Classifications

• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
  • C07D495/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing in the condensed system at least one hetero ring having sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms
  • C07D495/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing in the condensed system at least one hetero ring having sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms in which the condensed system contains two hetero rings
  • C07D495/04—Ortho-condensed systems
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
  • C07D333/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings having one sulfur atom as the only ring hetero atom
  • C07D333/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings having one sulfur atom as the only ring hetero atom not condensed with other rings
  • C07D333/04—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings having one sulfur atom as the only ring hetero atom not condensed with other rings not substituted on the ring sulphur atom
  • C07D333/26—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings having one sulfur atom as the only ring hetero atom not condensed with other rings not substituted on the ring sulphur atom with hetero atoms or with carbon atoms having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most one bond to halogen, e.g. ester or nitrile radicals, directly attached to ring carbon atoms
  • C07D333/30—Hetero atoms other than halogen
  • C07D333/32—Oxygen atoms
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
  • C07D333/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings having one sulfur atom as the only ring hetero atom
  • C07D333/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings having one sulfur atom as the only ring hetero atom not condensed with other rings
  • C07D333/04—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings having one sulfur atom as the only ring hetero atom not condensed with other rings not substituted on the ring sulphur atom
  • C07D333/26—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings having one sulfur atom as the only ring hetero atom not condensed with other rings not substituted on the ring sulphur atom with hetero atoms or with carbon atoms having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most one bond to halogen, e.g. ester or nitrile radicals, directly attached to ring carbon atoms
  • C07D333/38—Carbon atoms having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most one bond to halogen, e.g. ester or nitrile radicals
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
  • C07D403/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for by group C07D401/00
  • C07D403/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for by group C07D401/00 containing two hetero rings
  • C07D403/04—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for by group C07D401/00 containing two hetero rings directly linked by a ring-member-to-ring-member bond

Definitions

• the invention relates to improved methods of preparing dihydrothienopyrimidines and intermediate compounds used therein.
• Dihydrothienopyrimidines are known to have therapeutic activity that may make them suitable for treating various diseases or symptoms thereof.
• U.S. Pat. No. 3,318,881 and BE 663693 disclose the preparation of dihydrothieno[3,2-d]pyrimidines which have cardiovascular and sedative properties.
• U.S. publication no. 2008/0096882A1 hereby incorporated by reference, discloses dihydrothienopyrimidines that are suitable for the treatment of respiratory or gastrointestinal complaints or diseases, inflammatory diseases of the joints, skin or eyes, diseases of the peripheral or central nervous system or cancers.
• the invention discussed herein solves the problem of regioselectivity, and eliminates (a) purification of intermediates, (b) use of microwave irradiation in reaction steps and (c) highly exothermic reactions, in preparing dihydrothienopyrimidines.
• the present invention reduces the number of synthetic steps to prepare dihydrothienopyrimidine compounds of formula 1:
• this invention relates to a method to prepare the compound of formula 1, wherein
• this invention relates to a method to prepare the compound of formula 1, wherein
• this invention relates to a method to prepare the compound of formula 1, wherein
• this invention relates to a method to prepare the compound of formula 1, wherein
• the invention relates to a method to prepare the compound of formula 1, wherein
• the invention relates to a method to prepare the compound of formula 1, wherein
• the invention relates to a method to prepare the compound of formula 1, wherein
• the invention relates to a method to prepare the compound of formula 1, wherein
• the method according to this invention relates to preparing dihydrothienopyrimidine compounds of formula 1:
• the present invention relates to a method of preparing dihydrothieno-pyrimidine compounds of formula 1:
• the halogenating step (a) is carried out in the presence of POCl 3 , SOCl 2 , SO 2 Cl 2 , (COCl) 2 , PCl 5 , POCl 3 /PCl 5 , Cl 2 NCS in a solvent.
• the solvent is acetonitrile, methylene chloride, toluene or chloroform.
• the oxidation steps (b) or (c) in the above-defined methods are carried out in the presence of a chiral ligand/metal, stoichiometric oxidant and a solvent.
• the solvent is toluene, methylene chloride, chloroform, acetonitrile
• the reacting steps (c) or (b) in the above-defined methods are carried out in the presence of a base and a solvent.
• the base is preferably selected from the group consisting of: amines, NaOH, NaH, t-BuONa, t-BuOK, DBU, KN(TMS) 2 , NaN(TMS) 2 , LiN(TMS) 2 , and LDA and the solvent is preferably selected from the group consisting of: THF, diglyme, DMSO, NMP, DMAc, acetonitrile and water.
• the invention further relates to intermediates of formula 4:
• R 3 is as defined herein, and with the proviso that R 4 and R 5 cannot both be H.
