US836529A - Furnace for burning liquid fuel. - Google Patents

Description

PATENTE'D NOV. 20,1906.

v B'. H. PEABODY- v FURNACE 1- 011 BURNING LIQUID'FUEL.

APPLIGATION FILED AUGJS. 1904.

222M @(1 anew: omimomn W w ERNEST P'EABODY, on NEW roan,

FURNACE FOR BURNENG LlQUlD FUEL.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented Nov. 20, me

Application filed August 15. 1904. Serial No: 220,785.

To all whom; "it may concern:

Belt known that I, ERNEST H. PEABODY, a citizen of the Umted States, and a resldent of New York city, borough of Manhattan, in v the county and State of New York, have invented a new and useful Improvement in Furnaces for Burning Liquid Fuel, of which the following is a specification. l

T his invention relates to furnaces for burning atomized liquid fuel; and it consists in certain novel structures and devices especially adapted therefor which are pointed out in the claims concluding this specification.

The various methods of burning fuel may be divided into three.,distinot classes first,

that in which thefuelywhether solid or liquid, is stationary; second, that in which the fuel is introduced in the form of a gas or is so finely subdivided that it burns like a gas with flameless combustion, and, third, that in which the liquid fuel is introduced in the form of spray and burns with flame. My

present invention relates to the last-named method. The practical art of burning such sprayed fuel differs radically from and in volves problems not present in the art of burning stationary fuel (whether liquid or solid) or the art of burning gas or oil atom ized to such a degree as to produce, like gas, fiameless combustion. This difference is due to the fact, among other things, that when stationary fuel is used the fuel is widely distributed and at rest on the grate-bars, and the products of combustion. are controlled by "the furnace-draft alone and that when gas is, used or flameless combustionotherwise produced questions of momentum and slow combustion do not enter into the problem. When, on the-contrary, sprayed liquid fuel is used, the combustion is slow and the distribution of the products of combustion is controlled not by the furnace-draft alone, but also and mainly by the direction and momentum of the injected moving fuel and its great expansion when passing from the liquid .to the gaseous condition. Furthermore, in the case of sprayed liquid fuel energy is nec essarily consumed in subdividing it and injecting it into the furnace, and to diminish the energy thus consumed is a matter of prime importance. For those reasons, among others, furnaces which are well adapted, when using stationary or gaseous fuel to distribute the hot gases uniformly over and throughout the body of the water-tubes cannot be effectively used with sprayed liquid fuel burned with flame, particularly when operated at high capacities, for the reason that the heated gases concentrate on certain portions of the tubes, quickly burning them out and resulting in other losses. 1 Thisdifficulty l have sought to overcome by the use of certain forms of bridge-walls and baffleplates; but these devices have proved inadequate. When, however, constructed as hereinafter described, the boiler may be highly forced without local overheating of the exposed tube-surfaces. No baflie or target wall is required. The flame is thoroughly distributed through the furnace, the gases eX. pand and burn with substantial'coinpleteness before being cooled by the boiler-tubes below the temperature of ignition, and the amount of steam for atomizing the oil'may be reduced to the minimum, thus giving greatly-improved net results in evaporation of water per pound of oil after deducting the percentage of steam used in atomizing.

Oils of the lighter varieties, such as the Texas, Ohio, and Pennsylvania oils, running in specific gravity from 22Baum up, can be gasified or atomized to the point of giving nameless combustion without the use of avery excessive amount of steam or other atomiz ing medium in the burners. Under these conditions the oil is easily handled, and the form of the furnace is comparatively of slight importance. On the contrary, heavy residuums and the heavy natural oils of Calil'ornia, running as low as 12 or 14 Baum cannot be gasilied or atomized fine enough to give flameless combustion without using so much of the gasifying or atomizing agent as to make this method of handling so expensive as to be prohibitive. Such oil is there fore when sprayed into the furnace burned with a considerable quantity of flame, and in order to obtain maximum efficiency and to insure high capacity without injury to the generator the form of the furnace and method of admitting the oil and distributing the resulting flame throughout the furnace is of vital importance. Moreover, if the furnace is constructed so as to economically and safely handle a large amount of flame the quantity of steam used for atomizing the oil can be reduced to a minimum, thus produc:

ing a direct'saving in. the cost of atomizing.

