US1310906A

US1310906A - de aburto

Info

Publication number: US1310906A
Authority: US
Publication date: 1919-07-22
Anticipated expiration: 1936-07-22

Description

J. R. DE ABURTO.

INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE.

APPLICATION HLED MAY 24. 1918.

Patented July 22, 1919.

2 SHEETS-SHEET I.

muentoz J. R. DE ABURTO.

INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE.

APPLICATION FILED MAY 24. 1918.

2 SHEETSSHEET 2.

J QSE RAMON DE ABURTO, 0F MADRID, SPAIN.

INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINE.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented July 22, 1919.

Application filed May 24, 1918. Serial No. 23 ,342.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, JOSE RAMON DE ABURTo, a subject of the Kin of Spain, residing at Zurbano 58, Madri Spain, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Internal-Combustion Engines, of which the following is a specification.

The present invention has reference to internal combustion engines; and it resides in the provision of certain improvements which relate primarily to the construction of the piston or pistons comprised therein, and to the means employed for cooling the same and for scavenging the cylinder, all as hereinafter fully described.

An embodiment of the invention is illustrated in the accompanyingdrawings; but while this embodiment may be considered for all present purposes as the one preferred,

the invention is not to be understood as limited to the precise structural details thereof, since modifications and changes may well be made within the scope of the invention as subsequently claimed, and since parts and features of the invention may be utilized without others, and in other and different environments.

In said drawings, Figures 1 and 2 are partsectional end and side elevations, respectively, of the engine, and Fig. 3 is a horizontal sectional view of a detail.

The engine illustrated in the drawings is of the multi-cylinder type, the several cylinders being inclosed within a common casing and having the rods of their pistons connected to a crank shaft which, as shown, is

ournaled in a crank case that is disposed eneath and suitably fastened to the cylinder case. Each cylinder is provided at its top with a spark plug S, which may be of any preferred character. 7

he cylinders, as shown, have upper and lower portions of different. diameters, the last-named portion comprising concentric outer and inner'chanibers which are sepa-,

rated by an annular partition wall It". The inner chamber and the upper or compression portion or chamber B of each cylinder have nearly the same diameter, that of the aforesaid annular partition wall 70 being only slightly less than the diameter of the chamber B, which latter is provided with an inlet R and an outlet T for the fuel and spent gases, respectively, and also with an air inlet 5. The outer chamber D is of annular shape, is closed or roofed at its top for a purpose presently explained, and communicates at its bottom at one side of the engine With a rotary distributer K, and at the other side with a vertical passage M which leads upwardly to the inlet port R of the compression chamber B. The distributing valve K, which may have the form of a hollow cylinder, is put in communication in some suitable manner with the carbureter (not shown), and is furnished with an opening for each cylinder, the arrangement of these openings relatively to another being such that during the rotation of the distributer (which may be effected in any desired way), they will supply the gaseous mixture or fuel to the cylinders in the proper order and at the required intervals of time.

The pistons of the several cylinders are likewise of special construction, as has previously been stated, and, like the Lower portions of the said cylinders, comprise concentric inner and outer cylindrical members A and A, which are spaced slightly from each other, thereby providing an intermediate annular chamber z', in which the annular partition wall in works as the piston reciprocates up and down. Both members A and A are connected at their upper ends to the cap or head as of the piston; and the outer member A is provlded with a plurality of vertical. slots at and with a circumferential flange or shoulder Z, the latter being located at the lower edge of said member A and being designed to work iii the annular chamber D, while the inner member A, which is hollow, is open at is lower end, as indicated at Z (Fig. 2). Thecap portion 00 of the piston has formed in it adjacent its lower edge a plurality of apertures b, which provide conununieation between the interior of said cap and the top of the chamber In so far as relates to the gaseous fuel employed, the operation of the engine is substantially as follo:\vs:i&ssiuming that the various parts are in the positions indicated in Fig. 1, and that the inlet R has admitted acharge of fuel through passage M into the compression chamber B, the piston, as it ascends, will gradually compress the charge in the usual way, the degree of compression increasing as the movement of ing valve K is open at this time, so that as sion will be exploded, and the piston Wlll be drivendownward thereby, the ports R and T being opened toward the ,end of the stroke,

and the distributer K closing. The burnt gases will then escape to the atmosphere through the outlet port T, toward which they are deflected by a suitable battle L located upon the top of the piston cap a, while at the same time the charge previously drawn into the chamber D below flange Z will be forced therefrom into and through the passage M, and will enter chamber B through the inlet port B, the bafile directing the incoming charge toward the top of said chamber and thus preventing it from escaping through port T. The ports T and R are closed by the succeeding upward movement of the piston, the distributer K again opens, and another fresh charge is drawn into chamber D, the cycle of operations continuing as long as the engine is running.

