US858703A - Shearing-machine. - Google Patents

Description

PATENTED JULY 2, 1907.

A. M. CASTLE.

SHEARING MACHINE. APPLIIOATION nun JAN. 29. 1906.

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No. 858,703, PATENTED JULY 2, 1907.

A. M. CASTLE.

SHBARING MACHINE.

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No. 858,703. 4 'PATENTBD JULY 2, 1907.

' M. CASTLE. SHEARING MAGHINB.

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ALFRED M. GASTLE, OF CHICAGO, ILLINOIS.

SHEARING-MACHINE.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented July 2, 1907.

Application filed January 29 1906. $erial No. 298,513.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, ALFRED M. CASTLE, a citizen of the United States, residing at Chicago, Illinois, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Shearing-Machines, of which the following is a specification.

My invention is designed to provide an improved machine adapted to the shearing of all structural steel or iron, regardless of the section, size, or thickness of the material to be sheared.

It is a further object of my invention to provide an improved machine in which structural material of any section or size may be sheared by the single continu-' ous movement of the shearing blade toward and through the material, or of the material toward the blade.

A further object of my invention is to provide an improved shearing machine in which the work is performed by a true shear cut as distinguished from a punching or rupturing action.

A further object of my invention is to so construct a shearing machine as to adapt it for operation on various sections, and also to adapt it to perform a variety of operations upon like or different sections, for example, slitting, coping, mitering and the like, as well as the severing of the material.

In carrying out my invention I preferably employ a blade whose cutting edge is presented to the material at an angle to the surfaces to be cut, slit, or mitered,

. so as to produce a shearing cut, and I prefer to mount the shearing blade movably and above the material to be cut, and to employ as a power means a hydraulic ram. I also provide a main shear-block which is adapted to receive the material of the greatest width to which the shear-blade is adapted, and in connection with the main shear-block I employ various forms of supplemental or auxiliary blocks whereby to support the various widths and shapes of material to be operated upon. The main shear-block 1 construct of two members separated facewise to provide for the passage of the shear-blade and to afford suitable clearance beneath its cutting edge, and these complemental shearblock members are so spaced as to afford, on opposite sides of the blade, shearing abutments so that the blade in its action shears the material against these abutments. I also preferably provide means for shifting the shear-blocks and blade at an angle to the principal length of the material for the purpose of beveled or miter cutting or I may so adapt the holders for the material that the latter may be placed in angular relation to the shear-blade for the same purpose.

A preferred embodiment of my invention with its several accessories are illustrated in the accompanying drawings which, it will be understood, are representative only, and that other variations in structural detail and arrangement are contemplated as being within the scope of my invention and of the claims hereinafter made. In the drawings I have only indicated so much of the hydraulic press as is necessary to show the rela tions of my shear mechanism thereto.

In the drawings: Figure 1 is a view showing the ram casing, the shearblade-head, shear-blade, a main shearblock section and its face plate and the platen in elevation; and an I-beam in section on the line of cut, the

supplemental or auxiliary shear-blocks supporting theweb of the beam being shown in position and the key ways being indicated in dotted lines. Fig. 2 is a side elevation of the main shear-block showing the I-beam in cross-section. Figs. 3 and 4 are respectively a top plan view and an end elevation. of the main shear-block particularly intended to show the means for clamping them together. Fig. 5 is an elevation partly in section showing the ram casing and ram and an I-beam of less width than the main shear-block recess held in position by supplemental shear blocks. Fig. 6 is central transverse section through the shear-block and a longitudinal section of the I-beam. Fig. 7 is a detail view showing a clamping bolt for the supplemental shear-block.

Figs. 8 to 12 inclusive are views showing the applica-' tion of my improvements to the cutting of materials of various sectional forms. Fig. 13 is a plan view showing the means for confining the supplemental shearblocks. Figs. 14 and 15 show the adaptation of the improvements to the shearing of beams at an angle, the beam being shown arranged angularly to the shear blade and, Figs. 16 and 17 show means for turning the shear block and blade so as to cut at an angle.

In the drawings I have indicated the ram at 25, and the casing thereof at 26.

