US843612A - Sectional boiler or furnace. - Google Patents

Description

' PATENTED FEB. 12, 1907. J. M. W. KITCHEN. SEGTIONAL BOILER OB. FURNACE.

APPLIOATION FILED DEO.'22, 1905.

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j haw 1 PATENTED FEB; 12, 1907. J. M. W KITCHEN.

SEUTIONAL BOILER 0R FURNACE.

APPLICATION FILED 1330,22, 1905. v

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JOSEPH M. w. KITCHEN, or

EAST ORANGE, NEW JERSEY.

SECTIONAL BOILER on FURNACE.

To (1,7 7 whmn it may concern Be it known that I, J osErn M. W. KrronEN, a citizen of the United States of America, and a resident of East Orange, county of Essex,

State of New Jersey, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Sectional Boilers and Furnaces, of which the following The object of this invention is to prevent smoke formation, to economize in fuel, and to facilitate ease of management and use in sectional heating and power-producing apparatus.

The principles are adopted of accurately introducin below the re iii-needed amounts, of providing water of va ing degrees of temperature inside of the boi or to receive generated heat of various temperatures, of applying horizon tall the highest heat enerat-ed to the water in t e boiler of the big lest temperature, and pro rcssivel applying horizontally generate heat progressively lessening temperatures to water in theboiler of progressively lower temperatures; also, of progressive vertical heating of the water in the boiler from the lowest level.to the highest level of the boiler.

In the accompanying drawings, Figure 1 is a front vertical view of the steam-heater incorporating my invention and surrounded with a brick casement. Fig. 2 is a rear view of the same, partly in section and with parts left out for clearness. Fi 3 is a side vertical view of the same, partFy'in section. Fig. 4 is a side View of a water-heater, partly in section, but without a non-conducting casement, incorporating my invention. Fig. 5 is a cross-sectional view of the same, taken on the line f f, Fig. 4. Fig.6 is a horizontal sectional view of the same, taken on the line 9 g, Fig. 4. Fig. 7' is the front section of this boiler. Fig. 8 is the'middle section of the same. Fig. 9 is the rear section of the same. Fig. 10 is an intermediate section of the combustion-chamber. Fig. 11 is an intermediate section of the heating-cavity of the same boiler. Fi 12 is a side vertical section of the assemb ed sections. Fig. 13 is one part of a damper-frame used in my invention. Fig. 14 is the damper used in connection with the frame. Fig. 15 is a side section of the damper and frame; Fi 16 is a coking-plate used in my furnace. F

ilg. 17 is the under side of the same plate. ig. 18 is the upper Specification of Letters Patent.

Application filed December 22, 1905. Qerial No. 292,945.

air for combustion above and.

Patented Feb. 12, 1907.

1 surface of a gratebar. Fig. 19 is the under side of the same. Fig. 20 is a transverse section oftlie coking-plate. Fig.21 is a transverse section of the grate-bar. Fig. 22 is a transverse section of the furnace-feed door. Fig. 23 is a transverse section of the ash-pit door. Fig. 24 is a front view of the ash-pit door. Fig. 25 is an air-conveyer and twyers.

27, 28, 29, and are partsof the air-valve and its handle. Fig. 31 is a cross-section of the rear section, Fig. 9, on the line (1 (l.

Therei'erence characters attached to the drawings represent as follows: A, afront section oi a boiler; A, an intermediate section opening; A air-duct openings; A, wedgedsha ed dependent fold or process; B, upper pus 1-nipple connections; B, lower push-nipple connections; B mid-level push-nipple connections; B, intercommunicating gasopenings; B, vertical gas-openings; B corrugations; C, combustion-chamber; D, a dependent check-draft conduit; E, bolt openings; F, waste-gas flue; F u per smoke-exit; F lower smoke-exit. F 18 the smoke-exit damper; F, clean-out doors; Gr, grate-bar; H, a heating-cavity; I, a dependent air-conduit; I,-check-dra t damper; I smoke-flue damper; J, airconveyer; J,twye1s; K, cokingplate; K, check-draft indicator and handle; K smoke-flue indicator and handle; K handle of rod actuating upper draft-damper; L, damper-blade; L, damper-frame; M, middle seciion of boiler; N, feed-door; N, upper air-o ening; N lower air-opening; N extension- 'rame; O, ash-pit door; 0, bed-plate; 0 moving-plate; 0 a hand-nut; P, rear section of the boiler; P, intermediate section of heating-cavity; T, horizontal boiler-section; U, water-communicating pipes; V, airvalve; V,'a valve-handle; V dicator; W, fire-brick wall; V\ exterior brick casing; W", air-apertures; -X, cone of air-valve; X, valve-guide; X air-valve fitting; X air-valve rod; Y, feed-water pipe:

. air-pipe; Z, steam-dome; Z steam-turbine; Z fan; Z, centrifugal fan; Z backflow stop-valve; a, automatic check-draft damper; b, clean-out opening.

