US855221A - Electrolytic diaphragm and method of making same. - Google Patents
Electrolytic diaphragm and method of making same. Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US855221A US855221A US35775607A US1907357756A US855221A US 855221 A US855221 A US 855221A US 35775607 A US35775607 A US 35775607A US 1907357756 A US1907357756 A US 1907357756A US 855221 A US855221 A US 855221A
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- diaphragm
- making same
- asbestos
- coating
- base
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title description 6
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 16
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 16
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 16
- 239000010425 asbestos Substances 0.000 description 10
- 229910052895 riebeckite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 10
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 9
- 238000011049 filling Methods 0.000 description 9
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- 239000004744 fabric Substances 0.000 description 6
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000012267 brine Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 4
- HPALAKNZSZLMCH-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium;chloride;hydrate Chemical compound O.[Na+].[Cl-] HPALAKNZSZLMCH-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 4
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 4
- CWYNVVGOOAEACU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fe2+ Chemical compound [Fe+2] CWYNVVGOOAEACU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000005868 electrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000003973 paint Substances 0.000 description 3
- 235000011121 sodium hydroxide Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M Chloride anion Chemical compound [Cl-] VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 208000027418 Wounds and injury Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 230000006378 damage Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 2
- 208000014674 injury Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 230000001376 precipitating effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000001464 adherent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003518 caustics Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001427 coherent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000018109 developmental process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000011167 hydrochloric acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011368 organic material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000006072 paste Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000035699 permeability Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009877 rendering Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002759 woven fabric Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D67/00—Processes specially adapted for manufacturing semi-permeable membranes for separation processes or apparatus
- B01D67/0039—Inorganic membrane manufacture
- B01D67/0041—Inorganic membrane manufacture by agglomeration of particles in the dry state
- B01D67/00412—Inorganic membrane manufacture by agglomeration of particles in the dry state by deposition of fibres, nanofibres or nanofibrils
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D71/00—Semi-permeable membranes for separation processes or apparatus characterised by the material; Manufacturing processes specially adapted therefor
- B01D71/02—Inorganic material
- B01D71/024—Oxides
Definitions
- the object of this invention is to provide a diaphragm for electrolytic purposes and speciiically for use in the electrolysis of brine.
- the diaphragm may be made of any desired porosity, and its porosity may be afterward modified if occasion therefor should arise: it contains no materials which are subject to solution or attack by brine or by the electrolytic products thereof, and is furthermore strong, flexible and durable. these respects it is superior to any diaphragm of which I am aware.
- My improved diaphragm is more particularly intended for use in the electrolysis of brine under such'conditions that a limited quantity of brine is permitted to percolate from the anode com artment to the region of the cathode where t 1e production and separation Of caustic soda occurs, as, for instance, in an electrolytic cell of the type described'iu U. S. Patent 779,383, issued January 3, 1905, to Clinton Paul Townsend.
- the diaphragm should possess a substantially uniform porosity in order that the concentration of the caustic may be substantially uniform over the entire area of the cathode.
- the diaphragm should be capable of production in large sheets or surfaces, and that it should be of suflicient strength to permit it to be cleaned mechanic ally without injury. All of these requirements are fulfilled by a diaphragm made in accordance with my invention.
- a preferred form of diaphragm is made as follows: To the surface of a base consisting of woven asbestos fabric, commonly known as asbestos cloth, I apply a permeable coating, paste or paint, consisting of an cxid of iron such as Venetian red or Indian red, as-
- bestos )owder or e uivalent fillin material and a cementing material or binder which preferably consists of ferric or ferrous hy- (lI'OXldu
- This paint may be prepared by precipitating 400 cc. of ferric chlorid solution having a specific gravity of about 1.4 byan excess of caustic soda, and adding to the re-' sulting alkaline mass and thoroughly incorporating therewith about 500 grams of ferric oxid and 1,200 ams of asbestos powder, together with so oient water to convert the mixture into a rather thick paint.
- ferrous hydroxid asthe equivalent of ferric hydroxid for my purpose inasmuch as it becomes'wholly or partly converted into ferric hydroxid during the drying of the diaphragm. It possesses over ferric hydroxid the advantage of economy since it is readily pre ared by dissolving'scrap iron in commercia muriatic acid and precipitating the resulting ferrous chlorid solution.
- My diaphragm differs entirely from sized asbestos sheets or paper hereto ore used for such purposes. Such sheets are difficult to handle without injury even when dry, and
- the size employed being organic and usually of a starchy character swells when Wet, therefore reducing the permeability of the diaphragm; such size is furthermore subject toattack by the solution and the products of electrolysis.
- a diaphragm comprising a pervious base and a ermeable coating or filling dried thereon, su stantially as described.
