US848695A - System of ventilation and heating. - Google Patents

Description

PATENTED APR. 2, 1907.

ITO-848,695.

"R. W. SHAW. SYSTEM OF VENTILATION AND HEATING,

APPL IOATION FILED AUG.8,1904.

In: mamas PETERS co., WASHINGTON, n" c.

ROBERT W. SHAW,

OF LONDON, ONTARIO, CANADA.

SYSTEM OF VENTILATION AND HEATING.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented April 2, 1907..

Application filed August 8,1904. Serial No. 220,026.

To ctZZ 2072 0711, it Til/(by concern.-

Be it known that I, ROBERT W. SHAW, a

, subject of the King of Great Britain, and a resident of the city of London, in the county of Middlesex, in the. Province of Ontario, Canada, have invented a new and useful System of Ventilation and Heating, of which the following is a specification.

This invention relates to a system for the distribution of heat and the supply of fresh air, the object being to produce two definite and positive circulations of air, one for heat ing and the other for ventilation. The circulation of air for heating is from the room through the cold-air pipe to the furnace, where the air is heated and passes into the hot-air pipe, which returns it to the room,

where it ascends to the ceiling and gradually descends (as more warm air enters the room) to the floor, Where the opening into the coldair pipe is located. As this warm air descends it diffuses with the air in the room and raises the temperature of the latter, and the cooler air, or that having the lowest temperature, will be at the floor. This cool air will be that which passes through the coldair pipe to the furnace, and so on, continuing the circulation before described.

The circulation for ventilation is through a fresh-air pipe which extends from the outside of the building to and projects into the hot-air pipe or chamber connected therewith, through which fresh-air pipe fresh air from the outside of the building passes into the portion of the fresh-air pipe located in the hot-air pipe or chamber connected therewith, in which portion of said fresh-air pipe projecting into said hot-air pipe or chamber connected therewith the fresh air is heated by the hot air in said hot-air pipe. This fresh warmed air passes from said fresh-air pipe into said hot-air pipe, where it diffuses with the hot-air from the furnace and passes with it into the room, where it ascends to the ceiling, and as more warm fresh air enters the room this warm fresh air descends and diffuses with the air in the room, and as this fresh warmed air descends it is breathed by the occupants and becomes vitiated, and this vitiated air will descend to the floor, where the vitiated-air pipe opens into the room, because expired air is cooler than that coming from the hot-air registers and will therefore descend. It also contains more moisture than the air in the room and will therefore be heavier and descend, and also bevitiated air by fresh pure air.

cause oxygen taken into the lungs is converted into carbon dioxid, which is heavier than oxygen, and therefore vitiated air at even thesame temperature as pure air will descend; but the air in the room at the floor while being the coolest in the room is warmer than the air at the roof, the point at which the vitiated-air pipe discharges outside of the building. Therefore vitiated air at the floor will rise into and through the vitiated-air pipe and be discharged therefrom at the roof, allowing an equal volume of fresh air to pass into the room through the fresh and hot air pipes for ventilation or to displace The further object is to perfectly regulate or altogether shut off the supply of fresh air to the hot-air pipes or chambers leading thereto, and, further, to supply an equal volume of hot air to rooms having a good draft as to rooms having a poor draft, and also to deflect a greater proportion or amount of hot air to a certain room or rooms than to another, especially to the cold rooms on they windward side of the house, and, further, to cause the air in each room to flow into and out of the furnace and back into the same room again without in any way mixing or coming in contact with the air of any of the other rooms, which is an advantage in the case of contagious diseases in hospitals or other isolated rooms or in the case of smoke or other offensive odors; and this invention consists of the improved construction and novel combination of parts, as will be here inafter first fully set forth and described and then pointed out in the claims, reference being had to the accompanying drawings, wherein- Figure 1 is a perspective view of a hot-air furnace embodying my invention. In this view the front portion of the body or jacket is cut away and operating-rods for the partitions 40 are not shown. Fig. 2 is a side elevation of Fig. 1. In this view a portion of the body or jacket is cut away and the cold, fresh, and hot air pipes and theoperatingrods for the partitions 37 are not shown.

In the accompanying drawings the numeral 21 designates the body or jacket of the furnace, and 22 the fire-pot.

