US8570272B2 - Electrophoresis display panel - Google Patents

Electrophoresis display panel Download PDF

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Publication number
US8570272B2
US8570272B2 US12/753,081 US75308110A US8570272B2 US 8570272 B2 US8570272 B2 US 8570272B2 US 75308110 A US75308110 A US 75308110A US 8570272 B2 US8570272 B2 US 8570272B2
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Prior art keywords
pixels
sub
electrophoretic fluid
white
cups
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US20110102313A1 (en
Inventor
Ming-Che Hsieh
Chih-Wei Chu
Shih-Yu Wang
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AU Optronics Corp
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AU Optronics Corp
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G09—EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
    • G09G—ARRANGEMENTS OR CIRCUITS FOR CONTROL OF INDICATING DEVICES USING STATIC MEANS TO PRESENT VARIABLE INFORMATION
    • G09G3/00—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes
    • G09G3/20—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix no fixed position being assigned to or needed to be assigned to the individual characters or partial characters
    • G09G3/34—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix no fixed position being assigned to or needed to be assigned to the individual characters or partial characters by control of light from an independent source
    • G09G3/3433—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix no fixed position being assigned to or needed to be assigned to the individual characters or partial characters by control of light from an independent source using light modulating elements actuated by an electric field and being other than liquid crystal devices and electrochromic devices
    • G09G3/344—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix no fixed position being assigned to or needed to be assigned to the individual characters or partial characters by control of light from an independent source using light modulating elements actuated by an electric field and being other than liquid crystal devices and electrochromic devices based on particles moving in a fluid or in a gas, e.g. electrophoretic devices
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
    • G02F1/165—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on translational movement of particles in a fluid under the influence of an applied field
    • G02F1/166—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on translational movement of particles in a fluid under the influence of an applied field characterised by the electro-optical or magneto-optical effect
    • G02F1/167—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on translational movement of particles in a fluid under the influence of an applied field characterised by the electro-optical or magneto-optical effect by electrophoresis
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
    • G02F1/165—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on translational movement of particles in a fluid under the influence of an applied field
    • G02F1/1675—Constructional details
    • G02F1/1679—Gaskets; Spacers; Sealing of cells; Filling or closing of cells
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F2201/00—Constructional arrangements not provided for in groups G02F1/00 - G02F7/00
    • G02F2201/52—RGB geometrical arrangements
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G09—EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
    • G09G—ARRANGEMENTS OR CIRCUITS FOR CONTROL OF INDICATING DEVICES USING STATIC MEANS TO PRESENT VARIABLE INFORMATION
    • G09G2300/00—Aspects of the constitution of display devices
    • G09G2300/04—Structural and physical details of display devices
    • G09G2300/0439—Pixel structures
    • G09G2300/0452—Details of colour pixel setup, e.g. pixel composed of a red, a blue and two green components
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G09—EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
    • G09G—ARRANGEMENTS OR CIRCUITS FOR CONTROL OF INDICATING DEVICES USING STATIC MEANS TO PRESENT VARIABLE INFORMATION
    • G09G2340/00—Aspects of display data processing
    • G09G2340/06—Colour space transformation

Definitions

  • the invention relates to an electrophoresis display panel. More particularly, the invention relates to an electrophoresis display panel with three primary color sub-pixels and white sub-pixels.
  • a monochrome (black and white) e-book display requires sub-pixels mainly composed of a black electrophoretic fluid and electrically-charged white particles doped in the black electrophoretic fluid. By applying voltages, the electrically-charged white particles are moved, such that each pixel respectively displays black, white, or different gray levels.
  • a color e-book capable of displaying three primary colors, namely red, green, and blue red electrophoretic fluid, green electrophoretic fluid, and blue electrophoretic fluid respectively mixed with electrically-charged white particles are required to fill different micro-cups.
  • the electrophoretic fluids with different colors can be either formed in the micro-cups by ink jet printing (IJP) process or sealed in the micro-cups by performing photolithography and etching processes.
  • the invention is directed to an electrophoresis display panel and a manufacturing method thereof to resolve color mixing problems of electrophoretic fluids.
  • an electrophoresis display panel including a plurality of first sub-pixels, a plurality of second sub-pixels, a plurality of third sub-pixels, and a plurality of white sub-pixels.
