US8564349B2 - Square waveform shaping device - Google Patents
Square waveform shaping device Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US8564349B2 US8564349B2 US12/747,012 US74701208A US8564349B2 US 8564349 B2 US8564349 B2 US 8564349B2 US 74701208 A US74701208 A US 74701208A US 8564349 B2 US8564349 B2 US 8564349B2
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- data signal
- fieldbus
- iec
- generation device
- output signal
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- 238000007493 shaping process Methods 0.000 title 1
- 230000007274 generation of a signal involved in cell-cell signaling Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 230000003139 buffering effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 description 4
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- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 2
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- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006866 deterioration Effects 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L25/00—Baseband systems
- H04L25/02—Details ; arrangements for supplying electrical power along data transmission lines
- H04L25/03—Shaping networks in transmitter or receiver, e.g. adaptive shaping networks
- H04L25/03828—Arrangements for spectral shaping; Arrangements for providing signals with specified spectral properties
- H04L25/03834—Arrangements for spectral shaping; Arrangements for providing signals with specified spectral properties using pulse shaping
Definitions
- This invention relates to a data signal generation device, for use particularly, but not exclusively, as a Fieldbus signal repeater.
- Fieldbus (or field bus) is the name of a family of industrial computer network protocols used for real-time distributed control, now standardized as IEC 61158.
- a complex automated industrial system for example a fuel refinery, usually needs an organized hierarchy of controller systems to function. In this hierarchy there is a Human Machine Interface (HMI) at the top, where an operator can monitor or operate the system. This is typically linked to a middle layer of programmable logic controllers (PLC) via a non time critical communications system (e.g. Ethernet).
- PLC programmable logic controllers
- Ethernet non time critical communications system
- Fieldbus is often used in Intrinsically Safe environments, for example combustible atmospheres, and in particular gas group classification IIC, Hydrogen and Acetylene, and below, for example gas group IIB and IIA, for gas and/or dust.
- combustible atmospheres for example combustible atmospheres, and in particular gas group classification IIC, Hydrogen and Acetylene, and below, for example gas group IIB and IIA, for gas and/or dust.
- an electrical communications circuit often provided in the same electrical circuit as the power to drive the field instruments.
- Fieldbus circuits are usually too large in size to support unrepeated data signals, so they comprise strategically positioned data signal repeaters to maintain the quality of the communications between the various devices.
- known Fieldbus signal repeating is usually performed by processor driven digital to analogue converters, analogue integrators, or diode clamped RC circuits.
- Such equipment is relatively power hungry, and it is expensive to manufacture and to purchase.
- Intrinsically Safe circuit power consumption is a critical factor in circuit design as it is always limited.
- the present invention is intended to overcome some of the above problems.
- a data signal generation device comprises a microprocessor and a digital potential divider, in which the microprocessor is adapted to generate a square wave output signal, and in which the digital potential divider is adapted to receive said square wave output signal, and to ramp up and down an output signal voltage and/or current according to state transitions in said square wave output signal.
- the present invention allows a Fieldbus data signal to be generated without the use of an expensive and power hungry digital to analogue converter, or like known arrangement.
- a microprocessor like that referred to above uses power to process signals and perform other tasks in any event, and uses very little extra power to process a square wave data signal.
- a digital potential divider uses little power to automatically switch from one potential to another according to the square wave output signal.
- the present invention can be employed for data signal generation by a field device or the system host.
- the device can be a data signal repeater adapted to receive an input signal.
- the microprocessor can be adapted to detect a binary meaning of the input signal, and to generate said square wave output signal according to the meaning of the input signal.
- the microprocessor can detect the binary meaning of the input signal in any known way, but preferably this can be done by reference to zero crossing points in the input signal. Such elements of an input signal are used under the Fieldbus protocol to constitute binary bits.
- the square wave output signal can comprise state transitions according to said zero crossing points. As such, the binary incoming data signal is converted to a binary square wave form by the microprocessor.
- the microprocessor can be provided with a clock means, and can be adapted to generate a square wave output signal with timing determined by said clock means. This arrangement eliminates timing errors from input signals, which are common. It will be appreciated that a degree of processing is required to determine and correct a timing error, so in one version of the invention the microprocessor can perform a buffering time-delay function between receiving the input signal and outputting the square wave output signal.
- the ramping up and down of the output signal voltage and/or current can be performed in any way, however preferably the digital potential divider can be adapted to ramp up and down an output signal voltage by one volt peak to peak, according to ceiling and a floor set point voltages. This is appropriate for a Fieldbus system.
- FIG. 1 is a diagrammatic view of a first data signal generation device according to the invention
- FIG. 2 is a diagrammatic view of data signals generated by the data signal generation device shown in FIG. 1 ;
- FIG. 3 is a diagrammatic view of a second data signal generation device according to the invention.