• the invention further relates to intermediates of formula 4:
• R 3 is as defined herein, and with the proviso that R 4 and R 5 are not H.
• the invention also relates to the method of preparing intermediates of formula 4, comprising the step of reacting an intermediate of formula 5:
• Another aspect of the invention relates to a method for preparing intermediates of formula 4, comprising the step of reacting an intermediate of formula 5:
• the base is an alkoxide base or sodium hydride in combination with a solvent, wherein the alkoxide base is preferably t-BuOK, t-BuONa, NaOMe, NaOEt, n-BuLi or t-BuLi and the sodium hydride is in combination with MeOH, NaOH, i-PrOH or t-BuOH.
• R 4 and R 5 are independently H or methyl. In another preferred embodiment, R a is methyl. More preferably, R 4 and R 5 are H and R a is methyl.
• the present invention relates to a practical regioselective synthesis of 3-oxo-tetrahydrothiophene-2-carboxylic acid esters without the formation of undesired regioisomers such as a3 in Equation 1.
• the invention relates to a method of preparing intermediates of formula 6,
• the thioester and ⁇ , ⁇ -unsaturated ester of the formulas HS—CH 2 —CO 2 R a and CHR 5 ⁇ CR 4 —CO 2 R a , respectively, may be reacted under conditions known in the art, e.g., with piperidine, to obtain an intermediate of formula 7.
• the reacting step (a) above is performed in the presence of a base and the cyclization step (b) is performed in the presence of TiCl 4 , TiCl 2 (OiPr) 2 , TiCl(OiPr) 3 , TiCl 3 (OiPr) or chiral variants thereof, and in the presence of an amine base, such as diisopropyethylamine or triethylamine.
• the chiral variant is BINOL, a substituted BINOL, chiral diols, BINAP, DuPhos, Taddols or tartrates.
• the cyclization step (b) above is performed in the presence of SnX 4 , CuX 2 or NiX 2 , wherein X is Cl, Br or OTf, and optionally in the presence of a base.
• the solvent may be an alcoholic or non-alcoholic solvent, preferably a non-alcoholic solvent.
• the cyclization step (b) may be carried out at a temperature between 0° C. and ⁇ 78° C.
• the compound prepared by the above disclosed methods are:
• substituents are independent of one another. If for example there might be a plurality of C 1-6 -alkyl groups as substituents in one group, in the case of three substituents C 1-6 -alkyl, one may represent methyl, one n-propyl and one tert-butyl.
• substituents may also be represented in the form of a structural formula.
• An asterisk (*) in the structural formula of the substituent is to be understood as being the linking point to the rest of the molecule.
• the atom of the substituent which follows the linking point is referred to as the atom in position number 1.
• the groups N-piperidinyl (I), 4-piperidinyl (II), 2-tolyl (III), 3-tolyl (IV) and 4-tolyl (V) are shown as follows:
• each hydrogen atom may be removed at the substituent of each hydrogen atom and the valency thus freed may serve as a binding site to the rest of a molecule.
• VI may represent 2-tolyl, 3-tolyl, 4-tolyl and benzyl.
• C 1-10 -alkyl (including those which are part of other groups) are meant branched and unbranched alkyl groups with 1 to 10 carbon atoms
• C 1-6 -alkyl are meant accordingly branched and unbranched alkyl groups with 1 to 6 carbon atoms
• C 1-4 -alkyl accordingly denotes branched and unbranched alkyl groups with 1 to 4 carbon atoms. Alkyl groups with 1 to 4 carbon atoms are preferred.
• Examples include: methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, iso-propyl, n-butyl, iso-butyl, sec-butyl, tert-butyl, n-pentyl, iso-pentyl, neo-pentyl or hexyl.
• the abbreviations Me, Et, n-Pr, i-Pr, n-Bu, i-Bu, t-Bu, etc. may also be used for the above-mentioned groups.
• the definitions propyl, butyl, pentyl and hexyl include all the possible isomeric forms of the groups in question.
• propyl includes n-propyl and iso-propyl
• butyl includes iso-butyl, sec-butyl and tert-butyl etc.
• C 1-6 -alkylene (including those which are part of other groups) are meant branched and unbranched alkylene groups with 1 to 6 carbon atoms and by the term “C 1-4 -alkylene” are meant branched and unbranched alkylene groups with 1 to 4 carbon atoms.
• Alkylene groups with 1 to 4 carbon atoms are preferred. Examples include: methylene, ethylene, propylene, 1-methylethylene, butylene, 1-methylpropylene, 1,1-dimethylethylene, 1,2-dimethylethylene, pentylene, 1,1-dimethylpropylene, 2,2-dimethylpropylene, 1,2-dimethylpropylene, 1,3-dimethylpropylene or hexylene.