  • the first sub-pixels, the second sub-pixels, and the third sub-pixels are suitable for irradiating different light of three primary colors, respectively, while the white sub-pixels are suitable for irradiating white light.
  • Each of the first sub-pixels does not adjoin the second sub-pixels and the third sub-pixels.
  • Each of the second sub-pixels does not adjoin the third sub-pixels.
  • Each of the first sub-pixels adjoins the white sub-pixels exclusively or adjoins the white sub-pixels and other first sub-pixels exclusively.
  • the first sub-pixels are red sub-pixels
  • the second sub-pixels are green sub-pixels
  • the third sub-pixels are blue sub-pixels.
  • each of the red sub-pixels includes a red electrophoretic fluid and electrically-charged white particles doped in the red electrophoretic fluid
  • each of the green sub-pixels includes a green electrophoretic fluid and electrically-charged white particles doped in the green electrophoretic fluid
  • each of the blue sub-pixels includes a blue electrophoretic fluid and electrically-charged white particles doped in the blue electrophoretic fluid
  • each of the white sub-pixels includes a black electrophoretic fluid and electrically-charged white particles doped in the black electrophoretic fluid.
  • each of the first sub-pixels adjoins the white sub-pixels exclusively, and each of the first sub-pixels, each of the second sub-pixels, each of the third sub-pixels, and each of the white sub-pixels are triangular sub-pixels.
  • three of the white sub-pixels, one of the first sub-pixels, one of the second sub-pixels, and one of the third sub-pixels together form a hexagonal sub-pixel group.
  • one of the white sub-pixels, one of the first sub-pixels adjoining the one of the white sub-pixels, one of the second sub-pixels adjoining the one of the white sub-pixels, and one of the third sub-pixels adjoining the one of the white sub-pixels together form a triangular pixel.
  • each of the first sub-pixels adjoins three of the white sub-pixels.
  • each of the first sub-pixels adjoins the white sub-pixels exclusively.
  • Each of the first sub-pixels, each of the second sub-pixels, each of the third sub-pixels, and each of the white sub-pixels are rectangular sub-pixels.
  • each of the first sub-pixels adjoins four of the white sub-pixels.
  • the first sub-pixels and parts of the white sub-pixels are arranged in columns
  • the second sub-pixels and parts of the white sub-pixels are arranged in columns
  • the third sub-pixels and parts of the white sub-pixels are arranged in columns.
  • the first sub-pixels and parts of the white sub-pixels are arranged in rows
  • the second sub-pixels and parts of the white sub-pixels are arranged in rows
  • the third sub-pixels and parts of the white sub-pixels are arranged in rows.
  • each of the first sub-pixels adjoins the white sub-pixels and other first sub-pixels exclusively, and each of the first sub-pixels adjoins two of the white sub-pixels and other two of the first sub-pixels.
  • the first sub-pixels are arranged in columns
  • the second sub-pixels are arranged in columns
  • the third sub-pixels are arranged in columns
  • the white sub-pixels are arranged in columns.
  • the first sub-pixels are arranged in rows
  • the second sub-pixels are arranged in rows
  • the third sub-pixels are arranged in rows
  • the white sub-pixels are arranged in rows.
  • a manufacturing method of an electrophoresis display panel is further provided.
  • a pixel defining layer is formed on a substrate, and the pixel defining layer includes a plurality of micro-cups.
  • a plurality of first sub-pixels, a plurality of second sub-pixels, and a plurality of third sub-pixels are formed in different parts of the micro-cups.
  • the first sub-pixels, the second sub-pixels, and the third sub-pixels are suitable for irradiating different light of three primary colors, respectively.
  • Each of the first sub-pixels does not adjoin the second sub-pixels and the third sub-pixels, and each of the second sub-pixels does not adjoin the third sub-pixels.
  • each of the first sub-pixels adjoins the white sub-pixels exclusively or adjoins the white sub-pixels and other first sub-pixels exclusively.
  • a method of forming the first sub-pixels, the second sub-pixels, and the third sub-pixels includes following steps. First, the parts of the micro-cups are filled with a red electrophoretic fluid and electrically-charged white particles doped in the red electrophoretic fluid, a green electrophoretic fluid and electrically-charged white particles doped in the green electrophoretic fluid, and a blue electrophoretic fluid and electrically-charged white particles doped in the blue electrophoretic fluid, respectively.
