US837989A - Combustion-engine. - Google Patents

Description

PA'TENTBD DEC. 11, w06.

C. WBIDMN. COMBUSTON ENGSNE.

APPLoATIo maan MAY so, 5904.

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PATENTED DEC. 11, 1905.

GOMBUSTXON ENGINE.

PPLGATION FILED MAY zo, 1904.

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.exact CARL WIDMANN. OF GREVENBERG, Gfliiiiti.

CDMBUSTlONENGHNE Specification of Letters Patent.

atenteci. Dec. ifi., it,

Application led- May 20, 1904. Serial No. 208835.

Be 1t known that l, CARL WEIDMANN, en-

,igineer'and assistant in the Royal Polytechnicum at Aix-la-Chapelle, a subject of the Kin of Prussia, German E1n eror, residing at (rrevenberg, near AiX-la-C lapelle, in the Kingdom of Prussia, Empire of Germany, have invented certain new and useful lmprovements in Combustion-Engines; and I do hereby declare the following to be a full, clear, and exact description of' the invention, such as will enable others skilled in the art to which it appertains to make and use the same.

My present invention relates to combus- .the `eomlnistibles must be compressed in a separate pump, the cooling ol" the conibustibles within thc Working,r cylinder itseli cannot be done thoroughly enough, as 1n said lcylinder. they cannot be suliicicntly influenced by the cooling medium.

It well known that in combustion-engines wherein the compression oi' the combustibles, as well as thecmnpression of the air, takes place separately great diiiiculties are encountered in transferring the compressed combustibles to the working cylinder' after compression has taken place, as practically it is impossible to always create within the coinpression-chamber of the pump the pressure required tor the correct overflow. i'.

ln the combnstion-enginc described below the air is coin pressed in the working cylinder, whereas the combustibles are compressed in a separate puiiii' ,witli,` `tlte -especial View that the air and the combustibles show approximatelyr the same 'pressurmv lesidos this a very intensive compression ,canV be obtained by arranging;u an '..exceptinnally well cooled chamber, destincdfffoifthe :reception of the coinlnistibles, in a similar manner-as in rocciVer-engincs, thus btaining not only a highcompression,,but alsol excluding the possibility oif a premature ignition taking place.

"lln's engine further o'ilors the means tor `View on the line 3 3 ci Fig. i.

obtaining an conipulsorily-regulated cornbue-lr tion-Ji. e., lthe combustion of the combustibles depends entirely on compulsorily-actu-I ated parts oi the engine, whereas in explosive-engines the combustion of the whole of'v the co1nln1st1b-les1s left to its ovm devices after.'

they have been` brought to ignition, which in such engines takes place at one point. Un account of the equal pressures ci the and the combustibles obtained by the aid or". this Inode ci regulation the comliustibles necessary for the combustion need not be pressenl7 into the working cylinder against the pressure existing in the latter, but simplyneed to be. pushed from one compression-chamber to another-fi. from the che,

In the accompanying drawings, li ure t is a vertical longitudinal sectional View of. the combustion-engine, and Fig. 2 is an end. yiew of the saine. Fig, 3 is a cross-sectional liig. -t a similar vien/on the line il ci Fig. 5 is another cross-sectional View on the line 5 of Fig. l. Figs. 6, 7, 8, and 9 are diagrams showing the relative positions of the cranks and the cam .employed for operating the several pistons at' the different stages of the work. I y Y The crank-shaft l is suitably journaled in a well-known manner in the vbase 2 of the coinbristicii-engine, upon which the ira-me 3 thereof is secured. This fraine contains the Working cylinder 4: and the ump-cylinder 5. `lNill1in the cylinder Li p the piston connected with the crank 7 of the the connecting-rod l2, whose upper enel is A y A r. containingthe combustibles to the coin;` astice-chamber. win vb"transfer can' the same pressure connected with the iistoni 0 by means of the pin lb, seated in said piston i0. il is about twenty to thirty degrees in advance of the crank i".

To the left ot the base 2 e helical Wheel i4 is sealed upon the crank-shaft i and meshes with a similar wheei l5, keyed tp the viTc-rtical .shall 1o, which is held to the hase of the engine and to the working cylinder i by ineens The cranh i vofthe brackets l? and 18, respectively.