- a diaphragm comprising a base of woven fabric and a permeablecoating or filling dried thereon, substantially as described.
- a diaphragm comprising a base of asbestos cloth and a permeable coating or filling dried thereon, substantially as described. 4. A diaphragm comprising a pervious base and a permeable coating or filling dried thereon, said coating containing an ox'id of iron and a binder, substantially as described.
- a dia hragm comprising a base of asbestos clot 1 and a permeable coating or filling dried thereon, said coating containing an oxid of iron and a binder, substantially as described.
- a dia hragm comprising a base of asbestos clot 1 and a permeable coating or filling applied thereto, said coating containing an oxid of iron, a filling material'and a binder substantially as described.
- a diaphragm comprising a base of as bestos cloth, and a permeable coating or filling applied thereto, said coating containing an oxid of iron, asbestos and a hydroxid of iron, substantially as described.
- a dia )hragm comprising a base of asbestos clot and a permeable coating or fill: ing a plied thereto, said coating comprising an al aline mixture of ferric oxid, as estos, and ahydroxid of iron, substantially as described.
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Nanotechnology (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Paints Or Removers (AREA)
Description
U N ITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.
LEO 1i. BAEKELAND, or YONKERS, NEW YORK, ASSIGNOR TO DEVELOP- MENT AND FUNDING COMPANY, OF NEW YORK, N. Y., A CORPORATION OF NEW JERSEY.
Specification of Letters Patent.
Patented May 28, 1907.
Application filed March 10, 1906. Renewed February 16, 1907. Serial No. 357,756-
To all whmn it may concern:
Be it known that I, L O H. BAE-KELAND, a citizen of the United States, residing at Yonkers, in the county of VVGSiJChQStQI' and State of N ew York, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Electrolytic Diaphragms and Method of Making Same, of which the following is a specification.
The object of this invention is to provide a diaphragm for electrolytic purposes and speciiically for use in the electrolysis of brine.
The diaphragm may be made of any desired porosity, and its porosity may be afterward modified if occasion therefor should arise: it contains no materials which are subject to solution or attack by brine or by the electrolytic products thereof, and is furthermore strong, flexible and durable. these respects it is superior to any diaphragm of which I am aware.
' My improved diaphragm is more particularly intended for use in the electrolysis of brine under such'conditions that a limited quantity of brine is permitted to percolate from the anode com artment to the region of the cathode where t 1e production and separation Of caustic soda occurs, as, for instance, in an electrolytic cell of the type described'iu U. S. Patent 779,383, issued January 3, 1905, to Clinton Paul Townsend. In a cell of this character it is desirable that the diaphragm should possess a substantially uniform porosity in order that the concentration of the caustic may be substantially uniform over the entire area of the cathode. It is furthermore desirable that the diaphragm should be capable of production in large sheets or surfaces, and that it should be of suflicient strength to permit it to be cleaned mechanic ally without injury. All of these requirements are fulfilled by a diaphragm made in accordance with my invention.
A preferred form of diaphragm is made as follows: To the surface of a base consisting of woven asbestos fabric, commonly known as asbestos cloth, I apply a permeable coating, paste or paint, consisting of an cxid of iron such as Venetian red or Indian red, as-
bestos )owder or e uivalent fillin material and a cementing material or binder which preferably consists of ferric or ferrous hy- (lI'OXldu This paint may be prepared by precipitating 400 cc. of ferric chlorid solution having a specific gravity of about 1.4 byan excess of caustic soda, and adding to the re-' sulting alkaline mass and thoroughly incorporating therewith about 500 grams of ferric oxid and 1,200 ams of asbestos powder, together with so oient water to convert the mixture into a rather thick paint. Such bestos cloth and permitted to dry thereon, when the diaphragm is ready for use.
to is desirable as it distinctly aids by its cementing effect in the production of a coherent and durable coating.
I regard ferrous hydroxid asthe equivalent of ferric hydroxid for my purpose inasmuch as it becomes'wholly or partly converted into ferric hydroxid during the drying of the diaphragm. It possesses over ferric hydroxid the advantage of economy since it is readily pre ared by dissolving'scrap iron in commercia muriatic acid and precipitating the resulting ferrous chlorid solution.
I do not limit myself to the specific ingredients or roportions above noted as preferred. 1e asbestos cloth is in itself quite ervious and its interstices are quite irreguer in size and distribution, rendering it entirely unsuited for my purpose. In the formation of my diaphragm it is necessary that these interstices be filled or covered by an adherent and permeable coating which is substantially unaffected under the conditions of use. The use of organic-materials should be avoided.