  • the red, the green, and the blue electrophoretic fluids are irradiated by ultraviolet light to form a first curing layer, and the first curing layer seals the red, the green, and the blue electrophoretic fluids into the parts of the micro-cups.
  • a method of forming the white sub-pixels includes following steps. First, the other parts of the micro-cups are filled with a black electrophoretic fluid and electrically-charged white particles doped in the black electrophoretic fluid. Next, the black electrophoretic fluid is irradiated by ultraviolet light to form a second curing layer, and the second curing layer seals the black electrophoretic fluid into the other parts of the micro-cups.
  • the first sub-pixels, the second sub-pixels, and the third sub-pixels are formed simultaneously.
  • each of the first sub-pixels adjoins the white sub-pixels exclusively or adjoins the white sub-pixels and other first sub-pixels exclusively in the invention, the color mixing problems of the electrophoretic fluids are not apt to arise in the electrophoresis display panel of the invention.
  • FIGS. 1 A and 1 A′ are schematic top views illustrating an electrophoresis display panel according to a first embodiment of the invention.
  • FIG. 1B is a schematic cross-sectional view taken along a section line A-A′ depicted in FIG. 1A .
  • FIGS. 2A to 2C are schematic views illustrating a manufacturing method of an electrophoresis display panel according to an embodiment of the invention.
  • FIGS. 3A and 3B are schematic top views illustrating an electrophoresis display panel according to a second embodiment of the invention.
  • FIGS. 4A and 4B are schematic top views illustrating an electrophoresis display panel according to a third embodiment of the invention.
  • FIGS. 1 A and 1 A′ are schematic top views illustrating an electrophoresis display panel according to a first embodiment of the invention.
  • FIG. 1B is a schematic cross-sectional view taken along a section line A-A′ depicted in FIG. 1A .
  • an electrophoresis display panel 100 includes a plurality of first sub-pixels 110 , a plurality of second sub-pixels 120 , a plurality of third sub-pixels 130 , and a plurality of white sub-pixels 140 .
  • the first sub-pixels 110 , the second sub-pixels 120 , and the third sub-pixels 130 are suitable for irradiating different light of three primary colors R, G, and B, respectively, while the white sub-pixels 140 are suitable for irradiating white light W.
  • Each of the first sub-pixels 110 does not adjoin the second sub-pixels 120 and the third sub-pixels 130 .
  • Each of the second sub-pixels 120 does not adjoin the third sub-pixels 130 .
  • Each of the first sub-pixels 110 adjoins the white sub-pixels 140 exclusively.
  • first sub-pixels 110 , the second sub-pixels 120 , and the third sub-pixels 130 are surrounded by the white sub-pixels 140 respectively. That is to say, the first sub-pixels 110 , the second sub-pixels 120 , and the third sub-pixels 130 are separated by the white sub-pixels 140 .
  • the first sub-pixels 110 are red sub-pixels
  • the second sub-pixels 120 are green sub-pixels
  • the third sub-pixels 130 are blue sub-pixels.
  • each of the red sub-pixels i.e. the first sub-pixels 110
  • each of the green sub-pixels includes a green electrophoretic fluid 122 and electrically-charged white particles 124 doped in the green electrophoretic fluid 122 .
  • Each of the blue sub-pixels i.e.
  • the third sub-pixels 130 includes a blue electrophoretic fluid 132 and electrically-charged white particles 134 doped in the blue electrophoretic fluid 132 .
  • Each of the white sub-pixels 140 includes a black electrophoretic fluid 142 and electrically-charged white particles 144 doped in the black electrophoretic fluid 142 .
  • each of the first sub-pixels 110 adjoins the white sub-pixels 140 exclusively.
  • the first sub-pixels 110 , the second sub-pixels 120 , the third sub-pixels 130 , and the white sub-pixels 140 are triangular sub-pixels.
  • the aforesaid triangular sub-pixels are equilateral triangular sub-pixels.