The apparatus contains a combined furnace and combustion-chamber and an adjoining heatinsz-cavity. In the combined furnace and combustion-chamber the aim 1s of the combusiion-chamber A a feed-door Y, steam-pipe; Y steam-draft inducer; Z,

Fig. 26 is an air-duct and air-valve. Figs.

osit-ion-into secure substantially complete combustion before the gaseous products of combustion are brought m contact with the heatingsurfaces through the provision of afhigh tact with transmitting-surfaces having a higher temperature. To best secure the aimed-for results, the combustion-chamber and heat-transmitting surfaces are elongated from, middle, and rear.

vertically so far as is p raciicably possible, taking into account the posit ion occupied b the apparatus. By the introduction of variable' numbers of seciions in either compariment the relative size and eflicieney ot the two compartments may be soadjusted as to secure the best results.

Thereare 'three main sections.-namely, The front section is pierced for the openi s of the fuel doors. the middle section divi es the two compartments imperviously except as to openings at a high level of the section. The rear section.

contains a controllable smoke-opening at a high level, which is kept more or less open when a fire is started and when an increase of chimney-draft is desired, and a spent-gas opening at the lowest level of the section, both openings connecting with the-chimneyflue or smoke-pi e at the rear of the apparatus. As a chec -draft to the chimney-draft a vertically-placed conduit runs from near the floor-line to or above the u per level of the apparatus and connects wit 1 the 'smokc flue at the highest possible'level. It has a large transverse diameter and has provision for the entrance of air at or near the floorlevel and is controlled by an obstructive darn r, which allows more or less air to he carried through it into the smoke-llue or eutirely closes its lumen. The column of cold air which it contains prevents hotgases from being emitted downwardly through its lower orifice. This damper and the damper controlling the su'nike-flue and that controlling the upper opening in the rear section have actuating rods running to the front of the apparatus and are there connected with handles and indicating-dials and -means for retaining the handles in any desired position.

'ihe legs-of the side sections and the lower part of the front section rests on -the sides and front of the ash-pit walls at about the of the sections.

level of the grate-line. The middle and other more posterio'rly located sections are carried to or near to the floor-line. The lower part of; the middle section forms the back wall of the ash-pit. The sections formin the heating-cavity have openings at the si e through which the heat-absorbing surfaces can be reached and cleaned. All of the sections between the front and rear sections are made revers1ble so that the clean-out openings maybe reached from either side of the apparatus. 'All the sections-are joined by push-nipples located at thehighest point am at the lowest levels of the legs of the sections. The sections are heldtogether by long bolt-rods.

To prevent radiation fromthe exterior of the apparatus, provision is made to cover its exterior surface with brickwork. To bring the variousdoors of the apparatus flush with the exterior of the brickwork, extensiondoor frames are provided, which are bolted to the sections-at the several door-openings Atthe same highlevel as the openings of the middle section the intermediate sections of the cenibustion-chamber have their transmittirig-surfaces extended in area by downward folds of the iron skin of the sections forming dependent wedges; but such provision of structure is not intended to abstract heat from the burning gases low down in the c:nnbustion-chamber, as is usually done in most structures of this class, it being my aim-to prevent contact'oi' the heat generated by the burning fuel with heatabsorbing surfaces until after combustion has been cfl'ected.

To assist in preventing a loss of heat in the fixed and gaseous fuel until after combustion is perfected, the lower push-nipples of the .front of the middle section and of the other sections of the cknnbustion-chamber are of a contracted caliber, which prevents a too free circulation cl" water into the sections surrounding thecombustion-chamber, it being the purpose to keep the walls of the lower part of the coi'nbustien-chamber as hot as possible to encourage perfect combustion. Under forced use the /entire height of my combuslion-chamber is filled with ignited gases. 'lhe'push-nipples of the lower parts of the sections of the heatin -cavity are of a larger caliber, so as to afford a freer passage of water through them and up through the sections of the heating-cavit As a further revention of loss of heat rom the burninged 1 inpreferred forms line the side walls of the combustion-chamber with firebrick. In order to control a too strong chimney-draft, I connect with the smokepi e of my boiler a dependent air-conduit, wiich runs from near the floor-line to and communicates with the smoke-pipe." This lumen of the srrioke-pi e, or I may put a damper in the bottom the chimney-flue to effect the same urpose.