My diaphragm differs entirely from sized asbestos sheets or paper hereto ore used for such purposes. Such sheets are difficult to handle without injury even when dry, and
coherence; it is impossible'to clean them by mechanical means. The size employed being organic and usually of a starchy character swells when Wet, therefore reducing the permeability of the diaphragm; such size is furthermore subject toattack by the solution and the products of electrolysis.
I claim 1. A diaphragm comprising a pervious base and a ermeable coating or filling dried thereon, su stantially as described.
' The excess of caustic soda above referred mixture is uniformly spread over the aswhen wet are reduced to a pulp having no 2. A diaphragm comprising a base of woven fabric and a permeablecoating or filling dried thereon, substantially as described.
3. A diaphragm comprising a base of asbestos cloth and a permeable coating or filling dried thereon, substantially as described. 4. A diaphragm comprising a pervious base and a permeable coating or filling dried thereon, said coating containing an ox'id of iron and a binder, substantially as described.
5. A dia hragm comprising a base of asbestos clot 1 and a permeable coating or filling dried thereon, said coating containing an oxid of iron and a binder, substantially as described. i
6. A dia hragm comprising a base of asbestos clot 1 and a permeable coating or filling applied thereto, said coating containing an oxid of iron, a filling material'and a binder substantially as described.
Z. A diaphragm comprising a base of as bestos cloth, and a permeable coating or filling applied thereto, said coating containing an oxid of iron, asbestos and a hydroxid of iron, substantially as described.
8. A dia )hragm comprising a base of asbestos clot and a permeable coating or fill: ing a plied thereto, said coating comprising an al aline mixture of ferric oxid, as estos, and ahydroxid of iron, substantially as described. v
9. The method of making a diaphragm which consists in applying to a pervious base a permeable coating or filling, and drying it thereon, substantially as described. Y
In testimony whereof, I allix my si nature in presence of two witnesses.
LEO H. BAEKELAND.
' Witnesses:
'lHoMAs W. Ivnns, JOHN J. STAHL.
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US35775607A US855221A (en) | 1907-02-16 | 1907-02-16 | Electrolytic diaphragm and method of making same. |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US35775607A US855221A (en) | 1907-02-16 | 1907-02-16 | Electrolytic diaphragm and method of making same. |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
US855221A true US855221A (en) | 1907-05-28 |
Family
ID=2923676
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US35775607A Expired - Lifetime US855221A (en) | 1907-02-16 | 1907-02-16 | Electrolytic diaphragm and method of making same. |
Country Status (1)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US855221A (en) |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP0762198A1 (en) | 1995-08-02 | 1997-03-12 | Eastman Kodak Company | Filter dyes for photographic elements |
-
1907
- 1907-02-16 US US35775607A patent/US855221A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP0762198A1 (en) | 1995-08-02 | 1997-03-12 | Eastman Kodak Company | Filter dyes for photographic elements |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
US3694281A (en) | Process for forming a diaphragm for use in an electrolytic cell | |
US4410411A (en) | Dimensionally stable asbestos diaphragms | |
GB1444056A (en) | Porous diaphragms | |
US3580824A (en) | Impregnated graphite | |
US855221A (en) | Electrolytic diaphragm and method of making same. | |
US4093533A (en) | Bonded asbestos diaphragms | |
US3459652A (en) | Paraffin-active carbon electrode | |
US1291253A (en) | Diaphragm or separator. | |
US1942183A (en) | Diaphragm for electrolytic cells | |
DE2413055B2 (en) | METHOD OF PERFORMING ELECTROLYSIS IN A DIAPHRAGMA CELL | |
FI61920B (en) | FOERFARANDE FOER FRAMSTAELLNING AV EN KATOD BELAGD MED EN VAETSKEGENOMSLAEPPANDE DIAFRAGMA OCH SAOHAER FRAMSTAELLD KATOD | |
US2866769A (en) | Process for making a mat composed of aluminum silicate fibers and polytetrafluoroethylene | |
US3216559A (en) | Corrosion resistant lining | |
US3434872A (en) | Glass fabric reinforced mica tape and process for production thereof | |
JPS59229489A (en) | Diaphragm based on nickel oxide and production thereof | |
US4020235A (en) | Novel composite diaphragm material | |
JPS62297283A (en) | Coated carbon electrode | |
US568229A (en) | Henry blackman | |
US2580524A (en) | Products for coating molds and ingot molds | |
EP0069772B1 (en) | Sacrificial reinforcement in cation exchange membrane | |
US1039266A (en) | Diaphragm for electrolysis. | |
US568231A (en) | Henry blackmaist | |
SU651659A4 (en) | Method of manufacturing porous diaphragm for electrolysis | |
US1496607A (en) | Process for producing ferric oxide | |
CA1046447A (en) | Diaphragms |