Above the bracket 18 another helical wheel 19 is keyed to the shalt t6 and meshes with a similar wheel 2t), seatedupon a cani-shaft 2], running )arallel to the crank-shalt l :ind making the saine nuinbei` oll revolutions per minute as' the crank-shaft l. 'llie canishal't 21 is journaled iii the brackets .22 and 215, of Whiehthe former is secured to the cylinder 4 and the latter to the cylinder (See Figs. and 4.)

When the piston G has nearly finished its' downstroke,.it uncovers the exhaust-ports 24, through which the residue of the prod ucts of con'ibuston ol the previous combustion` can escupe into the annular casing 25, whence they may be lcd to any desirable point by means of the pipe 26.

in the cover 27 of the cylinder t is sented an air-valve 28, whose stein 2l) is :ittiiclied to the one end of the lever 3() pivoted iii` the briiclcet .31, which is secured to the cylindercover 27.' With theotlier end olthe lever 3l) is connected a rod 32, whose lower end is held in position by an arm 253, pivotsllvatarched to the side olf the cylinder 4. The airwalve 28 is liept, on its seat by means of the spring 34, placed between the arm 33 and the, bracket 35, secured to the side ol' the cylinder 4. 'l`he lo'wcr end of the rod 32 's I)rovided with :i friction-roller 36, contactfl ing` with a cani 257, secured to the cfimshiil`t El. rl`o the c vliiider-covei' 27 is fastened i1 pipe connected with a blower (not shown) lui'nishii'ig air under u slightly higher than itt/inoslpheric pressure. lug. il shows the airwa ve 28 partly opened, so that the slightly-eompressed air l'i'oni the blower can enter the working cylinder 4 find blow the last triitces ofthe products of the previous' combustion through the exliii ust-ports 24 into i'lie annular easing 25.

in the cover Si!) oll the pump-cylinder 5 is sented ii. suction-vulve 4t) und is kept to its seni, by ihe spring ftl, surrounding the valvestenfeti, towhich is pivotally attached the one cnil oll the leve!l #15. 'lhis lever is pivoted in the lil-ticket. 44, attached to the cover 3*.) :ind its tree end connected 'with a rod 45 carrying iii its lower end u l'riction-roller fttl. ln'order to prevent the louer end ol` the rod 4.? ii'oni` leaving the eiini 47, un :tiin 4S is pimtiilly connected with thc bi'zicket lttt on theorliider 5. itee l"i'; f. 1.7) s inziv be seen in the lust-inlined figurey the \:il\'le 4t) is keptl open until the piston lt) has reached its inner deuil-point, so thnt gus cnn l'i'eelv enter' the cylinder 5 through the pipe 5d. As the piston l() commences` its upstroke eui'lier t mn the piston l on :ir-count olI the crztnl-z ll being in advance ot' the crunli .7, it lol res tiint it must linish its upstrolie. too` thun the piston l does, 'lo pri-vent the coiiipfcstoii ol. the fais in the fd ein indei' 5 coiiiiniiicing' curlici [hun tliiA coniprossimi of the air in the working cylinder 4,I the suction-valve 4() is kept open by means ol the cam 47. ln doing so a part of the gas drawn into the cylinder 5 during the downsrolic oll the piston l() will return into the pipe 5() at the beginning olA the upstrok'e ol the piston l0. 'lliis escape ol the gas into said pipe, in hiel, continues until the piston (S covers the 4exhaust-ports 24 on its upstioke. As soon as the exhaust-ports are sluit otl' by the piston (i the air-valve and the suction-valve 4() are shut o'tlI simultaneously, so thatthe compression of the gas, as well :is olt the nir, begins at the same moment.