• propylene, butylene, pentylene and hexylene include all the possible isomeric forms of the groups in question with the same number of carbons.
• propyl also includes 1-methylethylene and butylene includes 1-methylpropylene, 1,1-dimethylethylene, 1,2-dimethylethylene.
• carbon chain is to be substituted by a group which together with one or two carbon atoms of the alkylene chain forms a carbocyclic ring with 3, 5 or 6 carbon atoms, this includes, inter alia, the following examples of the rings:
• C 2-6 -alkenyl (including those which are part of other groups) are meant branched and unbranched alkenyl groups with 2 to 6 carbon atoms and by the term “C 2-4 -alkenyl” are meant branched and unbranched alkenyl groups with 2 to 4 carbon atoms, provided that they have at least one double bond.
• Alkenyl groups with 2 to 4 carbon atoms are preferred. Examples include: ethenyl or vinyl, propenyl, butenyl, pentenyl, or hexenyl. Unless stated otherwise, the definitions propenyl, butenyl, pentenyl and hexenyl include all the possible isomeric forms of the groups in question. Thus, for example, propenyl includes 1-propenyl and 2-propenyl, butenyl includes 1-, 2- and 3-butenyl, 1-methyl-1-propenyl, 1-methyl-2-propenyl etc.
• C 2-6 -alkenylene (including those which are part of other groups) are meant branched and unbranched alkenylene groups with 2 to 6 carbon atoms and by the term “C 2-4 -alkenylene” are meant branched and unbranched alkylene groups with 2 to 4 carbon atoms. Alkenylene groups with 2 to 4 carbon atoms are preferred.
• Examples include: ethenylene, propenylene, 1-methylethenylene, butenylene, 1-methylpropenylene, 1,1-dimethylethenylene, 1,2-dimethylethenylene, pentenylene, 1,1-dimethylpropenylene, 2,2-dimethylpropenylene, 1,2-dimethylpropenylene, 1,3-dimethylpropenylene or hexenylene.
• the definitions propenylene, butenylene, pentenylene and hexenylene include all the possible isomeric forms of the groups in question with the same number of carbons.
• propenyl also includes 1-methylethenylene and butenylene includes 1-methylpropenylene, 1,1-dimethylethenylene, 1,2-dimethylethenylene.
• C 2-6 -alkynyl (including those which are part of other groups) are meant branched and unbranched alkynyl groups with 2 to 6 carbon atoms and by the term “C 2-4 -alkynyl” are meant branched and unbranched alkynyl groups with 2 to 4 carbon atoms, provided that they have at least one triple bond.
• Alkynyl groups with 2 to 4 carbon atoms are preferred. Examples include: ethynyl, propynyl, butynyl, pentynyl or hexynyl.
• propynyl, butynyl, pentynyl and hexynyl include all the possible isomeric forms of the groups in question.
• propynyl includes 1-propynyl and 2-propynyl
• butynyl includes 1,2- and 3-butynyl, 1-methyl-1-propynyl, 1-methyl-2-propynyl etc.
• C 2-6 -alkynylene (including those which are part of other groups) are meant branched and unbranched alkynylene groups with 2 to 6 carbon atoms and by the term “C 2-4 -alkynylene” are meant branched and unbranched alkylene groups with 2 to 4 carbon atoms. Alkynylene groups with 2 to 4 carbon atoms are preferred.
• Examples include: ethynylene, propynylene, 1-methylethynylene, butynylene, 1-methylpropynylene, 1,1-dimethylethynylene, 1,2-dimethylethynylene, pentynylene, 1,1-dimethylpropynylene, 2,2-dimethylpropynylene, 1,2-dimethylpropynylene, 1,3-dimethylpropynylene or hexynylene.
• the definitions propynylene, butynylene, pentynylene and hexynylene include all the possible isomeric forms of the groups in question with the same number of carbons.
• propynyl also includes 1-methylethynylene and butynylene includes 1-methylpropynylene, 1,1-dimethylethynylene, 1,2-dimethylethynylene.
• aryl aromatic ring systems with 6 to 10 carbon atoms. Examples include: phenyl or naphthyl, the preferred aryl group being phenyl. Unless otherwise stated, the aromatic groups may be substituted by one or more groups selected from among methyl, ethyl, iso-propyl, tert-butyl, hydroxy, fluorine, chlorine, bromine and iodine.
• aryl-C 1-6 -alkylene (including those which are part of other groups) are meant branched and unbranched alkylene groups with 1 to 6 carbon atoms which are substituted by an aromatic ring system with 6 or 10 carbon atoms. Examples include: benzyl, 1- or 2-phenylethyl or 1- or 2-naphthylethyl. Unless otherwise stated, the aromatic groups may be substituted by one or more groups selected from among methyl, ethyl, iso-propyl, tert-butyl, hydroxy, fluorine, chlorine, bromine and iodine.