23 designates a cold-air pipe which opens into and extends from the room to the furnace, through which the cold air in the room passes to the furnace, and 24 is a damper in said cold-air pipe 23 to regulate the amount of cold air passing to the furnace if it should be found necessary. 25 designates a hot-air pipe opening into and extending from the furnace to the room, through which the hot air from the furnace passes to the room.

26 designates a fresh-air pipe, one end of which opens into a shaft 0, which shaft extends to the fresh air at a point outside of the building, and a portion a of the other end of said fresh-air pipe projects into the hot-air pipe 25, as shown particularly in Fig. 1, or said fresh-air pipe may project into a chamber communicating with said hot-air pipe or open into a chamber adjacent to one side of or inclosing a portion of said hot-air pipe 25 or furnace body or jacket 21 and one or more of said cold, hot, and fresh air pipes may be used, as found suitable or necessary under the circumstances.

28 designates a chamber on top of the furnace, and 29 a hot-air pipe opening into and extending from said chamber 23 to a hall or other room to conduct hot air to the latter, and 30 a cold-air pipe opening into and extending from said hall or other room to said chamber 23 to conduct the cold air from said hall or room to said chamber 23 to supply the latter with air. v i

31 designates a horizontal partition located in the body or jacket 21 of the furnace a short distance above the dome b of the fire- pot 22, and 32 designate vertical partitions radiating from the center and extending from the top of the body or jacket 21 to said horizontal partition 31, which partitions 32 divide the portion of the furnace above said horizontal partition 31 into separate and independent compartments 33.

34 designate openings formed in the horizontal partition 31, one for each compartment 33.

35 designate dampers, one of which is pivotally secured in place in each compartment and is provided with an operating-handle 36, which projects to the outside of the body or jacket 21.

37 designate vertical partitions located below and hinged to the under side of the horizontal partition 31, and said partitions 37 are in line with the vertical partitions 32 and extend from said horizontal partition 31 to the dome b of the fire-pot and at intervals divide the space between said horizontal par tition 31 and the dome l) of the fire-pot into separate and independent compartments 33. 39 designates a handle connected with each of said vertical partitions 37 which projects through the body or acket 21 to provide a convenient means for operating said partition.

40 designate vertical partitions hinged to the interior face of the body or jacket 21 and in line with the vertical partitions 37, which partitions40 close the space between the firepot 22 and the body or acket 21 and form the compartments 41. 42 designate handles secured to said partitions 40, which project beyond the body or jacket 21 to provide a convenient means for operating said partitions 40.

The operation is as follows: The heat from the fire in the fire-pot 22 heats the air be-.

