US837017A - Pyrophoric alloy. - Google Patents

Pyrophoric alloy. Download PDF

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Publication number
US837017A
US837017A US18288403A US1903182884A US837017A US 837017 A US837017 A US 837017A US 18288403 A US18288403 A US 18288403A US 1903182884 A US1903182884 A US 1903182884A US 837017 A US837017 A US 837017A
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alloy
pyrophoric
iron
cerium
rare earth
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US18288403A
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Carl Auer Von Welsbach
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C28/00—Alloys based on a metal not provided for in groups C22C5/00 - C22C27/00

Definitions

  • My invention relates to a manufacture of metallic alloys having pyrophoric action and their application to the purposes of ignition and illumination.
  • the rare earth metal cerium becomes pyrophoric if alloyed with certain other metals, in particular iron. Even with a very small percentage ofiron the alloy gives off of pyrophoric energy.
  • the iron can be partially replaced by nic el or cobalt; butif the iron have erty is considerab diminished.
  • the preparation of the said alloys can readily carried out if ironin a finely-divi these the pyro horic' urning of. which takes place with exceeding ciable to the hand, are ob. able of.
  • the sparking can be produced not only by abrasion, but also by concussive action.
  • rare earth metals such as lanthanum and the like; but for the purposes of this invention the presence of the cerium is relied upon as essential for the development of the pyrophoric properties of the the resultant alloy.
  • it is rac- V tically essential for the production 0 the commercial results contemplated by this invention that where any other of the rare earth metals is used in making u the iron alloy it shall be associated with cerium and that un-' less cerium is present the pyrophoric prop- /erties of the alloy are insufficient for the uses herein contemplated.
  • Commercial lanthanum for instance, is frequently associated. 1
  • a pyrophoric alloy containing cerium alloyed with thirtyper cent. --of iron; substantially as and for the p oses described.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Treatment Of Steel In Its Molten State (AREA)

Description

: TED s'rawnnr onrion.
x Specification of Letters Patent.
Patented Nov. 27, 1906.
Application filed November 27, 1903. Serial No. 182,884
To all whom, it may concernq Be it known that I, CARL AUER VON WELs- EACH, chemist, of IV Wiedner-Hauptstrass'e 5?,aVienna, and of Rastenfeld, Austria,
Hungary, have invented certain new and useful Im rovements in Pyrophoric Alloys, of which t e following isa specification.
My invention relates to a manufacture of metallic alloys having pyrophoric action and their application to the purposes of ignition and illumination.
It has been variously assertedthat the rare earth metals have the roperty of giving off particles that are se -igniting in the air when scratched with a hard sharp substance. Experiments which I have made in this di rection show, however, thalrthese statements are erroneous, as I have found that the rare earth metals when ure do not show this peculiar pro erty-an'd that the non-ignition of the said etached particles under certain circumstances rather indicate the urity of the earth metal. Ihave discovered, owever,
that the rare earth metal cerium becomes pyrophoric if alloyed with certain other metals, in particular iron. Even with a very small percentage ofiron the alloy gives off of pyrophoric energy.
' be entirely replaced by rapidity sparks onbeing rubbed with a file. As the percentage of iron is increased the sparking ecomes more intense, eventually becoming .a shower and resulting me very luminous de-' velopment of light. With about thirty per cent. of iron the alloy attains its maximum It is in this condition so sensitive that it' only requires tobe slightly touched with a file to give ofi an intense shower of sparks, though somewhat less luminous than with a lower percentage of iron. 3
In these allo s the iron can be partially replaced by nic el or cobalt; butif the iron have erty is considerab diminished.
small particles separated by friction, t e
and without any development of heat appre v ighiting in-a very prompt and reliab e manner combustible gases mixed with-- air.
The preparation of the said alloys can readily carried out if ironin a finely-divi these the pyro horic' urning of. which takes place with exceeding ciable to the hand, are ob. able of.
be ded condition be added to the cerium while the l latter is still in a molten state in the decomposing cell (wherein it has been reduced from its com ound in the well-known manner) and whi e the passage of the electric current through the molten metal is still maintained. The iron under these circumstances readily dissolves in the cerium and the alloy produced can be run into molds under the exclusion of air. I
The sparking can be produced not only by abrasion, but also by concussive action.
It will be understood that instead of using cerium alone as the metal to be alloyed the iron or its equivalent I may use in conjunction therewith one or more of the other:
metals usually known as rare earth metals, such as lanthanum and the like; but for the purposes of this invention the presence of the cerium is relied upon as essential for the development of the pyrophoric properties of the the resultant alloy. In other words, it is rac- V tically essential for the production 0 the commercial results contemplated by this invention that where any other of the rare earth metals is used in making u the iron alloy it shall be associated with cerium and that un-' less cerium is present the pyrophoric prop- /erties of the alloy are insufficient for the uses herein contemplated. Commercial lanthanum, for instance, is frequently associated. 1
with cerium as an incident to its mode of manufacture, inasmuch as it is generally pro-- duced from sources containing cerium, an it is the presence of the cerium in the final alloy that is e sential in every case to the invention herein claimed. I
What I claim is- I 1. A-pyrophoric alloy, containing ceriusm,
alloyed with iron; substantially as and for the purposes described.
'2. A pyrophoric alloy, containing cerium alloyed with thirtyper cent. --of iron; substantially as and for the p oses described.
.In witness whereof I have ereunto signed my name, this 10th day of November: 1903, in the presence of two subscribing witnesses.
CARL AUER VON WELSliACH Witnesses: ALVESTO S. Hoetm,
LEML. Hmrs.
US18288403A 1903-11-27 1903-11-27 Pyrophoric alloy. Expired - Lifetime US837017A (en)

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Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2444849A (en) * 1946-01-11 1948-07-06 Alfred F Reilly Flint
DE2003749A1 (en) * 1969-01-24 1970-07-30 Philips Nv Hydrides with the formula ABnHm

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2444849A (en) * 1946-01-11 1948-07-06 Alfred F Reilly Flint
DE2003749A1 (en) * 1969-01-24 1970-07-30 Philips Nv Hydrides with the formula ABnHm
US4242315A (en) * 1969-01-24 1980-12-30 U.S. Philips Corporation Hydrides of the formula ABn Hm

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