To cool the piston, anair-injecting system is employed, as previously stated, the arrangement being such that successive charges of air are drawn into and compressed in chamber D by the piston, and are thereafter forced into the interior of the inner piston member A. According to the construction illustrated, an automaticallyoperating inlet valve 8 is'provided for each cylinder, this valve opening into the annular chamber D, so that upon the descent of the piston, the suction created in said chamber will draw air thereinto through the valve; and this charge of air will be compressed between the flange Z and the roof of the said chamber when the piston makes its upstroke. Com-pression of the air charge continues until the openings m have cleared the upper edge of the partition wall far enough to permit part of the charge to pass therethrough into the intermediate piston chamber 2', whence it passes through the apertures 6' into the cap portion a: of the piston and, in consequence, acts to cool the latter, and finally escapes into the atmosphere through the outlet pipe 2 connected to the crank case. Thereafter, the openings at are again closed, as they come opposite the wall of the chamber B, and the remainder of the charge of air is subjected to a further compression.

This same air-injecting system is also utilized for supplying air under pressure to the compression chambers B of the engine cylinders for scavenging purposes; and with that object in view, the air inlets 5 of all of said chambers are caused to register at the proper periods with a set of openings formed in a hollow,.lotary sleeve 2, which latter is suitably housed and journaled in the cylinder case and is connected by a chain 4 with the rotary distributing valve K to be driven therefrom, this sleeve 2 thus serving. as a distribu-ter for the air charges. The interior of the distributer 2 communicates by way of suitable pipe connections 3 with the chamber D, the passage of the air through said connections being controlled by normally closed valves 1 disposed therein; Accordingly, when the piston is making its upstroke and compressing the charge of air drawn through the valve 8, which latter has closed by that time, the pressure of the air will eventually reach a point where it is high enough to open the valve or valves 1 and pass through the pipe or pipes 3 into the interior of the distributing valve 2. This takes place at about the time when the charge of fuel is exploded, at which time,

as will'be understood, the openings m in the outer piston member A are closed by the wall of the chamber B. The piston then begins its downward movement, and shortly afterward uncovers the outlet T; and at the same time, the distributer 2 turns to a position where one of its openings registers with the passage 5, so that the charge of air is then free to pass into the chamber B and force the spent gases out ahead of it through the outlet T, leaving the said chamber clean.

The mode of operation is believed to be apparent from the foregoing, and for that reason no detailed description thereof has been considered necessary. As regards the advantages of the invention, however, it is desired to point out that both members of the piston are rigidly connected to the cap x and, hence, move as a unit, so that only a single piston rod and crank are required for each piston, whereas heretofore a separate rod or analogous connection, and in some cases, a separate crank, have been deemed advisable for each member of a differential or two-part piston to secure the desired results, the present arrangement being obviously simpler and less expensive.

pletely scavenge the engine cylinders after each explosion.

Having thus described my invention, I claim:--

1. In an internal combustion engine, the combination of a cylinder comprising upper and lower chambers, the latter consisting of an. inner portion disposed in alinement with, and having substantially the same diameter as, the upper chamber, an outer annular portion encircling the inner portion, and an annular partition separating said outer and inner portions; and a piston arranged to reciprocate in the upper chamber and in the inner portion of the lower chamber, and consisting of spaced outer and inner tubular compressing members disposed on opposite sides of said partition, and a cap to which both members are fastened at their upper edges; the outer member having openings providing communication between the outer portion of said lower chamberand the annular space between the outer and inner piston members, and also having at its lower edge a circumferential flange adapted to reciprocate in said outer portion and said cap having openings formed through it to provide communication between'said annular space and the interior of the inner piston member.

2. In an internal combustion engine the combination of a cylinder comprising upper andv lower chambers, the latter consisting ofan inner portion disposed in aline ment with, and having substantially the same diameter as, the upper chamber, an

outer annular portion encircling the inner portion, and an annular partition separating said outer and mner portions, a piston arranged to reciprocate in the upper chamber and in the inner portion of the lower chamber, and consisting of spaced outer and inner tubular compressing members disposed on opposite sides of said partition, and a cap to which both members are fastened at their upper edges; the outer member having openings providing communication between the outer portion of said lower chamber and the annular space between the'outerand inner piston members, and also having at its lower edge a circumferential flange adapted to reciprocate in said outer portion of said lower chamber, and said cap having openings formed through it to provid communication between said annular space and the interior of the inner' piston member, said upper chamber having inlet and outlet ports; an inlet for the fuel leading to the said outer portion of the lower chamber; and a vertical passage for the fuel'connecting said fuel inlet and said inlet port and in which the fuel is adapted to be subjected to apartial compression by said flange prior to entering said upper chamber, through said inlet port.