• heteroaryl-C 1-6 -alkylene (including those which are part of other groups) are meant—although already included under “aryl-C 1-6 -alkylene”—branched and unbranched alkylene groups with 1 to 6 carbon atoms, which are substituted by a heteroaryl.
• a heteroaryl of this kind includes five or six-membered heterocyclic aromatic groups or 5-10 membered, bicyclic heteroaryl rings which may contain one, two or three heteroatoms, selected from among oxygen, sulphur and nitrogen and sufficient conjugated double bonds to form an aromatic system.
• heteroaryls may be substituted by one or more groups selected from among methyl, ethyl, iso-propyl, tert-butyl, hydroxy, fluorine, chlorine, bromine and iodine.
• heteroaryl-C 1-6 -alkylenes The following are examples of the heteroaryl-C 1-6 -alkylenes:
• C 1-6 -haloalkyl (including those which are part of other groups) are meant branched and unbranched alkyl groups with 1 to 6 carbon atoms, which are substituted by one or more halogen atoms.
• C 1-4 -alkyl are meant branched and unbranched alkyl groups with 1 to 4 carbon atoms, which are substituted by one or more halogen atoms.
• Alkyl groups with 1 to 4 carbon atoms are preferred. Examples include: CF 3 , CHF 2 , CH 2 F, CH 2 CF 3 .
• C 3-7 -cycloalkyl (including those which are part of other groups) are meant cyclic alkyl groups with 3 to 7 carbon atoms. Examples include: cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl or cycloheptyl. Unless otherwise stated, the cyclic alkyl groups may be substituted by one or more groups selected from among methyl, ethyl, iso-propyl, tert-butyl, hydroxy, fluorine, chlorine, bromine and iodine.
• C 3-10 -cycloalkyl are meant, in addition, monocyclic alkyl groups with 3 to 7 carbon atoms and also bicyclic alkyl groups with 7 to 10 carbon atoms or also monocyclic alkyl groups which are bridged by at least one C 1-3 -carbon bridge.
• heterocyclic rings or also “heterocycles” are meant five-, six- or seven-membered, saturated or unsaturated heterocyclic rings which may contain one, two or three heteroatoms, selected from among oxygen, sulphur and nitrogen, while at the same time the ring may be linked to the molecule through a carbon atom or, if available, through a nitrogen atom.
• heterocyclic rings or “heterocycle”
• heterocyclic non-aromatic rings defines five-, six- or seven-membered unsaturated rings. Examples include:
• heterocyclic rings or “heterocycle”
• heterocyclic, aromatic rings or “heteroaryl” defines five- or six-membered heterocyclic aromatic groups or 5-10 membered, bicyclic heteroaryl rings which may contain one, two, three or four heteroatoms, selected from among oxygen, sulphur and nitrogen, and sufficient conjugated double bonds to form an aromatic system.
• heterocyclic ring may be provided with a keto group.
• keto group may be provided with a keto group.
• bicyclic cycloalkyls generally denotes eight-, nine- or ten-membered bicyclic carbon rings. The following are mentioned by way of example:
• bicyclic heterocycles generally denotes eight-, nine- or ten-membered bicyclic rings which may contain one or more heteroatoms, preferably 1-4, more preferably 1-3, still more preferably 1-2, particularly one heteroatom, selected from among oxygen, sulphur and nitrogen.
• the ring may be linked to the molecule through a carbon atom of the ring or, if available, through a nitrogen atom of the ring. The following are mentioned by way of example:
• bicyclic aryl is meant a 5-10 membered, bicyclic aryl ring which contains sufficient conjugated double bonds to form an aromatic system.
• aryl is naphthyl.
• heteroaryl a 5-10 membered, bicyclic heteroaryl ring which may contain one, two, three or four heteroatoms, selected from among oxygen, sulphur and nitrogen, and contains sufficient conjugated double bonds to form an aromatic system.
• bicyclic cycloalkyls or “bicyclic aryl”
• condensed cycloalkyl or “condensed aryl” defines bicyclic rings, wherein the bridge separating the rings denotes a direct single bond.
• condensed bicyclic cycloalkyl
• bicyclic heterocycles or “bicyclic heteroaryls”
• the term “condensed, bicyclic heterocycles” or “condensed, bicyclic heteroaryls” defines bicyclic 5-10 membered heterorings which contain one, two or three heteroatoms, selected from among oxygen, sulphur and nitrogen and wherein the bridge separating the rings denotes a direct single bond.
• the “condensed bicyclic heteroaryls” also contain sufficient conjugated double bonds to form an aromatic system.