The nature oi tion varies in accord with the nature of the fuel used. In simpler forms-I use acokingplate bar at the sides of the general gratesurface and on the same level. v In thisfor'm fuelis placed on these lateral coking-plates and after cokin the fuel is 'turned' toward the middle of t e combustion-chamber by uarter-revolution of the coking-plate shaft,

= n order to revent the adhesion of-the mov-- able draft-p ates of the ash-pit and fuelfeed doors through corrosion, I nsert anon-corrosive bed-p ate in the bodyof the door andhave the movable plate also made, of a noncorrosive nature. Usually I have such 3 plates of iron nickel-plated, In case of a rei olving late I provide a set-screw to hold the movab e plate in any desired position.

In this heatertherc is no passing of the heating-gases twice over heat-absorbing surfaces at the same level'and of the same temperature exce ting' in the vault of the comtion-cham er. Inasmuch as I absorbthe highest heat in the vault of the'combustionchamber, the sections have the'de endent wed e-shaped elongations before r'e erred to to a low t e radiated heat from the fire to penetrate directly to the highest level. At a ilgh level in these combustion-chamber sections I have gas-passages, but these openings are of restricted size to hold back in'a meas- I ure the risen hot gases in the upper art of increased upward pressure of the hot gases temperatures, the gases gradually and pro-' gressively losing heat as they progress horizontally from the front to the rear of the boiler. T o facilitatethis aim, the as-passages in the intermediate sections of t 9 heating-cavit; are so narrow that after passing the openings in the middle section the ases must spread out laterally and be broug t in full contact with all the full breadth of the intermediate sections at various levels. With the upper gas-opening in the rear section open the gases travel into the smoke-pipe b that opening, and this is a condition whie nerates a'very intense high rate of comustion, a requirement necessary in very. cold weather, but with more moderate the grate I use in my inven radiation the spaces between the sections an bring" .ouslyzper weather this direct exit of gas is closed and the gases travel downwardly in the heatingcavity and leave the cavity at its lower opening, being progressively brought into contact with heat-absorbing surfaces of progressively lower temperatures until the gases finally emerge from the heating-cavity at a temerature not reatly higher than that of the eed-water, w rich is introduced at the lowest level of the heating-cavity. f

' The gas-openings in the middle section are at a high level and are collectively of an extent equal to the extent of either of the exitopenings of the rear' section. The middlesection openings are large enough to pass all the gases coming out of the combustionchamber, but the openings in any one of the intermediate sections of the combustionchamber are only large enough to pass a part of the gases generated in'the chamber. The

lower artsof the various gas-openings in the severa sections ,are pointed or peakedupwardly to allow soot, ashes, and other dust to slide off of them downwardly.

The fuel feedlloor-has an inner rotective metal shield fastened'tdthe front plate of the door. "Thisinnerlplate has a few holes horizontally placed near the top. The front plate has a 1 few.-'air-h oles horizontally arra ed near'the bottom of the door and controled by-a slide, .This arrangement gives an air-space between the two plates and provides for a'current of coolair therein, gradually heating the same. I This prevents undue om the outer plate and prevents the lowering of the critical temperature of the gases above the fire, as in the case where l a lar e" amount of air is introduced over the fire t rough the door and through a numerorated protective inner plate. I provi for a more widely-diffused air introduction in small streams widel separated which provides for a more comp ete mixture of air and volatilized gases and prevents undue cooling of the ases at any point.

The air-valve, o which a vertical section is shown in Fig. 26, is composedof a guide, (see 27,) a valve-cone, (see Fig; 28,) the cone-plate, (see Fig. 29,) and the bolt and handleand external indicator. (Shown in Fig.

30.) "When in position, the indicator points to slots cast in the to of the incasing T, (shown in Fig. 26,) an thus shows whether the valve is open or shut.

With the grate-bars shown in Figs. 16 to 21, inclusive, the grate-plates are detachable from the front shafts, being bolted there to enable easy introduction into the furnace and to allow of the use of grate-plates fitted for different depths of the furnace and for the nature of the fuel used.