Between. the working cylinder 4 andthe punipuzyliiider 5 a chamber 5] for the reception ol the compressed combustibles is arranged, which chamber has the shape of a Hat pipe and is provided with a cooling-jacket 52, into which the cooling medium enters through the pipe 5.5 and leuves it on the opposite end provided with any suitable mea'iis to regulate the llow ol' the cooling medium throu h the cooling-jacket chamber 5l is provided with an automatic check-valve 56, opening into the chamber 51, whereas the other end 57 is attached to a displacer-cylinder 5kb', communicating with the interiorof the cylinder 4 by meansof the port 5t), which is made wide enough to leave a narrow opening above and below the displacerpiston (3() when the latter takes up its lowest position. By this arrangement the displacerpiston 6() is balanced to a high degree, for which reason it can be easily started and moved. The free end of the piston-rod 61 is connected .with a lever 62, pivot-ally secured to the bracket 63, carried bythe cylinder 4. rThe free end ofthe lever G2 is provided With a friction-roller 64, running in a groove 65 of the cain-disk t, seated upon the cannshaft 2l, so that the motion of the displacer-piston (it) is always under the control of the grooved cam-disk 6th 'lhe working cylinder 4 is also Gthnected with the end 55 ol` the chamber 51 by means ol the 'valve 67, whose stem 6X is surrounded .the'cylint'ler 4 and the one end of the le'ver 7l Vwhich is pivotally secured to the cylinder ll by means ol' the bracket 72. The other end ol' the lever 7l earries'a rictionq'oller 73, which is keptV in eontactvvith the can! 74, sented upon thecam-shaftl. rl`he val've is :ilwuli's closed during the time compression takes place in the ijfli-nders 4 and 5.

During the compression loll the gas the httl ter enters the chamber 5l by raising the I check-valve 5o, bet-:inse the'compression in the cylinder 5 has :i tende-novio advance j quicker than the connprssion in the working l cylinder ft, as there exists a t'iii' smaller clearainee-space in the cylinder 5 than in' the cylinthrough the pipe 54.' These pipes may bev 'lhe end 55 of tie.

by si, spring (it), placed between the. boss 7U of senese gas is present to keep it open. As after the i closing of the checkwalye 56 the piston 6 is still advancing-the Vcontents of the cylinder 4, oi the cylinder 58, and of the chamber l 'are still further compressed, during which period oi compression the gas contained in i the chamber 51 will be moved toward the end 4fier 5, l

of the latter by means of the compressed air iressed into the other end of the chamber 5l y the piston 6. A

As soon as the )iston 6 reaches its u per dead-point the relief-valve 67 will be lifted oil vits seat by meansvof the cam 74. Simulwill be raised by'mean's of the cani-disk 66, whereby the displacer-piston will close the port 59 while moving upward, thus sevcrine; the connection between the cylinder 4 and the end 57 of the chamber 5i., and simultaneously therewith the contents of the dis-` placeocyhnder 58 and those of .the chamber' 5l are pushed toward the cylinder 4, serving here as combustiou-chamber. it is evident that in doing so the contents of the chamber 5l lyingnext to the valve 67 will enter the eylilioier l first and lill thespace between the piston 6 and the cylinder-.cover 27, and as this part ci the contents of the chamber 5l is composed oi'gas the latter can after entering the cylinder iY and mixing' with the air containcdthercin be ignited in any desirable or known manner, so that the ges willv be burned upon entering the Working cylinder 4. ,Dub ing the time combustion takes place the piston 6 pursues Vits downstroke, and. to prevent an undue increase or decrease of pressure the rlisplaecr piston 60 must move with a speed bearing a certain ratio to the speed of the. working piston 6 while pushing the gas into the working cylinder. 4. Y

After .ali the has been burned the expansion oi' the products ol' combustion contained in lire cylinder l begins and continuos v/lzilc the piston (i moves downward. tineously therewith the piston ll) is on its downs-woke :imi draws the necessary quan tiiy olh gjm; lor tlf Heigl. elle into the cylin hiring tino (lownstrolco of the piston .is-uiuc@opiston60, tombogins ils dow? stroke filler il. has pushed :.ll the comhu bhino the vomhustionwhambei, which in this inslunf-o if; the cylinder ll itself. The

vnlvful is nrw.' closed too. As soon as tho piston (i has passed tho exhaust-pome the l'iiinulpiston eorrespongiin to .airin the cylinder 4 and cycle of operations described above can recommence.

