v the return upward stroke of the piston, the

ports 22 and24 will very soon be covered as indicated Fig. 4. This will cause'a corn-. pression in the cylinder space 25; but will.

orts 24 areclosed and-no ad-' mission port is' now open. 'Butas soon as the ports 24 pass upwardj from the-position of'Fig. 3 to open to the admission pipe 20, the partial vacuum therein-jwillcause the'rexploslve mixture to be sucked in'through'the pipe 20 into the entire' space -ofthe hollow;

piston and the crank case. Then upon the return or downward stroke of thepiston, the pistonports 24 will be at once closed by the adjacent walls, thus causing a compression of the explosive gases in the crank case and hollow piston. And when the piston reaches the lower osition opening the ports 24, the compresses explosive mixture 1n the crank case will have exit into the upper end of the cylinder chamber. 25, and will naturally driv e out the gas or atmosphere in this s ace throiigli the ports 2". at the other end 0 the cylinder space 25. In this way an explosive charge is drawn into the cylinder proper.

'N ow upon the u ward stroke of the piston, the

port 22 is close and the explosivecharge retained in the cylinder chamber and compressed during the entire upward stroke of the pis-' ton. The ports 22 are closed by the cylinder extension preventing escape of the explosive mixture and at the same time causing a rarefication inthe crank case and hollow piston.

-When the piston reaches the limit of its upward stroke, the ports 24 will uncover to theadmission pipe 20 and draw into the crank case a new charge of gas, And at this period,

the ignition device is caused to operate to crank case'and hollow piston will be again com ressed. At the end of this active stro e as shown in Figs. 4 and 1, the exhaust ports 22 will uncover permitting the exploded charge to escape through the exhaustpipe 21. But vat this period, the ports 24 w1ll be uncovered admitting the compressed charge in the crank case and hollow cylinder into the piston chamber 25 at the end opposite to the exhaust ports 22. The effect of this will be to drive out the exploded charge through the port 22 and to displace thesame by a fresh mixture under compression in the crank case. The momentum of the fly wheel and en ine arts from theactive downward stro e wil inthe usual manner move the piston upward. As above. explained, this u ward stroke, closing the exhaust ort an admission port 24 will comress t e fresh charge in the cylinder chamher 25, and will draw in a fresh charge into the crank case and hollow'piston. Atf-the as before will ignite the compressed. charge that will d rive the piston downward repeating the o ration. From this it will-be seen that at t e upward stroke of the piston or at one half of each revolution of the crank "shaft, aifreshlcharge is compressed for ignior second half of the revolution, the coincharge is exploded causing the advancement of the p ston, and at thesame time the fresh charge is placed under compression. Furthermore, at the end 'ofthe active stroke the ex loded gasesare expelled from" e worklng chamber, and are replacedjbya fresh charge to compressed sion '16.;- the.

the upward stroke .In 1 5 1s shown a removable sleje a packing 28 around-the piston exteneevebeingclampedby bolts 29,"v tapped into; the extension. This sleeve servejs' tonioreor less throttle the ports 24 inf thefex "nsion and thus control the amount of zigasesifadiihitted'according to its adjust me ts. .r

- Mea "sajeiprovided for throttling or adjusting the size of "the admission passage of the; compressed charge into the cylinder 2,5, which means is shown as adjust a ble from {the outside of the engine,

and-may even be adjusted duringthis operation.- Oneform of suchmeans is illustrated in Fig.6) comprising a sleeve 30 secured to -.the; rod '31 passing through the end of the head ;19 and pivotally connected with a link 32 that is 'hinged' to'abracket 33 fast. on the lower position causing the ports 24 to be opened tothe working chamber 25, the. sleeve will project more or less over these ports and amount of'the throttling of these "head-fiAnbolt 34 also fast on the bracket x "35, 35 serving to clamp the lin': in its positions. ia'djustably secured in. engagement Wltll the passes throughthe link 32 and carriesjam The sleeve 30 is thereby "boreiofjthe pistonext'erision was shown in Fig. 6.. '.And when this. BXiLGIlSlOIl'lS in its thus restrict their opening in the manner shown. By adjusting the jam nuts 35, thesleeve 30 is raised or lowered to vary the orts 24 when in this position- But obvious y when .the extension moves upward to the-position of'Fig. 2, "the collar,30 in no wise interferes with the admission of the explosive gas into the piston extension.

It-w'ill be observed in these several forms ,-of the invention that the exploded charge is 'drivenzout at. one extremity of the explosion chamber while the fresh charge of explosive mixture is admitted at the opposite end of such explosion chamber. And the explosive gases are admitted to such end of the chamber under nressure'above atmospheric,

27 arrange the extension 1-8:ofthe-c inder; {that acts as argl'and orfollower to -compress which two conditions will result in a thorough scaven ing or cleaning out of all traces of the explo ed gases, which will be replaced by afresh charge-of ex losive mixture. will be fUItlJQIObSGIW-l that the volume of the space in the explosionchamber that is traversed-by the'annular piston therein, is considerably less than the volume of the space traversed by the other portion of the iston including its .extension when performmg the bperatjionof compressing the explo sive gas'tobeiintroduced into the explosion chamber'at the completion of the working cycle -on'stroke. As a resultof this latter preponderance of effective areas, it is alwa s assured that the exploded gases will be endriven outof the explosive chamber atathejend oi the stroke 211K replaced by an explosive gas to be compressed on the return or second stroke of the engine. Furthermore the structure herein set forth insures that the explosive gas or mixture will be drawn in through the admission port at every working strofae' into the proper chamber to be compressed and then admitted into the explosion chamber under more or less pressure. What I claim is r 1. In an explosive engine, a cylinder having' a chambered extension, a ho'llow piston working in the cylinder-and provided with a chambered extension working in the cylinder extension, the piston extension having its free. end closed and being provided with a lateral port normally closed by the wall of the cvlinder extension, a side-port at the end oi the cylinder extension arranged to open to the port in the piston extension at one end por tion of the piston'stroke, said piston extension ports being arranged to open to the oil inder when the pistonis at the other end of its stroke, and a closed crank case opening into the cylinder, the piston being open to said extension providing a passage through the piston by'means of the ports 111 such extension.