What I claim as new, and desire to cover by Letters Patent, is I 1. In a sectional hot-water or-steam heater,

the combination of means, (firstfior distributing heatinggases equably over the heating I large volumes of low degrees of heat; (third) for the progressive absorption of the heat generated by. the apposition of counter-currents oi heating-gases and feed-water, the

gases being applied progressively to the heat-.

ing-surfaces from the front of the heater to the rear and from a high level of the heater to a low level, the water being introduced at the rear of the heater at a low level andconveyed from the rear to the front of said heater and. from a low level to a high level; (fourth) for preventing the passage of h ating-gases over heat-absorbing surfaces o a temperature higher than the temperature of the gases in contact with the surfaces, thus losing heat to the gases, (fifth) for applying the-most in I tense heat first to-the heat-absorbing surfaces at a high level, and for a progressive application of said gases in horizontal strata of e ual temperatures at progressively-lower *leve s and a final exit of said gases at a low level; (sixth) for inducing a direct updraft in said-heater andfor inducing an indirect plunging-draft in said heater; (seventh) for smoke prevention and for perfecting the combustion of voiatilizcd gases, said seventh-named element comprising means for mixing air with said smoke and gases by over-fire mass of air introduction in divided currents distributed around the periphery of the combustionchamber at a lowl'evel and a vertically-elongated run in the combustion-chamber for mixing and combining air with the voletilized gases; (eighth) for preventing premature loss of heatfrom the fuel at a low level of said heater by interposition of non-conducting means; (ninth) for protecting said means for air introductionfrom destructive heat; (tenth) f or varying the relative areas of the heat-absorbing surfaces receiving directly the radiant heat of the fire, of the so-called-flue-surfaces receiving indirectlythe conveyed heat in the gases, and of the grate-surfaces, said tenth-named element comprising a combustion-chemher and an adjacent heat-economizing cavity and provision for adding to or removing sections in said chamber and in said cavity without damage or loss to the original struc-- ture of said heater; (eleventh) and for preventing the escape of coal-gas from said heater by construction and arrangement of the parts for an eqnilibrious balance of gases of equal densities in horizontal strata at the same levels. I

a water-conveying conduit at a low level, heat-absorbing sections supplied from and rising above said conduit, and gas apertures and passages in said sections, said apertures and passages being contracted in size and constructed, located and disposed to retard the passing of gases tl'rerethrough and to dis 2. In a sectional boiler, the combination of tribute the said gases over the heating-surfaces of said boiler, for preventing short-cir cuiting of said gases through a part'of said passages, and to gain through atmospheric weight and upward pressure acting in said boiler measurable increase of pressure of said gases against. the heating-surfaces of said sections and to gain time for the absorption of the heat from said gases.

3. In a sectional boiler, the combination of a plurality of sections constructed and 10-.

cated to convey currents of heating-gases away from the zone of greatest heat production and to convey water in a current reverse to the route traveled by said heating-gases, the water in said sections progressively absorbing heat of progressively-lowering tern.- peratures in the travel of said gases away from said zone of greatest heat production, the water in the section furthest from said zone and being first introduced in said section, being the coldest and absorbing the lowest degrees of heat, and the water in the section nearest sai -l zone being hottest and absorbing thehigher degrees f heat, said ases not passing over heat-absorbing suraces having a higher temperature than the gases brought unto contact with said. surfaces, a horizontal.water-conduit at a low level of said sections supplying water to said sections, means for regulating the flow of water traversing each section, and a highlcvel conduit eonnecte-l with the top of each section for conveying away the heat absorbed into the water of each s :ction;

4. In a sectional boiler, the mbination of Water-containing sections forming a combustion-chamber, said combustion-chainbcr having a high run free from heat-absorbing surfaces in the line of rising products of combustion, except at a high level, to gain time for perfecting combustion, water-cohtaining sections forming a heat-ecmiomizing cavity, the said chamber and said cavity being separated by a water-containing section impervious to gases between said chamber and said cavity except at the highest level of said chamber, and gas-passages at said high level, said passages being no larger in sizothan is necessary to collectively pass the gases combined in said chamber and being contracted in size and located to spread out the gases laterally over the 'full width of said combustion-chamber at a high level and to gain pressureof l'reating-gases against. the heat-absorbing surfaces of said chamlmr, said cavity having a highly-located i-.\.it for. waste gas ITO and a low exit for waste gas, and said cavity l1eatin -gases and water in counter-currents extendin from said high level to the floorline on w rich the boiler rests.