To show at a glance the relative positions ol" the three pistons 6, 10, and 60 during the dilferent stages of the work, the crank-dia- (rams gshown in Figs. 6, 7 8,'and 9) have Veen at ded, in which each piston is represented by its crank or cam, a method usually employed to ascertain the movement of a a given angular motion of the ,crank riving it. To simplify matters, the parts used in the diagrams are desi Hated by the same numbers as the parts of Lne drawings they represent. It will be noticed thatl the cam-disk 66 is shown in these ligures as being seated upon the shaft 1. This does not, however, influence the. correctness of the following statements, as the cam-shaft 2l and the crank-shaft 1 not only make Ithe same number of revolutions per minute, but also rotate in the seme direction. i Commencing with Fig. 6,it will be seen that the crank l1, aswell as the crank 7,1noves upward,'while the friction-roller 64 rests upon the hi host part ofthe cam-disk 66. Consequcnt y the pistons 1() and 6 are on their upstroke while the displacer-piston is at rest in its lowest position, for which reason the port 59 is open, the valves 28, 40, and 67 are lcloserhand the compression. in the cylinders 4 and 5 taires place, whereby the cheek-valve 56 isltept open, so that the compressedgasv can enter into the .chamber 51, while the compressed air enters into the chamber 51 by way of the port 59 and displacercyl inder. f in Fie. 7 the'erank 11 has reached its upper dead-point while the crank. 7 still ascends and the lever 62 remains in the same position as shown in F ig. 6, which facts show that the piston 10 has reached its upper dead-point while the piston 6 is still on its upstroke and the piston 60 remains in the position shown in Fig'. l. After the piston lOhas completed. its upstroke the check-valve 56 must close and the pressure in the chamber 51 must rise, since the piston 6 still compresses the. presses it through the port 59 into the end 57 of the chamber 51. The valve 67 is'still closed.

Fig. 8 shows that the piston l() is on its downstroko while the piston 6 has reached the upper dead-point and'is ready to begin its downstroko. The displacer-pistou now begins to ascend and to `close 'the port 59. Corresponding to these positions ofthe pistons 6 and 6() the valve 67 is now opened and the piston 6() presses the -combustibles into thc working cylinder 4 to burn there upon entering, after which expansion takes place. The piston l() `descends,'and thereby draws anew volume or gas into the' cylinder 5 through the valve 4l) for the neigt charge.

lCO

tion with a pump-cylinder and a' Working cylinder of a cooled pipe-like chamber for the.

reception of the `Compressed combustible communicating alternately at the one end with said Working cylinder and at the other end at one time with said pump-cylinder and" at another time With said working cylinder;

a relief-valye to open into said cooled pipe-- like chamber while the combustible is entering the latter and to close when the eonihustible has entered said pipe-like chamber; a displacer-piston situated at the end ol said .cooled pipe-like chamber lying opposite the -one Where said relief-valve 1s arranged and capable of establishing a f zon'nnuuieatien beg tween said Working cylinder and' said pipellke chamber when in one end position and pushingr the Acompressed combustible into the Working' cylinder while moving into ite` other end position alter having closed the communication with the Working cylinder; and a mechanically-operated valve for admitting the compressed combustible into said Working cylinder when the combustible is pushed 2 5y ley seidreplaeer-piston and arranged at the end of said cooled pipe-like cham er4 Where said relief-Valve is situated.

3. A combustion-engine comprisingincom-A hination a Working cylinder; apump-cylinder; a cooled pipe-like chamber for the' reception of .the compressed coinbustibie communieating alternately at the one end with said Working cylinder and at the other end at one time with said puinp-eylinder and atY another time with said Working cylinder; a Coolingcombustiblenlet' Velve for admitting the oombustibleto said pump-cylinder; a relief Valve admitting the compressed combustible to said cooled pipe-like chamber; a displacer piston admitting the. compressed air to said cooled pipe-like chamber when in one end 'position and pushing the com `ressed combusinto its other end position: in the op osite direction it entered said cooled pipei e chama mechanically-operated Valve for admitting the compressed combustible tothe workin@r cylinder means for operating the last-name name to this specioation in the presence of two subscribing witnesses.

CARL WEIDBMNN.

Witnesses Hmm? QUADFLUG, l RUDOLF MLLER. i

jacket surrounding said pi e-like chamber;

ber; means for operating said dispiaoeiupiston3 tible into said Working cylin er. While moving valve; exhaust-ports arranged in the Walls of In testimony W ereof I have signed my

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