2. In an-explosion engine, a cylinder having a chambered extension at one end the said extension having an enlarged chamber at its free end, an admission port in said enlarged chamber, 'ahollow piston working in the 'cylinder and provided with a closed chambered extension operating in the said 0 linder extension, one or more side ports in the piston extension normally closed by the walls of the cylinder extension, but arranged to open to the cylinder at one limit of the piston stroke and'to open to the said enarged cylinder extension chamber at the other limit of the piston stroke, and a'closed crankcase opening into the cylinder, the pie-v. 'ton being open tosaid extension providing a passage, through the piston' by means of the ports in such extension. L

3. In an explosion engine, a cylinder hav'- ing a chamberedextension, a'hollow piston workingin the'cylinderand provided with a chambered'extensi'on working in the cylinder extension, the piston. extension having its free-end'closetl and'beingprovided with a lateral-port normally closed by the wall of the cylinder extension, a side port "at the end of the cylinder extension arranged to open to the port in the piston extension atone end portion of the piston stroke, said piston extension ports being arrangedto open to the cylinder when the piston is at the other end of its stroke, a closed crank case opening into the cylinder, thepiston being open to said the cylinder.

extension providing apassage through thepiston by means of the ports insuch extension, the cylinder being provided with exhaust-ports normallyv covered by the piston but uncovered at the end of its active stroke extension operating in'the said cylinder ex tension, one or more side ports in the piston extension normally closed by the walls of the cylinder extension, but arranged to open to the cylinder at one limit of the piston stroke,

. and to open to the said enlarged cylinder @e'xtension chamber at the other limit of the piston stroke, the cylinder being provided with exhaust ports normally covered by the "piston but uncovered by the piston at the end of its activestroke whenthe said exten-' sion ports are opened to the cylinder, and a closed crank case opening into the cylinder, the piston being open to. said extensionprovi-ding a passagethrough the piston by means.

of the ports in such extension.

. 5. In an explosive. engine, thefcombin'ation with a cylinder, a closed crank ease opening tothe cylinder. at one end,-a reduced chambered extension on the other end of the cylinder provided with an enlarged chamber at its outer. end, an admission port for-said latter enlarged chamber, a chambered piston working in the cylinder and provided with a chambered extension working in saidcylin-' der extension, the piston. extension havingl its free'end closed and provided with one or more lateral ports adjacent said'end that are alternately'open' to the cylinder at one end ofthe' stroke and to thesaid enlarged chani ber at the other end of the stroke, the cylinder being provided with exhaust ports nor mallycovered by the piston but uncovered at the end of its active stroke when the said extension ports are opened tothe cylinder. 6; In an explosive engine, a cylinder having a chambered extension, a hollow piston working in the cylinder and provided i a chambered extension working in the-cylinder extension, the piston extension having its" free .end' closed andbeing provided with a' lateral port normally. closed by" the wall-inf the ,cylinderextension, a port at the endof the cylinder extension arranged to open @fto the port in the piston extension at one end portion ofthe. piston. stroke, said piston extensionports' being arranged to open to the cylinder when the piston is at the other limit of its stroke, saidfpiston extension having an aperture in its closed .end,'.a closed crank case, opening into the cylinder, the

mechanism on the'o'utside of the cylinder for locking saidrod in adjusted positions where-.. by said tubular member will more or lessregcylinder;

piston being open to. said-extension providing a passage'through thepiston by means of the portsin such extension, an-alining.

aperture in the end of the cylinder extension; a rod proj ecting into the cylinder and piston through said 'apertures, an open tubular membersecured to the-lower end of said rod,

ister with t-he lateral ports in the piston extens'ion when the latter areopen to the 7;. In an explosive-engine, a cylinder having a chambered extension at 'one-'end,; the said extension having an. enlarged chamber at its free end, an admission port. in said onlarged chamber, a piston'working in the 'cy inderan ld provided-with a closed chambered.

.exteiision operating in. the said cylinder extension, one ormore side ports inthe piston extension normally closed by the walls of the cylinder extension, but arrangedto open to the cylinder atone iii-nit of the-piston. stroke,-

and to open to the said enlarged cylinder-ex-' tension chamber at .the other: limit of the piston stroke, the cylinder being provided with exhaust ports normally covered'by the piston but; uncovered by the piston at the end of its active strokewhen the said .extension ports are opened to thecylinder, -a

closed crank case opening into the cylinder,- the piston being open tosaid extension providing a passage through. the piston by means of the ports in "such extension, .said piston extension having an aperture inijits closed end, an alining" aperture in the end of the cylinder extension, a 'rod projectinginto the cylinder and piston through said apertures,-an open tubular member'se'cured to thelower rod in adjusted positions whereby said tubular member will more or less register -York, Y.,' this with the lateral ports in the piston extension when the latter are open to thecylinden;

Signed at Nos. 9 to 15 Murray St.,-.,-l; I e.w

17 day-of February, 1906.

. PERCY n, BISSELL,

WitnesS'esI'. F. E. Boron,

WILLXAMH. Ra n." L k

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