tween said fire-pot and the body or jacket 21.. This causes said air to ascend, and as it ascends it is deflected by the outer annular rim portion (2 of the horizontal partition 31 over on top of the dome b, (the hottest part of the fire-pot,) where it is raised to a still higher temperature. It then passes through the openings 34 in the horizontal partition 31 and into the compartments 33 and from the latter into and through the hot-air pipe or pipes 25, leading from said compartments 33 to the room or rooms to be heated. This hot air as it enters the rooms ascends to the ceiling and then gradually descends (as more hot air enters said room or rooms) to the floor, and as said hot air descends it diffuses with the air in the rooms and raises the temperature of the latter, and as said warm air enters the room or rooms it passes directly to the ceiling. The cooler air will therefore be that at the floor, where the openings into the coldair pipe 23 are located. As the hot air passes out of the furnace the cooler air at the floor in the room will be drawn down the cold-air pipes 23 to the inside of the bodyor jacket 21 to take the place of the hot air which is continually rising and passing through the hotair pipes 25 to the rooms, and there are as many compartments above saidhorizontal partition 31 as there are hot-air pipes 25 leadlng from the body or jacket 21 above said horizontal partition, and the hot air continually rising directly from the dome and entering these compartments more hot air passes to these compartments 33 than they can contain. The result is that each compartment 33 and hot-air pipe 25, leading therefrom, gets its proportionate share of hot air from the furnace. This would not be the case if all the hot-air pipes opened into a single chamher, as they do in furnaces in ordinary use, because in the latter case a greater proportion of hot air would be drawn to and through the hotair pipe having a good draft, which is very often the case in hot-air pipes leading upstairs, and, on the other hand, very little hot air would be drawn through the pipes having a poor draft, and thus some of the pipes would get very little hot air, the result of which is that some of the rooms would be uncomfortably warm, while the other rooms, the hot-air pipes to which have very little draft, would be uncomfortably cool, and by means of the dampers 35 the hot air from the top of the fire-pot dome b is permitted or pre vented from passing to said compartments 33, so that by closing any one or more of the openings 34, which supply hot air to unoccupied rooms, and opening or adj usting the vertical partitions 37 to permit the hot air to pass freely to the other compartments 33, communicating with occupied rooms, the openings 34 in the bottom of which were open, a greater volume of hot air would flow into said compartments 33, and consequently a greater volume of hot air would flow into any one or more rooms supplied with hot air from those compartments. By this means the hot air could be shut off from unoccupied rooms and increased to the rooms occupied, which would be of considerable advantage in extremely cold weather or in heating rooms on the windward side of the house or in the case where the fire in the furnace was burning low. Again, by adjusting the vertical partitions 37 and 40 and the dampers 35, as shown in Fig. 1, and arranging each cold-air pipe 23 to open into a separate chamber 41 between said partitions 40 and the hot-air pipe leading from the compartment 33, with which said chamber 41 communicates, back again to the same room the air would be conducted from each room to flow into and out of the furnace and back into the same room again without in any way mixing or coming in contact with the air of any other rooms, which would be an advantage in the case of contagious diseases in hospitals or other isolated rooms or in the case of smoke or other offensive odors. The upward radiation of heat from the compartments 33 heats the air in the chamber 28 and hot air from the latter is conducted by a hot-air pipe 29 to heat a hall or other room, the circulation of the hot air when it enters said hall or other room being similar to the circulation of hot air in the other rooms from the hot-air pipes hereinbefore described, and the cooler air in said hall or other room is conducted to said chamber 28 by a cold-airpipe 30; but in furnaces in general use the top of the jacket or body of the furnace is covered with ashes or sand to prevent radiation of heat into the furnace-room, whereas in my invention this heat is utilizedfor heating a hall or other room.

0 designates a fresh-air shaft which extends to and opens into the fresh air outside of the building, and one end of the fresh-air pipe 26 opens into and receives its supply of fresh air from said fresh-air shaft 0. The other end a of said fresh-air pipe 26 projects into the hotair pipe 25, and this portion a of said freshair pipe 26, projecting into said hot-air pipe 25, the fresh air in said portion a becomes heated by the air in said hot-air pipe, causing the fresh air to pass out of the portion a into the hot-air pipe 25 and through the latter in a continuous flow to the room or rooms to be ventilated, and as said fresh warmed airpasses out of the fresh-air pipe 26 it diffuses with the heated air from the furnace and both pass to the room in the form of fresh warm air. Again, the fresh air may be shut off from an unoccupied room or rooms when desired and the hot air only be permitted to enter said room, and thus not consume fuel to heat a continuous flow of fresh cold air when it is not required. Again, in this invention all the air that is heated by the fire-pot is drawn through the cold-air pipes leading from the room or rooms to the body or jacket of the furnace, because this is the only supply of air to said body or jacket, the practical advantages of which are, first, the fact that the air supplied from the room to the body or jacket 2 1 having a higher temperature than the air from the outside, would require less fire, and consequently less fuel to bring and keep it to the required temperature than would be required to heat fresh cold air admitted thereto from the outside of the building, and as the cooler air at the floor flows out of the room through the cold-air pipe 23 to the furnace and through the vitiated-air pipe to the outside of the building at the roof the fresh warm air descends and thoroughly'ventilates and heats the room. Another practical advantage is that the portion a of the fresh-air.

pipe 26 located in or projecting into the hotair pipe 25 will in no way whatever interfere with the draft of said hot-airpipe 25, as would be the case if said fresh-cold-air pipe 26 simply opened into said hot-air pipe 2 The vitiated-air pipe or grate opening into a chimney provides a conduit which extends from the room and opens into the latter at a point near the floor and extends to the roof and opens to the outside. This provides an escapefor a volume of vitiated air equal to the amount of air supplied by the fresh-air pipe.