  • each of the first sub-pixels 110 , the second sub-pixels 120 , the third sub-pixels 130 , and the white sub-pixels 140 are all the triangular sub-pixels, each of the first sub-pixels 110 adjoins three of the white sub-pixels 140 , each of the second sub-pixels 120 adjoins three of the white sub-pixels 140 , and each of the third sub-pixels 130 adjoins three of the white sub-pixels 140 as well.
  • the adjoining one of the first sub-pixels 110 , one of the second sub-pixels 120 , one of the third sub-pixels 130 , and three of the white sub-pixels 140 together form a hexagonal sub-pixel group GP.
  • the adjoining one of the first sub-pixels 110 , one of the second sub-pixels 120 , one of the third sub-pixels 130 , and one of the white sub-pixels 140 together form a triangular pixel P.
  • the triangular pixel P is an equilateral triangular pixel, for instance.
  • FIGS. 2A to 2C Detailed descriptions with respect to a manufacturing method of the electrophoresis display panel are provided hereinafter along with FIGS. 2A to 2C .
  • FIGS. 2A to 2C are schematic views illustrating a manufacturing method of an electrophoresis display panel according to an embodiment of the invention.
  • a pixel defining layer 210 is first formed on a substrate 200 , and the pixel defining layer 210 includes a plurality of micro-cups 210 a .
  • the first sub-pixels 110 , the second sub-pixels 120 , and the third sub-pixel 130 are formed in parts of the micro-cups 210 a .
  • the first sub-pixels 110 , the second sub-pixels 120 , and the third sub-pixel 130 are formed by ink-jet printing (IJP), for example. Relative positions of the first sub-pixels 110 , the second sub-pixels 120 , and the third sub-pixels 130 are shown in FIG. 1A .
  • a method of forming the first sub-pixels 110 , the second sub-pixels 120 , and the third sub-pixels 130 exemplarily includes first filling a part of the micro-cups 210 a with the red electrophoretic fluid 112 and the electrically-charged white particles 114 doped in the red electrophoretic fluid 112 .
  • another part of the micro-cups 210 a is filled with the green electrophoretic fluid 122 and the electrically-charged white particles 124 doped in the green electrophoretic fluid 122 .
  • still another part of the micro-cups 210 a is filled with the blue electrophoretic fluid 132 and the electrically-charged white particles 134 doped in the blue electrophoretic fluid 132 .
  • Each of the first sub-pixels 110 does not adjoin the second sub-pixels 120 and the third sub-pixels 130
  • each of the second sub-pixels 120 does not adjoin the third sub-pixels 130 .
  • IJP causes misalignment or inaccurate consumption of the red, the green, and the blue electrophoretic fluids 112 , 122 , and 132
  • discoloration or the color mixing problems of the red, the green, and the blue electrophoretic fluids 112 , 122 , and 132 are rather unlikely to arise.
  • the overflow red, green, and blue electrophoretic fluids 112 , 122 , and 132 merely flow into the micro-cups 210 a to be filled with the black electrophoretic fluid 142 .
  • the order of forming the first sub-pixels 110 , the second sub-pixels 120 , and the third sub-pixels 130 is not limited in the invention. Based on the required order of forming the first, the second, and the third sub-pixels 110 , 120 , and 130 , one ordinary skill in the art is capable of correspondingly filling the micro-cups 210 a with the electrophoretic fluids having different colors. In an alternative embodiment, the first sub-pixels 110 , the second sub-pixels 120 , and the third sub-pixels 130 may be formed simultaneously.
  • the corresponding micro-cups 210 a are filled with the red, the green, and the blue electrophoretic fluids 112 , 122 , and 132 , respectively, and the red, the green, and the blue electrophoretic fluids 112 , 122 , and 132 are irradiated by ultraviolet light UV, such that a first curing layer 220 is formed on upper surfaces of the red, the green, and the blue electrophoretic fluids 112 , 122 , and 132 . It is known from FIG. 2B that the first curing layer 220 seals the red, the green, and the blue electrophoretic fluids 112 , 122 , and 132 into the parts of the micro-cups 210 a .
  • the red, the green, and the blue electrophoretic fluids 112 , 122 , and 132 contain light-weight ultraviolet curable materials.
  • the ultraviolet curable materials suspending on the upper surfaces of the red, the green, and the blue electrophoretic fluids 112 , 122 , and 132 are cured to form a refined first curing layer 220 .