5. In a sectional boiler, the combination of water-containing sections forming a combustion-chamber having a high run for combining gases, water-containing sections forming a heat-economizing cavity, waste-gas exits at both high and low levels ol' said cav ity, said. chamber and cavity being separated by a water-containing section impervious to gas except at a high level, and'having gasapertures (if-contracted size at a high level for distributing gases and gaining increase of pressure against the heating-surfacs, said cavity being extended to the lloor-line on which the heater rests, and means for introducing ovc rdire air for combustion through the front of said boiler. y

6. In a sectional boiler, the combination of a combustiomchamber having a high run for preventing loss of heat at low levels in said combustion-chamber, and. a heating-cavity, said chamber and said cavity being formed by a front section, a middle section, a rear section, and intermediate combustion-chamber sections, said sections having corrugations cast in the face of such parts of the sece tions as are, exposed to the heat generated, said middle section having at a high level apertures of a restricted size to spread laters ally the gases of combustion, said intermediate sections having wedge-shaped downwardly-prolongcd processes having gas-apertures of restricted size at a high level in said processes and locate-$1 at one side of-the median line of said intermediate sections, said intermediate sections by alternation assembling having said apertures staggered on first one side and then on the other side of said melian line for increasing the line of travel of the heatingases in the 'vault of said combustion-chain er, said rear section having both high and low level exits for the waste gases of combustion.

, 7.In a sectional boiler, the combination of means for ro ressivelv absorbin the heat n t i a traversing said boiler in progressively-locaterl sections, said means comprising contracted apertures and passages intlie sections of said boiler, said apertures being constructed and disposed to spread out laterally over each section the heating gases and to gain increased pressure against the heating-surfaces of each section and to gain time for the absorption of the heat in the gases passing suc. ccssively through the sections of said boiler.

8. In a sectional heater, comprising a highrun combustion-chamber and an adjacent heat-economizing cavity, the combination of a front section, a middle section, a rear section, multiple intermediate sections in the combustion-chamber, and multiple intermediate sections in the heating-cavity, said sections being constructed and formed for the flow-of through said. heater, the water being introduced at the back of the rear section at a low level.

9. In a sectional boiler, the combination of a coinlmstion-chamli'er and an adacent heating-cavity comprising a frontsection, a middle section, a rear section, multiple intermediate coinbustion-ohamber sections, and

multiple intermediate heating-cavity sections, said intermediate sections being perforated with gas-passages of restricted size and disposed to prevent the too free passage of gases through only a few of said passages for spreading the gases the entire width of said boiler and for preventing short-circuiting of .gas through part of the passages to the neglect of other passages and to gain pressure against heating'surfaces.

10. In a sectional boiler, the combination of water-containing sections forming a com bustion-chamber, water-containing sections forming a heat-economizing cavity, and a grate, said sections comprising a front section, a middle section, a rear section, intermediate combustion-chamber sections, and intermediate heat-economizing sections, said intermediate sections heing attachable and detachable without damage or loss to the original structure of said boiler, said grate being extensible, said middle section being impervious to gases except at a high level but aving contracted communicatin passages at said high level, said sections eing constructed and disposed to convey counter currents of heating-gases and water through said boiler without passing said gases over said heating-surfaces of a higher temperature than the gases brought in contact with said surfaces, said water being introduced at a low level and at the rear of said boiler, said combination being for varying the relative areas of heat-absorbing surfaces to gratesurfaces, and to gain increase of efficiency of absorbing heat from the varying "conditions of chimney-draft and rates of combustion.

11. In a sectional heater, the combination of a front section, a middle section, and a rear section, said sections forming a combined furnace and combustion-chamber having a high run and an adjoining heat-economizing cavity, the surfaces of the said front and rear sections where exposed to the heat generated in said heater having corrugations and dependent processes for enlarging the area of heating-surfaces and for forming the vault and sides of said chamber and cavity, said middle section havin no corrugations, but having highly-locate gas-apertures of contracted size, said rear section having both high and low exits for smoke and gas, feedwater being first introduced at a low level of said rear section, the hottest heating-gases being first applied to the heating-surfaces in the upper part of said chamber and then i i 1 s i being a plied at the highest level of said cavity an then being progressively applied in successive strata of declining temperatures to the lowest level of said cavity without again passing over the heating-surfaces of said heater. 1

' 12. In a sectional boilei, the combination of a high-run combustion-chamber and an adjoining heat-economizingcavityconstructed and arranged for the ascent of heatinggases in the combustion-chamber and for their descent in the economizin'g-cavity, a waste-gas exit at a low level of said cavity, said chamber and said cavity being separated by a partition impervious to gas except at a high level, dependent wedge-shaped processes projecting from the. vault of said chamber with the apices directed downwardly, contracted gas apertures at the highest level in the said chamber communicating with said economizing-cavitv and disposed in horizontal relation to pass the gases equably through each-of said apertures and to spread out heatin -gases horizontally in the upper part of said chamber.