• Examples include pyrrolizine, indole, indolizine, isoindole, indazole, purine, quinoline, isoquinoline, benzimidazole, benzofuran, benzopyran, benzothiazole, benzothiazole, benzoisothiazole, pyridopyrimidine, pteridine, pyrimidopyrimidine,
• heterocyclic Spiro rings 5-10 membered, spirocyclic rings which may optionally contain one, two or three heteroatoms, selected from among oxygen, sulphur and nitrogen, while at the same time the ring may be linked to the molecule through a carbon atom or if available through a nitrogen atom.
• a spirocyclic ring may be provided with an oxo, methyl or ethyl group. Examples of this include:
• Halogen or “halo” within the scope of the present invention denotes fluorine, chlorine, bromine or iodine. Unless stated to the contrary, fluorine, chlorine and bromine are regarded as preferred halogens.
• Compounds of general formula 1 prepared by the method of the present invention may have acid groups, chiefly carboxyl groups, and/or basic groups such as e.g. amino functions. Compounds of general formula 1 may therefore occur as internal salts, as salts with pharmaceutically useable inorganic acids such as hydrochloric acid, sulphuric acid, phosphoric acid, sulphonic acid or organic acids (such as for example maleic acid, fumaric acid, citric acid, tartaric acid or acetic acid) or as salts with pharmaceutically useable bases such as alkali or alklaline earth metal hydroxides or carbonates, zinc or ammonium hydroxides or organic amines such as e.g. diethylamine, triethylamine, triethanolamine inter alia.
• pharmaceutically useable inorganic acids such as hydrochloric acid, sulphuric acid, phosphoric acid, sulphonic acid or organic acids (such as for example maleic acid, fumaric acid, citric acid, tartaric acid or
• the compounds of formula 1 and equivalent expressions are meant to embrace compounds of formula 1, either individually, in some combination, or all of them, as the context permits.
• the compounds of formula 1 include the pharmaceutically acceptable salts, diastereomers, enantiomers, racemates, hydrates or solvates thereof.
• the compounds of formula 1 prepared by the method of the present invention may be converted into the salts thereof, particularly for pharmaceutical use, into the physiologically and pharmacologically acceptable salts thereof.
• These salts may on the one hand be in the form of the physiologically and pharmacologically acceptable acid addition salts of the compounds of formula 1 with inorganic or organic acids.
• R is hydrogen
• the compound of formula 1 prepared by the method of the present invention may also be converted by a further reaction with inorganic bases into physiologically and pharmacologically acceptable salts with alkali or alkaline earth metal cations as counter ion.
• the acid addition salts may be prepared for example using hydrochloric acid, hydrobromic acid, sulphuric acid, phosphoric acid, methanesulphonic acid, acetic acid, fumaric acid, succinic acid, lactic acid, citric acid, tartaric acid or maleic acid. It is also possible to use mixtures of the above-mentioned acids.
• the alkali and alkaline earth metal salts of the compound of formula 1 are preferably prepared using the alkali and alkaline earth metal hydroxides and hydrides thereof, of which the hydroxides and hydrides of the alkaline earth metals, particularly of sodium and potassium, are preferred and sodium and potassium hydroxide are particularly preferred.
• the compounds of the present invention are useful in both free base and salt form and in practice, the use of the salt form amounts to use of the base form.
• Lists of suitable salts are found in, e.g., S. M. Birge et al., J. Pharm. Sci., 1977, 66, 1-19, which is hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety.
• the compounds of general formula 1 prepared by the method of the present invention may be converted into the salts thereof, particularly, for pharmaceutical use, into the pharmacologically acceptable acid addition salts with an inorganic or organic acid.
• Suitable acids include for example succinic acid, hydrobromic acid, acetic acid, fumaric acid, maleic acid, methanesulphonic acid, lactic acid, phosphoric acid, hydrochloric acid, sulphuric acid, tartaric acid or citric acid. It is also possible to use mixtures of the above-mentioned acids.
• the invention relates to the compounds prepared by the method of the present invention, optionally in the form of the individual optical isomers, mixtures of the individual enantiomers or racemates, in the form of the tautomers as well as in the form of the free bases or the corresponding acid addition salts with pharmacologically acceptable acids—such as for example acid addition salts with hydrohalic acids—for example hydrochloric or hydrobromic acid or organic acids—such as for example oxalic, fumaric, diglycolic or methanesulphonic acid.
• enantiomers means a pair of stereoisomers that are non-superimposable mirror images of each other.
• racemic mixture or “racemate” mean a mixture containing equal parts of individual enantiomers.
• non-racemic mixture means a mixture containing unequal parts of individual enantiomers.
• the compounds prepared by the method of the present invention may optionally occur as racemates, but they may also be obtained as pure enantiomers, i.e. in the (R) or (S) form.
• the compounds prepared by the present method are those which occur as racemates or as the (S) form.
• the compounds prepared by the present method are the (R) form.