  • a method of forming the white sub-pixels 140 exemplarily includes first filling the other part of the micro-cups 210 a with the black electrophoretic fluid 142 and the electrically-charged white particles 144 doped in the black electrophoretic fluid 142 .
  • the black electrophoretic fluid 142 is irradiated by ultraviolet light UV to form a second curing layer 230 . It is known from FIG.
  • the black electrophoretic fluid 142 contains light-weight ultraviolet curable materials.
  • the ultraviolet curable materials suspending on the upper surface of the black electrophoretic fluid 142 are cured to form a refined second curing layer 230 .
  • the overflow red, green, or blue electrophoretic fluid 112 , 122 , or 132 is blended into the black electrophoretic fluid 142 but does not have significant impact on display quality of the white sub-pixels 140 .
  • FIGS. 3A and 3B are schematic top views illustrating an electrophoresis display panel according to a second embodiment of the invention.
  • each of the first sub-pixels 110 adjoins the white sub-pixels 140 exclusively.
  • Each of the first sub-pixels 110 , each of the second sub-pixels 120 , each of the third sub-pixels 130 , and each of the white sub-pixels 140 are rectangular sub-pixels.
  • each of the first sub-pixels 110 adjoins four of the white sub-pixels 140 . It is known from FIGS. 3A and 3B that the first sub-pixels 110 , the second sub-pixels 120 , the third sub-pixels 130 , and the white sub-pixels 140 are square sub-pixels, for instance.
  • the first sub-pixels 110 and parts of the white sub-pixels 140 are arranged in columns
  • the second sub-pixels 120 and parts of the white sub-pixels 140 are arranged in columns
  • the third sub-pixels 130 and parts of the white sub-pixels 140 are arranged in columns.
  • the first sub-pixels 110 and parts of the white sub-pixels 140 are arranged in rows
  • the second sub-pixels 120 and parts of the white sub-pixels 140 are arranged in rows
  • the third sub-pixels 130 and parts of the white sub-pixels 140 are arranged in rows.
  • FIGS. 4A and 4B are schematic top views illustrating an electrophoresis display panel according to a third embodiment of the invention.
  • each of the first sub-pixels 110 adjoins the white sub-pixels 140 and other first sub-pixels 110 exclusively, and each of the first sub-pixels 110 adjoins two of the white sub-pixels 140 and other two of the first sub-pixels 110 .
  • the first sub-pixels 110 are arranged in columns
  • the second sub-pixels 120 are arranged in columns
  • the third sub-pixels 130 are arranged in columns
  • the white sub-pixels 140 are arranged in columns.
  • the first sub-pixels 110 are arranged in rows
  • the second sub-pixels 120 are arranged in rows
  • the third sub-pixels 130 are arranged in rows
  • the white sub-pixels 140 are arranged in rows.
  • the aforesaid arrangement of the sub-pixels is applicable to a flexible electrophoresis display panel and a non-flexible (rigid) electrophoresis display panel, which is not limited in the invention.
  • each of the first sub-pixels adjoins the white sub-pixels exclusively or adjoins the white sub-pixels and other first sub-pixels exclusively in the invention, discoloration or the color mixing problems of the electrophoretic fluids are not prone to arise in the electrophoresis display panel of the invention, thus accomplishing favorable display quality.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Nonlinear Science (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Optics & Photonics (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • Molecular Biology (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Computer Hardware Design (AREA)
  • Theoretical Computer Science (AREA)
  • Electrochromic Elements, Electrophoresis, Or Variable Reflection Or Absorption Elements (AREA)
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TW98136679A 2009-10-29
TW098136679A TWI405018B (zh) 2009-10-29 2009-10-29 電泳顯示面板
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US8797636B2 (en) 2012-07-17 2014-08-05 Sipix Imaging, Inc. Light-enhancing structure for electrophoretic display
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US10147366B2 (en) 2014-11-17 2018-12-04 E Ink California, Llc Methods for driving four particle electrophoretic display
US10162242B2 (en) 2013-10-11 2018-12-25 E Ink California, Llc Color display device
US10380955B2 (en) 2014-07-09 2019-08-13 E Ink California, Llc Color display device and driving methods therefor
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