13. In a sectional boiler, the combination of a high-run coinbustion-chamber, an adjoining heat-eeonoinizing cavity, said coinbustion-chamber having a front section and a section which divides imperviouslysaid combustion-chainher-from said cavity except as to contracted apertures at a high level, said contracted apertures bein g forspreading gases, said cavity having a rear section hav- "-g both high. and low level gas-exits, inter- ..ediate attachable and, detachable sections for said chamber and said cavity, and push nipples connecting said sections at a high level and at a low level, the push-ni ples. joining the sections of the combustion-chainher being of a smaller caliber than the pushnipples joining the sections forming the said cavity. 1

14. In a sectional boiler, the combination of sections forming a combustion-chamber having a high run and heating-surfaces at a high level open to the im act of the direct radiant heat of the fire, an an adjacent heateconoinizing part containing heat-absorbing surfaces or so-called flue-surfaces for the indirect absorption of the lesser degrees of heat of the heating-gases remaining lathe-gases after leaving said combustion-chamber, said combustion-chamber and said heat-economiz'ing part being se I arated imperviously except at a high leve gas-passages at a high level of contracted size for spreading gases and increasing gas-pressure against absorbing surfaces, said sections being attachable and detachable without damage to the original structure of the boiler, said boiler being substantially free from so-called flue-surface in said combustion-chamber, said sections being arranged for the passing in apposition of heatinggasesand water in counter-currents through said boiler.

15. In a sectional boiler, the combination of a high-run combustion-chamber, dependent processes or deep corrugations in the vault of said chamber for intercepting and holding back risen hot gases and for receiving directly the impact of radiant heat, contracted gas-passages at a high level to spread gas and gain increase of pressure against ab sorbing-surfaces, and flue-surfaces outside of said conibustion-chamber arranged and-dis osed for a temperature of said flue-surfaces ower than the. temperature of the gases in contact with said flue-surfaces, the sections of said boiler being free from said flue-surfaces at levels and positions where the temperature of said flue-surface is higher than the ten'iperature of the gases that are brought in a )pos'ition with said flue-surfaces at said levels and positions.

16. In a sectional boiler, the combination of a combustion-chamber and an accessory heating-cavity, said chamber and said cavity being co inposed of-sections comprising means to increase or decrease their number in said boiler withoutdam age oriess to the original structure of said boiler for varying the relative areas of grate-surface and direct heatabsorbing surfaces for radiant heat to the area of so-cz'tlled flue or indirect heating-surfaces, the heating-surfaces receiving direct radiant heat' irorn the lire being in the said co mbustion-chamber and the surfaces receiving indirectly the hen t from gases being in the said cavity, the sections comprising surfaces receiving directly radiant heat from the fire being substantiall free from flue-surface so called ata level w. ere said surfaces are of a temperature above the temperature of the gases which are brought in contact with said surfaces, the construction and arrangement of said flue-surf aces reventing the passing of gases over sui'faces aving a higher temperature thanthe temperature of gases brought in contact with said surfaces. i

17. In'a sectional boiler, the combination of a combustion-chamber having heatingsurfaces to receive the directly-radiated heat of the fire, at a high level of said chamber but being substantially free from so-called fluesurface in said chamber, and flue heatingsuriaces accessory to said combustion-cham her, said fiue-suriaces being back of said combustion-chamber. opposite to the fuel-feed doors of said boiler and being arranged to re eeive at a high level of said accessory surfaces the heating-gases and to convey the said gases from said high level to or near to the floorline on which said boiler stands and through an exit for waste gas at a lowlevel without said ases being again brought in contact with eating-surfaces of a temperature equal to or higher than the gases brought in coniog - tact with'said surfaces, and a high-level eirit of means for securing a high run for combining gases in said boiler to gain time forcom- 'binmg the gases, means 'for preventing the absorption of heat into the water of -said boiler from said gases before the completion of combustion, means for making application of the greatest intensity of the heat generated and for its absorption at a high level of said boiler, means for securing progressively the absorption of the heat at progressively-increasing horizontal distances i'rom its place of generation and at progressively-lowerlevels and for preventing the repassing of heating gases over absorbing-surfaces of a higher temperature than the temperature of the gases, means for securing accurately the necessary admission of air and its diffusion with the combustible gases traversing said boiler-for the completion ofthe combustion of said gases, means for preventing the shortcircuit ing of the heating-gases through a part only of the gas-passages of said boiler, means for preventing the corrosive immobilization of the parts controlling the functions of said boiler, means for preventing the escape of the gases of combustion through the avenues for air admission, means for varying the relative areas of the heat-absorbing surfaces of said boiler, and means for protecting from de* structive heat the means for introducing air into said boiler, said combination coacting to secure completion inthe combustion processes and the more complete transmission in said boiler of the heat generated.