27 represents the head-block for the shear-blade 2S.

. The head=block is mounted for reciprocation with the shear-blade between the vertical column guides 29.

30 represents the bed-plate or platen'of the hydraulic press; and 31 and 32 represent the sections of the main r shear-block. These sections are of similar form and are provided with depending lugs, 31 and 32 to en1- brace the sides of the platen. The upper faces ofthese shear-block sections are deeply recessed or cut away so as to accommodate the widest material to be operated upon. Each of the shear-block sections, 31, 32, is provided at its outer end with lugs, 33, into which are thread ed thetie-bolts, 34, these latter having right and left threads on their opposite ends and adapted to be turned for rigidly but adjustably connecting the sections so as to prevent their separation. Each one of the shear-block sections is provided with a shear or faceplate, 35, which may be made sectional if desired, and secured to the vertical inner edges of the shear-blocks by means of machine screws as at 36. The shear-block section is preferably recessed to receive the plate as shown in Fig. 7, and the bottom of this recess may be downwardly inclined and the lower edge of the plate correspondingly shaped, as indicated in said figure.

These faceplates are thus made easily renewable, and may be dressed to preserve the slight shear bevel required, and the sections of these face-plates may be so made as to be readily reversible and interchangeable. It will be understood that these shear-plates are not necessarily employed and further, that they are not brought into use except with certain structural shapes; as, for example, in shearing a channel the lower members of these shear-plates afford the support and bearing for the web of the channel, and as in shearing an I- beam of such width as to fill the recess of the shearbloek the side members or sections of these shear-plates are availed of for supportingthe heads or flanges of the beams. In the other illustrations these face-plates have no shearing function. It will be readily perceived that in using this machine for shearing sections of less width than the width of the main shear-block recess it becomes necessary to support the material in proper position relative to the knife, and that in shearing various sections it becomes necessary to support portions of the material against the shearing action of the knife. For these purposes I employ a series of auxiliary or supplemental shear-blocks or filler pieces 42, 42, 42, 42 and 42 of such shapes and so disposed as to support the material operated upon and afford not only a firm abutment or support for the metal being sheared, but also of such form as to present suitable shear-surfaces to work in conjunction with the blade. Obviously'these supplemental shear-blocks or filler-pieces should have a suitably rigid connection with the main shear-block, and for this purpose I prefer to form in the faces in the recess of the main shear-block suitable dovetailed grooves, as seen at 37, and to provide each of the supplemental shear-blocks or filler-pieces with dovetailed ribs or keys, 38, adapted to the grooves. And to'afford suitable'backing for the supplemental fillerpieces or shear-blocks, and prevent longitudinal displacement of these blocks in their key-ways I employ the back plates or bars 39, and inter-pose wedges, 40, so as to procure the proper alinement of the filler-pieces with the line of cut. I may employ binding-bolts, 41, having heads adapted to the grooves instead of the keys, as shown in Fig. 7. The back-plates may be cut out to accommodate the portion of the beam being operated upon, as for example, to receive the flanges of an I- beam, as shown in Fig. 2. These supplemental shear or filler-blocks may be of the same general construction so far as the mode of attachment to the main shear-block is concerned, and they will be adapted to the various shapes as shown in the drawings, as for example, channels, Z-bars, angles, TS, and the like.

In some special instances it may be necessary, as for example, in connection with T-bars or Z-bars of small section, to employ the additional filler-blocks, as indicated at 42, to support the flanges thereof. It is desirable always to support the material under the point of the knife so as to effect a shear cut, and therefore these supplemental shear-blocks will be disposed on either side of the section where necessary to be used so as to secure this central position of the beam, bar, or other section under treatment.

I have shown my improvements applied to the shearing of beams of various sectional forms but in each instance it will be seen that the blade operates by a shear cut. This is due to the shape of the blade, which it will be observed has its cutting edges inclined upwardly from its apex, and to the employment of the supplemental shear blocks, whereby the beam may always be so proportioned as to cause the cutting to be effected by one or both of the inclined edges of the shear blade. While I have shown a blade having two inclined cutting edges it will be understood that in some instances only one of these edges will be used and it will also be understood that other forms of blade may be employed.