• the invention relates to the compounds prepared by the method of the present invention, optionally in the form of the individual optical isomers, mixtures of the individual enantiomers or racemates, in the form of the tautomers as well as in the form of the free bases or the corresponding acid addition salts with pharmacologically acceptable acids—such as for example acid addition salts with hydrohalic acids—for example hydrochloric or hydrobromic acid or organic acids—such as for example oxalic, fumaric, diglycolic or methanesulphonic acid.
• pharmacologically acceptable acids such as for example acid addition salts with hydrohalic acids—for example hydrochloric or hydrobromic acid or organic acids—such as for example oxalic, fumaric, diglycolic or methanesulphonic acid.
• solvate means a physical association of a compound with one or more solvent molecules or a complex of variable stoichiometry formed by a solute (for example, a compound of formula 1) and a solvent, for example, water, ethanol, or acetic acid.
• a solute for example, a compound of formula 1
• a solvent for example, water, ethanol, or acetic acid.
• the solvate will be capable of isolation, for example, when one or more solvent molecules are incorporated in the crystal lattice of the crystalline solid.
• the solvents selected do not interfere with the biological activity of the solute.
• Solvates encompasses both solution-phase and isolatable solvates.
• Representative solvates include hydrates, ethanolates, methanolates, and the like.
• the present invention relates to synthetic steps to prepare dihydrothienopyrimidine compounds of formula 1:
• the invention preferably relates to the method of preparing compounds of formula 1, wherein:
• the invention preferably relates to the method of preparing compounds according to formula 1, wherein R A is
• the invention preferably also relates to the method of preparing compounds according to formula 1, wherein R 1 is H or methyl, as well as pharmacologically acceptable salts, diastereomers, enantiomers, racemates, hydrates or solvates thereof.
• the invention preferably also relates to the method of preparing compounds according to formula 1, wherein R 4 and R 5 are H or methyl, as well as pharmacologically acceptable salts, diastereomers, enantiomers, racemates, hydrates or solvates thereof.
• the invention preferably also relates to the method of preparing compounds according to formula 1, wherein R 4 and R 5 are H, as well as pharmacologically acceptable salts, diastereomers, enantiomers, racemates, hydrates or solvates thereof.
• the invention preferably also relates to the method of preparing compounds according to formula 1, wherein:
• the invention preferably also relates to the method of preparing compounds according to formula 1, wherein:
• the invention preferably also relates to the method of preparing compounds according to formula 1, wherein:
• the invention preferably also relates to the method of preparing compounds according to formula 1, wherein:
• the invention preferably also relates to the above method of preparing compounds according to formula 1, wherein:
• the invention preferably also relates to the above method of preparing compounds according to formula 1, wherein:
• the invention preferably also relates to the above method of preparing compounds according to formula 1, wherein:
• the invention preferably also relates to the above method of preparing compounds according to formula 1, wherein:
• the invention preferably also relates to the method of preparing compounds according to formula 1, wherein:
• the invention preferably also relates to the method of preparing compounds of formula 1, wherein:
• the invention preferably also relates to the method of preparing compounds of formula 1, wherein
• the invention preferably also relates to the method of preparing compounds of formula 1, wherein:
• the invention preferably also relates to the method of preparing compounds according to formula 1, wherein:
• the invention preferably also relates to the above method of preparing compounds according to formula 1, wherein:
• the invention preferably also relates to the method of preparing compounds according to formula 1, wherein:
• the invention preferably also relates to the method of preparing compounds according to formula 1, wherein:
• the invention preferably also relates to the method of preparing compounds according to formula 1, wherein:
• the invention preferably also relates to the above method of preparing compounds according to formula 1, wherein:
• the invention preferably also relates to the method of preparing compounds according to formula 1, wherein:
• the invention preferably also relates to the above method of preparing compounds according to formula 1, wherein R 4 and R 5 are H or methyl.
• this invention relates to a method to prepare the compound of formula 1, wherein
• this invention relates to a method to prepare the compound of formula 1, wherein
• this invention relates to a method to prepare the compound of formula 1, wherein
• this invention relates to a method to prepare the compound of formula 1, wherein
• the invention preferably also relates to the above method of preparing compounds according to formula 1, wherein:
• the invention preferably also relates to the above method of preparing compounds according to formula 1, wherein:
• the invention preferably also relates to the above method of preparing compounds according to formula 1, wherein:
• the present invention is directed to a method of preparing compounds of formula 1, dihydrothienopyrimidines, and intermediate compounds used in the synthesis of the same.
• the method of the present invention is particularly useful for the large-scale synthesis of dihydrothienopyrimidines because an intermediate compound of formula 6 (see Scheme 1) can be formed from a starting thioester and an ⁇ , ⁇ -unsaturated ester without the need for chromatographic purification in subsequent reaction steps.