19. In a sectional boiler, the combination of sections so constructed and disposed as to form a combustion-chamberand also a' heating-cavity, said chamber and said cavity being separated imperviously by a-water-traversing section except as to communicating gas-passages at a high level, the said combustion-chamber having a high run and having dependentprocesses in the vault of said chamber, said processes being pierced by gas-passages of a restricted caliber, some of said sectionsforming said cavity being detachable intermediate heatabsorbing sections,' the sections forming the combustion-chamberbeing constructed to assemble with and coact with means for feeding and cokingfuel at both sides of said combustion-chamber and for moving said fuel to the center of said combustion-chamber and for shaking and dumping said fuel said combination being arranged for securing free access to the front of said boiler and to said combustion-chamber for the management thereof 20. In a sectional boiler, the combination of means for'formin with sections ofsaidboiler a high-run com ustion-perfecting cav- -itv. said cavity and its'formative sections comprising means for the introduction into said cavity of divided currents of air for securing the highest heat in the upper level of said cavity, said combination providing W81? ter-traversing sections so constructed and ar-. ranged as to secure the progressive absorption of heat traversing said'boiler into the water of said sections, the highest heat bein absorbed in the sections nearest the source 0%, heat, and the lowest degree of heat being ab sorbed in the sections farthest from the source of heat, a water-conveying conduit,

each of'said sections being connected 'at a low level with said water-conveying conduit, and

a conduit connecting'all of said sections at their highest level for conveying from said boiler the heat thereinto transmitted, said tion of heat from volatilized gases iassing elements coacting to secure a highi} evolu through said boiler-and a more transmission of the heat generated.

21. In a sectional boiler the compj'nation of sections with water and steam n mplete avities therein, part of said sections formingthe upper part of the dome of a combustion-chamber, part of saidsections forming a heateconomizing cavity, said sections assembling "with and coacting with means for introducing overfuel air for combustion, said combustion-chamber part of said boiler being com. posed of a front section having apertures for rearsection of the combustion-chamber and the front section of the heatmg-cavlty, ntermediate sections 'comprlsing the sides and fuel introduction and apertures for feeding air through said section, a section that is the' vault ofthe combustion-chamberpart, "said I heating-cavity comprising a rear section and intermediate detacbablesections for extendinglthe heat-absorbing surfaces ofsaid'boiler, a

ighly-located exit from said cavity for waste'gases of combustion, and a second exit for eXhaust-gases'located at a low level in said cavity.

22. In a sectional boiler,-the combination of sections so constructed and arranged as to form a'combustion-chamber and also a heating-cavity, said chamber and said cavity being 'impervi'ously divided by a Watertravers ing section except as to gas-passages ata high level, a conduit, for conveying away t e transmitted heat, said sections bein connected at a high level with said con uit, a-

the apertures ofthelast-namcd conduit lead-.

in into the sections of the heating-cavity low-level conduit for conveying water to the.

being relatively large for allowing a free flow of water into the sections of said heatingcavity, the apertures of the conduit leading into the sections of the combustion-chamber 'beingrelatively small to retard the flowof water into the sections comprising the com bustlon-chamber to prevent premature loss of heat in the fuel to the waterin the comform "a high run combustion-chamber, a

heatingcavity of sections arranged to absorb progressively theheat from the heatinggases from the front of said cavity to the rear I of said cavity and from a high level of said cavity to a low level of said cavity, the structure'of saidfsections restricting the How of Water through the sections forming the combustion-chamber for preventing too great reduction of'the heat in said chamber, means for air introduction through the front of said combustion-chamber, and means for protecting said air-introducing means from too much heat, for heating said air and for assisting in the retention of heat in burning gases at a low level of the sections of said chamber.

24. Ina combined sectional boiler and furnace the combination of sections comprising a heating-cavity and a combustion-ch21lnbcr having a high vertical run for securing time and space forair admixture and combination with'volatilized gases and structure for retaining said combined gases in the vault of.

said chamber and forsecuring pressure of said gases against tlie heat-absorbing surfaces of said vault, and means for the introduction of air for combustion through t e front of said combustion-c!iamber and [or its ditl'usion low down in said chamber and for accurately controlling air thus introduced and for preventingthe immobilization through rusting of said controlling means, said sections being constructed for restricting the low of water through the sections forming; the said conibustion-chamber and for gaining a larger flow of water through thesections forming the said heatmgrawty for.

preventing in said boiler the lateral loss of heat from the lower levels of said combustionchalnhcr and for gaining the lteat of a perfected combustion of gases at a high level in said boilerand for the more perfect transmission of large volumes'of low degrees of heat in said heating-cavity.