- FIG. 4 is a diagrammatic view of data signals received and generated by the data signal generation device shown in FIG. 3 ;
- FIG. 5 is a diagrammatic view of alternative data signals received and generated by the data signal generation device shown in FIG. 3 .
- a data signal generation device which in this case is incorporated into a field device (not shown), comprises a microprocessor 5 and a digital potential divider 8 .
- the microprocessor 5 is adapted to generate a square wave output signal 17 , as shown in FIG. 2 , and as described further below the digital potential divider 8 is adapted to receive said square wave output signal 17 , and to ramp up and down an output signal voltage and/or current 18 according to state transitions in said square wave output signal 17 .
- the field device is mounted on a trunk 1 , along which it communicates with a host system in the known way.
- Incoming data signals pass through filter 2 , and enter an input 3 .
- the microprocessor 5 generates square wave Manchester encoded TTL binary telegram data signals 17 , as shown in FIG. 2 , which relate to the operation of the field device, for example status or diagnostics signals.
- Such square wave data signals 17 cannot be sent down the trunk 1 because they are incompatible with the Fieldbus protocol, and in particular such a harsh digital waveform causes the formation of digital spikes and the like.
- the square wave data signals 17 are sent at 10 to the digital potential divider 8 .
- This automatically ramps up and down a provided voltage to generate an output voltage 18 according to the state transitions in the square wave data signals 17 , as is illustrated in FIG. 2 .
- the timing of the sequence is governed by a clock frequency, which is provided to the digital potential divider 8 from the microprocessor 5 , as shown at 6 .
- the microprocessor 5 is clocked, as shown at 4 .
- the ramping up and down reaches to a ceiling and a floor which are set by voltage points 7 a and 7 b .
- the voltage remains at that set point until the next transition.
- the digital potential divider 8 generates approximately one volt peak to peak or so.
- the output signal voltage 18 is then buffered at 9 and a switch 11 is closed by the microprocessor 5 in order to send the outputted data telegram to the trunk 1 , via the filter 2 .
- the output signal voltage 18 comprises a trapezoidal signal which is compatible with the Fieldbus protocol. In particular it has sloping sides which do not generate undue spikes.
- FIG. 3 shows a data signal repeater which utilises the same arrangement as described above to repeat Fieldbus data signals. Where components are the same as those in FIG. 1 , like reference numbers have been used.
- the repeater is mounted on a trunk 1 and a spur 15 , and repeats data signals from the trunk 1 to the spur 15 and visa versa.
- An output signal voltage 18 is sent to the spur 15 by closing switch 12 .
- An output signal voltage 18 is sent to the trunk 1 by closing switch 11 .
- the typical waveform of input signals 16 is shown in FIG. 4 .
- This type of waveform is the result of deterioration over the length of cable. Both the shape and timing of the waveform 16 are low quality.
- the microprocessor 5 is programmed to detect the meaning of an input signal 16 by referring to the zero crossing points therein, which combine to create a binary data telegram. Such technology is known.
- the microprocessor then generates a square wave data signal 17 which comprises state transitions according to the detected zero crossing points of the input data signal 16 , as illustrated in FIG. 4 .
- this type of square wave data signal 17 cannot be sent down the trunk 1 or the spur 15 because it is incompatible with the Fieldbus protocol.
- the square wave data signal 17 is sent at 10 to the digital potential divider 8 , which automatically ramps up and down a provided voltage to generate an output voltage 18 according to the state transitions in the square wave data signal 17 , again as is illustrated in FIG. 4 .
- the ramping up and down reaches to a ceiling and a floor which are set by voltage points 7 a and 7 b , and the voltage remains at that set point until the next transition.
- the digital potential divider 8 generates approximately one volt peak to peak across the 50 Ohm Fieldbus load.
- the output signal voltage 18 is then directed to the trunk 1 or the spur 15 as appropriate by closing either switch 11 or 12 .
- the signal 18 is buffered at 9 , and passes through filter 2 or 14 .
- the output signal voltage 18 comprises a trapezoidal signal which is compatible with the Fieldbus protocol. In particular it has sloping sides which do not generate undue spikes.
- the microprocessor 5 has a buffering stage in which it re-times the bit spans according to the clock 4 . This buffering stage can extend for a few bits to allow the microprocessor sufficient processing time.
- FIG. 5 illustrates this mode of operation, in which a five bit buffering time 19 occurs before the square wave data signal 17 is begun. However, the output signal voltage 18 is both re-shaped and re-timed in comparison with the input data signal 16 .
- the digital potential divider ramps up and down an electrical current to generate an output signal current.
- the output signal current can be output to both the trunk and the spur, and there is no need for switches 11 and 12 .