• Another advantage of the method of the present invention is that the intermediate compound of formula 4 already has the substituted 4-phenylpiperazin-1-yl moiety at the 2-position, thus the 4-hydroxyl group can be converted to a halo group and then aminated to obtain the desired 4-substituted 2-(4-phenylpiperazin-1-yl)dihydrothienopyrimidine.
• the present method overcomes limitations in the prior art, which discloses the creation of a 2,4-dihalo-dihydrothienopyrimidine intermediate, that is then aminated with two different substituents.
• Scheme 1 illustrates the general method of synthesis of compounds of formula 1, wherein R A , R a , R 1 -R 5 , Z and X are as defined herein.
• Dialkyl 3-thiaadipate is formed by reacting the corresponding alkyl 2-thioethylester with an ⁇ , ⁇ -unsaturated alkyl ester in the presence of a base.
• the base is preferably an organic base and preferably only a catalytic amount is used.
• Preferable bases include tertiary and secondary amines, such as triethyl amine and piperidine, with piperidine being the most preferred.
• the dialkyl 3-thiaadipate can be cyclized to an alkyl 3-oxotetrahydrothiophene-2-carboxylate in the presence of an amine base and an organometallic catalyst or Lewis acid, such as TiCl 4 , (i-PrO) 2 TiCl 2 , (i-PrO) 3 TiCl and (i-PrO)TiCl 3 .
• an organometallic catalyst or Lewis acid such as TiCl 4 , (i-PrO) 2 TiCl 2 , (i-PrO) 3 TiCl and (i-PrO)TiCl 3 .
• a preferred Lewis acid is TiCl 3 (OiPr).
• chrial ligands such as BINOL, substituted BINOLs, chrial diols, BINAP, DuPhos, Taddols, and tartrates.
• Other possible reagents which are known to promote regioselective Dieckman condensations are compounds or Lewis acids of the following formulas: SnX 4 , CuX 2 and NiX 2 , wherein X is selected from Cl, Br and —OTf. This is not an exhaustive list, and a skilled artisan would be aware of other suitable organometallic catalysts. Suitable amine bases would be known to a skilled artisan.
• tertiary amine bases are preferable, for example, triethylamine and diisopropyl-ethylamine.
• a preferable solvent is dichloromethane. Other solvents can also be used, such as toluene, chloroform and CCl 4 . If an acid quench is used, acids such as, but not limited to, HCl or H 2 SO 4 may be used. Filtration through MgSO 4 can be omitted or replaced by a filtration through different media such as Na 2 SO 4 , celite, charcoal and so on. The temperature range of carrying out this reaction is between 0° C. to ⁇ 78° C. This method of preparing the intermediates of formula 6 ensures that the subsequent step or the entire synthesis may be performed without requiring any chromatographic purification.
• the alkyl 3-oxotetrahydrothiophene-2-carboxylate can be reacted with a guanidine intermediate to form the intermediate compound of formula 4.
• This reaction is performed in the presence of a base.
• a base is an organometallic base, such as t-BuOK, t-BuONa, NaOCH 3 , NaOEt, n-BuLi, t-BuLi, NaOH or NaH can be used in combination with other solvents (e.g., MeOH, i-PrOH, t-BuOH).
• the most preferred base is NaOCH 3 .
• organic amine bases such as pyridine, pyrrolidine, triethylamine, or DIPEA may also be used.
• organic solvents can be used in this reaction. A skilled artisan would know which would be suitable for this reaction, particularly in view of the chosen base. If NaOCH 3 is used as the base, it is preferable to use methanol as the solvent. This reaction is typically heated above room temperature, and more preferably the reaction is heat to about 60° C. or more, or in the case of methanol being the solvent, the reaction is preferably heated to reflux. If an acid quench is used, this may be carried out in acids such as HCl, H 2 SO 4 or AcOH. The cyclocondensation occurs with various salt forms of the guanidine and its free base.
• intermediate 4 can then be converted to intermediate 3.
• the hydroxyl group can converted to a sulfonyl or sulfonated leaving group, such as a tosylate, a mesylate, a besylate, a brosylate, a trifylate or a nosylate.
• Alcohols may be converted to the corresponding halide using many different reagents and reaction conditions, and a skilled artisan would be familiar with such, since the literature is replete with examples.
• One possibility is using a reagent of the formula POZ 3 , wherein Z is a halogen. Converting the hydroxyl group to a halide is the preferred method.
• halide is wherein Z is Cl.
• Preferred reagents for this reaction are POCl 3 , SOCl 2 , SO 2 Cl 2 , (COCl) 2 , PCl 5 , POCl 3 /PCl 5 , Cl 2 and NCS.