. 25. In a combined sectional boiler and furnace, the combination of sections forming a heating-cavity, sections forming a combustion-chamber having a high vertical ran, said cavity a .d said chamber being imperviously separated by a water-traversing section except as to communicating gasapertures of a restricted area at a high level in saidlast-named section, and a non-comlz ct ing wall lining the lower surface of said separating-section in the combostion-chamber for preventing the heating of the water in said separating-section at a low level'and thus depriving the-opposite absorbing-surfaces of said section in the heating-cavity of heat-absorbing abilities for absorbing heat of low. degrees of temperature.

26. In a steam or hot-water heater, the combination of sections forming a combustion-chamber having a high run, dependent processes in the vault of said chamber, staggered apertures of restricted caliber in said processes, means for introducting air around the periphery of said chamber and for accurately controlling said air both as to amount and continuity of introduction, means for protecting the. lower sides of the section ofthe combnstion-chamber from excessive heat and'for protecting said air-introducing means from destructive heat, sections forming a heating-cavity adjacent to said chamber,gas-passages-at'ahighlevel between said chamber and said cavity, the sections forming said cavity being constructed and-disposed to spread the heating-gases over the full w idt h of said cavity and for progressively losing heat to said sections commencing at said gas-passages and extending to the sections farthest from said passages and'for losing heat progressively to all the sections of-said cavity tronr a high levelto a. low level, a highly-located gas-exit for said cavit and a low gas-exit for said cavity, cont-rolling-dampers to said exits, and rods for the control of said dampers carried to the front of said heat(- r, mcans on said sections coacting with said rods for'holding said rods in desired positions, and means [or preventi ng escape ol" coal-gas from said combination against the upward action of atmospheric press;.1'c inclcding a check-drait, said sections being connected with push-nipples at a high level and at a low level, the push nipples of the sectiims forming the heatingcavity being of larger diameter, the pushnipples ol the sections forming the combos lion-chamber being of small diameter, said variation in the size of the. push-nipples being for var 'ing the recipient temperatures of the water in the various sections and to prevent some lateral transmission of heat low down in said combi:stion-chamber, said sections being attachable and detachable for varying the relative areas of heat-absorbing surfaces to the grate-sz'rlace used in combination with said boiler, the various sections, gaspassagcs and coacting parts being so constructed and disposed as to maintain in said combination an ({(lhillbliOtiS balance of, gases of up at temperatire in horizontal strata.

27. in ascctionalboiler and in combination therewith, sections containing gas-traversing apertures of contracted area, said apertures having an inverted-V-shaped formation-at their lowest level for preventing the depositionand accumulation of dust insaid.apertufts from the gases carried through passagcs'of' said boiler. I

28. In a combined sectional boiler andi'urnace, the coi'nbination of sections Forming a 'roo tions comprising attachable and detachable intermediate combustion-chamber sections and attachable and detachable intermediate heating-cavity sections, said sections being chamber, and for constructed and disposed for a restricted circulation of water through the sections forming the combustion-chamber and for a larger flow of water through the sections formingthe heating-cavity, and means for introducing, conveying and diffusing 'air for admixture with volatilized gases around the lower part of the inner peripher of said pieventing the ownward flow of hot gases t ough said means against the up er pressure of atmosphere and for control ing the air thus introduced and for preventing immobilization of said controlling means through rusting and for protecting from excessive heat such air-introducing means.

29. In a sectional water or steam boiler comprising a combustion-chamber and an adjacent heat-economizing cavity means for restricting the flow of water through the sections forming the said combustion-chamber for preventing imperfect combustion through a too rapidloss of heat from the fuelin said chamber at .a low level, and means for setion,

curing a full flow of water thro'ug h thesections orming the said heatin -cav1tyf0r providing water of a low or goo recipient temperature in the sections of the said heat economizing cavity.

30. In a sectional at a low level a conduit connected with each section at a high level, means for controlling the flow of water into each section or-each group of sections havin analogous functions, means for burning fue ,means for admixing air in divided currents with volatilized gases, a high-run combustion-chamber, said sections bein constructed, arranged and disposed to distribute the gases of combustion over the whole of the heat-absorbing surfaces of each section and to absorb the heat of said gases water or steam boiler, the combmation of individual sections, a water-condult connected with each SGG'GIOIL progressively from the location of most intense heat generation away from said locasaid construction comprisin tracted gas-passages, the Water in t e sections nearest to said location being the hottest and the Water in the section farthest from said location of heat generation'being the coolest. 1

Signed at New York, N. Y., this 21st day of December, 1905.

I JOSEPH M. W. KITCHEN. Witnesses:

GEO. L. WHEELOCK,

THOMAS HILL Low.

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