In some instances, for example in cutting a wide I-beam the shearing of the heads is effected against the side faces of the vertical sections of the shear plates; while in shearing channels, as shown in Figs. S and E) the bottom or horizontal sections of the shear plates afford the shearing abutments for the webs ol the beams while the flanges are out of contact with the sides of the main shear-block sections and are sheared against the edges of the supplemental shear blocks. in the operations represented in Figs. 10, Ill and 12 all the shearing is done against. the abutments afforded by the supplemental shear blocks.

It will be observed that the main shear hloel; sections are separated to provide a passage for the blade and that the sruaplemental shear blocks are so arranged as to leave this unobstructed passage and yet afford lateral shearing abutmcnts. From this fact taken in connection with the shape of the blade and the positioning of the beam it will be obvious that the notion of my machine is that of shear cutting as distinguished from a mere punching or rupturing. The metal will be severed by clean cuts along the shear faces of the blocks or abutments.

The result of my method of operation is that both ends of the beam are left without distortion thus enabling the severed members to be used without eh ipping or fitting thus effecting an economy both in time and in material. This action is intended to be indicated in the drawings by the strip of metal deflected by the edge of the blade as in Figs. 9 and 14.

In Figs. 14 and 15 I have shown a beam placed at an angle to the blade and the sides of the shear block thereby enabling the beam to be cut on a miter or bevel. This method is practicable here the situation of the machine and the length of the beam permits the latter to be thus placed. But in many situations this practice could not be followed and therefore I have shown provisions in Figs. 16 and 17 of the drawings for turning the blade and the main shear block to various angular positions. To this end the bed of the press is provided with a circular race way and the platen is mounted so as to turn on the balls 43, the shear blade turning therewith so as to sever a beam at the desired angle. Any equivalent turning provision may of course be employed.

While I have shown the shear-blade arranged for downward movement in action, it will be understood that the blade may be forced upwardly in its work, the positions of the bladeand shear-block being transposed, or the blade may be mounted siationarily and i the shear-block and material moved to effect the cutting. I employ preferably hydraulic power but other power may be substituted. ly varying the shape of the blade and the position of the material, the unu'hiue may be used for slitting, coping and the like.

l Ill l lit) The described and other variations may therefore be made without departing from the invention.

I claim:

1. In a metal shearing machine, the combination with a shear blade, a shear block comprising two opposed recessed sections having their adjacent faces separated to provide a working passage for the blade, supplemental shear blocks mounted within the recessed portions of said sections, back plates secured to said sections, and filling blocks interposed between said back plates and said supplemental shear blocks.

2. In a metal shearing machine, the combination with a shear blade, a shear block provided with a working opening for the blade and having grooves extending transversely from the working opening, supplemental shear blocks hav-- ing keys engaging the grooves on opposite sides of the Working slots in the shear block, adjustable means for locking the supplemental shear blocks to the shear block, and stops preventing longitudinal movement of said supplemental shear blocks.

3. In a metal shearing machine, the combination with a shearing blade, a shearing block comprising two opposed recessed sections having their adjacent faces separated to form a working passage for the blade and provided with key-ways in the side walls and bases of the recessed portions thereof extending from said Working passage, a supplemental shearing block mounted in the recessed portion of each of the sections of the shearing block and provided with keys engaging the key-ways in the base and one of the side walls thereof, and means for adjustably clamping said supplemental shearing blocks to said sections.

4. In a metal shearing machine, the combination with a shearing blade, a shearing block comprising two opposed recessed sections having their adjacent faces separated to form a working passage for the blade and provided with key-ways in the side walls and bases of the recessed portions thereof extending from said working passage, a snpplemental shearing block mounted in the recessed portion of each of the sections of the shearing block and provided with keys engaging the key-ways in the base and one of the side walls thereof, means for adjustably clamping said supplemental shearing blocks to the sections of the shearing block, back plates secured to the sections of the shear ing block, and filling blocks interposed between said back plates and the supplemental shearing blocks.

ALFRED M. CASTLE.

Witnesses:

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