- the invention provides a cheap and low power Fieldbus repeater, which accurately re-shapes and re-times distorted data signals.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Spectroscopy & Molecular Physics (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
- Signal Processing (AREA)
- Arrangements For Transmission Of Measured Signals (AREA)
- Measurement Of Current Or Voltage (AREA)
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
GB0724237 | 2007-12-13 | ||
GB0724237.3 | 2007-12-13 | ||
PCT/IB2008/003688 WO2009074869A2 (en) | 2007-12-13 | 2008-12-12 | Square waveform shaping device |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
US20100264971A1 US20100264971A1 (en) | 2010-10-21 |
US8564349B2 true US8564349B2 (en) | 2013-10-22 |
Family
ID=40756186
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US12/747,012 Expired - Fee Related US8564349B2 (en) | 2007-12-13 | 2008-12-12 | Square waveform shaping device |
Country Status (4)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US8564349B2 (de) |
DE (1) | DE112008003288B4 (de) |
GB (1) | GB2467867B8 (de) |
WO (1) | WO2009074869A2 (de) |
Citations (9)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3174090A (en) | 1959-04-27 | 1965-03-16 | Rca Corp | Phase responsive motor speed control system |
SU675551A1 (ru) | 1977-05-11 | 1979-07-25 | Казахский политехнический институт им. В.И.Ленина | Устройство дл управлени симистором |
EP0219962A1 (de) | 1985-09-09 | 1987-04-29 | Southern California Edison Company | Leitungsfrequenzmesser |
US5446921A (en) | 1989-10-25 | 1995-08-29 | General Electric Company | Circuit for detecting noise and producing a squelch signal |
US5663985A (en) | 1994-05-31 | 1997-09-02 | Hitachi, Ltd. | Communication apparatus and method in a field bus system |
US20030023795A1 (en) | 2001-07-30 | 2003-01-30 | Steve Packwood | Multi-protocol field device and communication method |
US20050105897A1 (en) * | 2003-11-19 | 2005-05-19 | Wu Chia-Feng | Motor control circuit |
US20060192508A1 (en) * | 2005-02-24 | 2006-08-31 | Thomas Albers | Electrical drive apparatus having a structure-borne noise sensor |
US7136003B1 (en) | 2004-11-02 | 2006-11-14 | Skyworks Solutions, Inc. | Clockless pulse shaping circuit for controlling a power amplified output |
Family Cites Families (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE2945201C2 (de) * | 1979-11-09 | 1983-02-24 | Krautkrämer, GmbH, 5000 Köln | Schaltungsvorrichtung zur Erzeugung eines Signalerwartungsbereiches auf dem Bildschirm einer Kathodenstrahlröhre eines tragbaren Ultraschallprüfgerätes für die zerstörungsfreie Werkstoffprüfung |
-
2008
- 2008-12-12 US US12/747,012 patent/US8564349B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2008-12-12 DE DE112008003288.2T patent/DE112008003288B4/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2008-12-12 GB GB201008076A patent/GB2467867B8/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2008-12-12 WO PCT/IB2008/003688 patent/WO2009074869A2/en active Application Filing
Patent Citations (9)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3174090A (en) | 1959-04-27 | 1965-03-16 | Rca Corp | Phase responsive motor speed control system |
SU675551A1 (ru) | 1977-05-11 | 1979-07-25 | Казахский политехнический институт им. В.И.Ленина | Устройство дл управлени симистором |
EP0219962A1 (de) | 1985-09-09 | 1987-04-29 | Southern California Edison Company | Leitungsfrequenzmesser |
US5446921A (en) | 1989-10-25 | 1995-08-29 | General Electric Company | Circuit for detecting noise and producing a squelch signal |
US5663985A (en) | 1994-05-31 | 1997-09-02 | Hitachi, Ltd. | Communication apparatus and method in a field bus system |
US20030023795A1 (en) | 2001-07-30 | 2003-01-30 | Steve Packwood | Multi-protocol field device and communication method |
US20050105897A1 (en) * | 2003-11-19 | 2005-05-19 | Wu Chia-Feng | Motor control circuit |
US7136003B1 (en) | 2004-11-02 | 2006-11-14 | Skyworks Solutions, Inc. | Clockless pulse shaping circuit for controlling a power amplified output |
US20060192508A1 (en) * | 2005-02-24 | 2006-08-31 | Thomas Albers | Electrical drive apparatus having a structure-borne noise sensor |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
Title |
---|
International Search Report, PCT/IB2008/003688, dated Jul. 28, 2009. |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
GB2467867B (en) | 2012-06-20 |
DE112008003288T5 (de) | 2011-04-21 |
GB2467867B8 (en) | 2012-07-18 |
GB201008076D0 (en) | 2010-06-30 |
US20100264971A1 (en) | 2010-10-21 |
DE112008003288B4 (de) | 2014-01-23 |
WO2009074869A2 (en) | 2009-06-18 |
WO2009074869A3 (en) | 2009-09-11 |
GB2467867A (en) | 2010-08-18 |
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