• Another possibility relates to attaching a leaving group to position of the hydroxyl group.
• Suitable leaving groups include F and non-halide leaving groups, include, but are not limited to, NO 2 and N2.
• Solvents may vary depending on the reagent chosen, but when using POCl 3 , an aprotic organic solvent is best, such as CH 3 CN, CH 2 Cl 2 , toluene, CHCl 3 and diethylether.
• CH 3 CN is used as the solvent.
• This reaction may be performed at room temperature, but it is preferable to heat the reaction to about 50° C. or greater, and more preferable to heat it to about 60° C. or more.
• a skilled artisan would know of reagents and conditions to convert a hydroxyl group to a sulfonyl leaving.
• tosylchloride can be used to form a tosylate.
• intermediate 3 can be aminated with a desired substituted amine (NR 1 R 2 ) under basic conditions to obtain a dihydrothienopyrimidine compound of formula 8.
• Suitable bases for this reaction include, but are not limited to, amines, NaH, t-BuONa, t-buOK, DBU, KN(TMS) 2 , NaN(TMS) 2 , LiN(TMS) 2 , and LDA.
• Other bases include i-Pr 2 NEt, Et 3 N, morpholine and pyridine.
• Preferred bases for this reaction are tertiary amino bases, such as triethylamine and diisopropylethylamine
• suitable solvents for this reaction e.g, THF, diglyme, DMSO, NMP, DMAc, acetonitrile and water.
• a preferable solvent is DMSO.
• This reaction can be performed at room temperature, but it is preferable to heat it to about 60° C. or more and more preferably to about 80° C.
• the dihydrothienopyrimidine compound of formula 8 can be oxidized. Oxidation of sulfides can be accomplished using many different reagents and conditions and a skilled artisan would know such, since the literature is replete with examples. Also, a skilled artisan would know of chiral catalysts that could be used in the oxidation reaction to achieve enantioselectivity. For example, the stereoselective oxidation may be carried out in the presence of a chiral ligand/metal or stoichiometric oxidant and a solvent.
• the chiral ligand/metal may be Ti/BINOL, substituted BINOL, WO 3 /chiral ligand, Davis oxaziridine, D-epoxone/oxone, Mn/Salen, Ti/hydrobenzoin variants, Ti/mandelic acid, TiDET, V(acac) 2 or Fe(acac) 3 /chiral ligand, whereas the stoichiometric oxidant may be cumene hydroperoxide, hydrogen peroxide, t-butyl hydroperoxide solution, MCPBA, peroxybenzoic acids, oxone or dioxiranes.
• Hydroperoxide solutions can be made in solvents, e.g., decane, nonane, toluene and water. Suitable solvents for this reaction include toluene, methylene chloride, chloroform, acetonitrile, THF or fluorobenzene, for example.
• solvents e.g., decane, nonane, toluene and water.
• Suitable solvents for this reaction include toluene, methylene chloride, chloroform, acetonitrile, THF or fluorobenzene, for example.
• the oxidation is performed using t-butylhydroperoxide, and more preferably the oxidation is performed using t-butylhydroperoxide, Ti(i-PrO) 4 and (S)-hydrobenzoin to obtain the R-enantiomer in high excess.
• intermediate 3 can be oxidized, as described above, to obtain an intermediate compound of formula 2. Thereafter, the intermediate compound of formula 2 can be aminated with a substituted amine, as described above, to obtain the desired compound of formula 1.
• Scheme 2 illustrates the practical and regioselective synthesis of 3-oxo-tetrahydrothiophene-2-carboxylic acid esters.
• a Lewis acid catalyst e.g., Ti(O i Pr)Cl 3
• a base like NaOMe, NaH, R 3 N, etc.
• This regioselective formation eliminates the need for a labor intensive chromatographic separation, and increases the overall yield of the desired isomer 6. Additionally, elimination of basic conditions during the reaction and workup prevent downstream product decomposition.
• Ti(O i Pr)Cl 3 is particularly useful for avoiding formation of chlorinated and elimination products that arise when other Lewis acids like TiCl 4 are used.
• the white solid is filtered, rinsed with water (2 ⁇ 10 mL) and dried under reduced pressure at 50° C., which yields 11.88 g of 4-(4-chloro-phyenyl)-piperazine-1-carboxamide as a white solid.
• the cloudy filtrate is further concentrated and a second recovery of product is precipitated and dried to afford 5.13 g of 4-(4-chloro-phyenyl)-piperazine-1-carboxamide (99% overall yield).
• dihydrothienopyrimidine compounds that can be prepared analogously to the methods of synthesis described herein are found in U.S. publication no. 2008/0096882A1, which is incorporated by reference in its entirety. These compounds are suitable as PDE4-inhibitors and have IC 50 values of less than or equal to 1 ⁇ mol.

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