3. In an internal combustion engine, the combination of a cylinder; a piston working therein; an annular chamber encircling said cylinder; a pip connection leading from said chamber to that portion of the cylinder wherein explosion takes place; a normally-closed valve in said pipe for controlling communication through said pipe; means for supplying fresh air to said chamber; and a member connected to said piston and arranged to work in said chamber to draw the air thereinto and compress it therein; said valve being arranged to open just after explosion, to admit the compressed air into the said explosion portion of the cylinder to scavenge the same.

4:. In an internal combustion engine, the combination of a cylinder; a piston working therein; means for supplyin 'v fresh air to the cylinder; means for subjecting the air to a compressing action in said cylinder; and means for subsequently supplying a portion of the compressed air to the interior of the piston to cool the same and the re mainder thereof to the portion of the cylinder wherein explosion takesplace, to soavenge said portion.

5. In an internal combustion engine, the combination of a cylinder; a piston working therein; an annular chamber encircling said cylinder and communicating with that portion of the latter wherein explosion takes place; a valve for controlling said communication; means for supplying fresh air to said chamber; a member connected to said piston and arranged to work in said chamber to draw the air thereinto and compress it therein; means for supplying a portion of the compressed air to the interior of the piston to cool the same; and means for opening said valve just after explosion, to admit the remainder of the compressed air into the said explosion portion of the cylinder to scavenge said portion.

6. In an internal combustion engine, the combination of a cylinder comprising upper and lower chambers, the latter consisting of an inner portion disposed in alinement with, and having substantially the same diameter as, the upper chamber, an outer annular portion encircling the inner portion, and an annular partition separating said outer and inner portions; a piston arranged to reciprocate in the upper chamber and in the inner portion of the lower chamber, and consisting of spaced outer and inner members disposed on opposite sides of said partition, and a cap to which both members are fastened at their upper edges, the outer member being provided at its lower edge with a circumferential flange adapted to reciprocate in the outer portion of said lower chamber: means for supplying fresh air to the said outer portion of said lower chamber above said flange tobe compressed by the latter during the up-stroke of the piston; and means for subsequently admitting the compressed air to the interior of the piston to cool the same.

7. In an internal combustion engine, the

' combination of a cylinder comprising upper and lower chambers, the latter consisting of an inner portion disposed in alinement with, and having substantially the same diameter as, the upper chamber, an outer annular portion encircling the inner portion, and an annular partition separating said outer and inner portions; a piston arranged to reciprocate in the upper chamber and in the inner portion of the lower chamber, and consisting of spaced outer and inner members disposed on opposite sides of said partition, and a cap, to which both members are fastened at their upper edges, the outer member being provided at its lower edge with a circumferential flange adapted to reciprocate in the outer portion of said lower chamber; means for supplying fresh air to the said outer portion of said lower chamber above said flange to be compressed by the latter during the up-stroke of the piston; a conduit connecting said outer cylinder portion to the upper chamber wherein explosion takes place; a valve for controlling the passage of the compressed air through said conduit; and means for opening said valve just after explosion, to admit the compressed air into the said upper chamber to scavenge it.

8. In an internal combustion engine, the combination of a cylinder comprising upper and lower chambers, the latter consisting of an inner portion disposed in alinement with, and having substantially the same diameter as, the upper chamber, an outer annular portion encircling the inner portion, and an annular partition separating said outer and inner portions; a piston arranged to reciprocate in the upper chamber and in the inner portion of the lower chamber, and consisting of spaced outer and inner members disposed on opposite sides of said partition, and-a cap, to which both members are fastened at their upper edges, the outer member being provided at its lower edge with a circumferential flange adapted to reciprocate in the outer portion of said lower chamber; means for supplying fresh air to the said outer portion of said lower chamber above said flange to be compressed by the latter during the up-stroke of the piston; a conduit connecting said outer cylinder portion to the upper chamber wherein explosion takes place; a valve for controlling the passage of the compressed air through said conduit; means for admitting a portion of the compressed air to the interior of the piston to cool the same; and means-for opening said Valve just after explosion, to admit the remainder of the compressed air into the said upper chamber to scavenge it.

In testimony whereof I aflix my signature.

JOSE RAMON DE ABURTO.

Witnesses:

JOA UIM LoPEN, ANTONIO Mmo.