From the foregoing it will thus be seen that there are two circulations, one for heating and one for ventilation.

First. There is the air passing from the room through the cold-air pipe to the furnace, where it is warmed and returned through the hot-air pipes to the room. It then. ascends to the ceiling and gradually de scends to the cold-air pipes, thus making a complete circuit and heating the rooms.

Secondly. e have the fresh air, warmed in the hot-air pipes, mixed with the hot air from the furnace, passing tothe ceiling, and gradually descending to fill the place of the vitiated air which is being constantly carried off by the vitiated-air pipe or a grate, as the case may be. This completes another circuit, producing a constant change of air and ventilating the rooms, and it is a well-known fact, first, that expired air is cooler than that coming from the hot-air registers and will therefore sink; second, that expired air contains more moisture than inspired air, and will therefore be heavier and will sink.

Third, that oxygen taken into the lungs is converted into carbon dioxid, which is more than one-third heavier than oxygen, and therefore vitiated air at even the same temperature as pure air will sink rapidly in it. Consequently the air which passes through the cold-air pipe 28 to the air-chamb er of the furnace is similar to that which passes through the vitiated-air pipe to the roof; but a continuous flow of fresh warmed air becomes incorporated with the hot air entering the room, thus increasing the proportion of oxygen or fresh air in said hot air entering said room, and this continuous flow of fresh warm air increases the volume of air entering the room, and thus makes up for the amount of vitiated air drawn off by the vitiated-air p p Instead of the fresh-air pipe 26 projecting directly into the hot-air pipe 25 it may proj ect into a chamber communicating with said hot-air pipe.

The practical advantages of this system of ventilation and. heating are as follows: First, it can be used on any furnace with trifling additional cost; second, it affords a constant supply of warm fresh air, thus making it quite unnecessary to keep windows open in winter; third, no cold air is admitted from the outside of the building (to come in contact with and cool the fire-pot) to check the fire; fourth, in summer-time the air in the rooms will be warmer than the air at the roof. Consequently the air will rise through the vitiated-air pipes to the roof, and fresh air will flow in through the fresh-air pipes to take the place of the air which passes out through the vitiated-air pipe when it is necessary to keep the windows and doors closed, and thus provide an efficient system of venti lation when there is no fire in the furnace.

While in the drawings forming part of this specification there is illustrated one form of construction embodying my invention which I prefer, it is understood that the elements therein shown may be varied or changed as to shape, proportion, and exact manner of, assemblage without departing from the spirit of my invention.

Having thus described my invention, I claim- 1. The combination of a casing, a fire-pot inclosed thereby, a cold-air flue leading into the space between the casing and the fire-pot near the bottom of said space, vertical partitions hinged to the casing and dividing the space between the casing and the fire-pot into a plurality of compartments, a horizontal partition in the casing above the fire-pot and having openings, pivoted dampers for controlling said openings, hinged vertical partitions beneath the horizontal partition, a plurality of vertical partitions above the horizontal partition, a hot-air pipe leading from the chamber in the casing above said horizontal partition, a second hot-air pipe also communicating with the space above the horizontal partition, a fresh-air pipe communicating with said second-named hot-air pipe, and a cold-air flue communicating with the chamber in the casing at the top thereof, substantially as described.

2. The combination of the fire-pot, an inclosing casing therefor, horizontally-(lisposed spaced partitions in said casing above the fire-pot separating the chamber of the easing into separate compartments, the lower of said partitions having openings, pivoted dampers controlling said openings, vertical partitions hinged to the casing and separating the space between said casing .and the fire-pot into compartments, vertical partitions hinged to the lower of said horizontal partitions and extending over the dome of the fire-pot, radially-disposed vertical partitions between the horizontal partitions, hotair flues communicating with the space between said horizontal partitions, a cold-air flue communicating with the space between the casing and the fire-pot, and a hot-air flue and a cold-air flue communicating with the chamber of the casing above the uppermost horizontal partition thereof, substantially as described.

In testimony whereof I have signed in the presence of the two undersigned witnesses.

ROBERT V. SHAXV. i/Yitnesses:

P. J. EDMUNDS, A. BYRICK.

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