too

It has been found, further, that a'furnace which is adapted for handling heavy oils with considerable flame s also more economical n the use of light o1ls,wh1ch can also In the drawings, which form a part of this specification, Figure l-represents a side view of a steam-generator of the type referred to and shows the relative arrangements of the vparts for using liquid fuelin its furnacechamber in accordance with my invention.-

' Fig. 2 is a plan view of the base or floor of the chamber, showin the relative position and means for admittlng the constituents of the fuel .'to the chamber. Fig. 3 is an enlarged view, partly in section, of the specific details of; construction of the base of the chamber and the connected fuel-feeding devices and supports. Fig. 4 is a transverse section of Fig. 3 on the line 4.

The following is a description of the structure shown in the accompanying drawings, Which illustrate my invention, applied in the form at present preferred by me; but it will "be understood that various modifications and changes may be; made therein without departing from the spirit of my invention and without exceeding the scope of my claims.

The main parts of the steam-generator shown consist of the furnace-space 1, the group of inclined water-tubes 2, which are connected to headers 3, that communicate with the elevated steam and water drum 4 by means of the do'wnflow -pipes 5 at the rear S to the chamber.

and the riser-pipes or ni ples 6 at the front. A bridge-wall 7 is provided forming the rear end. of the furnace-chamber. A roof 8 is provided, covering the smalleror' lower end of the bridge-wall 7, and baffles or partitions'g are placed transversely of the group of tubes 'to direct the products of combustion to cross and recross the tubes to the uptake. The arrow 34 indicates the direction of the draft leaving the furnace-chamber opposed to the direction of the entering fuel. In the adaptation of my invention to this type of steamgenerator' the furnace-door opening 10 is partially closed and fitted with a peep-hole Supplemental peep-holes are also. shown at 11 in the side walls of the chamber.

Thebase or floor of the 'cha1nber'is'com-. posed of a layer of fire-brick 12 or other suitable device, supported upon ordinary grategradually increased in the line of the the oil projected from the burner.

bars 13,' commonly used in boiler-furnaces.

As shown in-the plan view, Fig. 2, the floor or base is made practically air-tight for a greater portion of its area and is provided with a series of openings 14 at the rear or lower part of the chamber and directly under the fuelburner 15. These opemngs are arranged to admit the air in a suitable location with relationto the escape of the liquid fuel from the burner -15, the number of openings being path of being'too highly heated by special The fuel-feeding apparatus with its con nections and su ports and regulating-valves and'connected burner and the annular airinclosing space and distributing-openings leading to the furnace-chamber are shown in Fig. 1 and in enlar ed parts in Figs. 3 and 4. The liquid-fuel-de" steam and air pi arranged beneat suspended by the es 18 23 surrounding it are the floor of the furnace and grate-bearers 27, as shown in Figs. 1 and 3. The steam-pipe 18 communicates with the steam-space of the steamdrum 4 by the pipe 19, which is provided with a stop-valve 20. The oil enters through the inner pipe 21, which is alsoprovided with a regulating-cock 22 and which is incased within pipe 23 of larger diameter, which provides an air-jacket around the oil-pipe. tween the inlet-valves and 22 a branch connection or by-pass 24 is provided, which is also provided with a stop-valve 25. v

The liquid-fueldelivery pipe 21, which, with the steam and air pipes 18 23 surrounding it, constitutes the shank of the burner 15, is arranged to ass from the front to the rear of the furnace elow the floor through a sheetiron. trough or slideway 26, which is suported by the regular grate-bearersv 27,, the atter having appropriate 0 enings 28 provided for this purpose, as shown in Fig. 4. The sheet-irontrou h grating 29 toward t e rear, as shown in Fig. 3, so that the up ward'flow of the air for combustion is not interrupted, while at the same time the burner is supported throughout its entire length and {can be guided into position at the rear of the grating 29, where it is tulrned upward ninety degrees through the slot-like opening 30 in the brickwork, (shown in Fig. 2,). thus bringing the ti of the burner a few inches above the brick' oor of the furnace in such a way as to-blow the jet of mingled steam and oil in-a reverse'direction arallel .to the shank of'the burner. The va ves 26 extends only to the,

ivery pipe 21 and the' Bee 20 and 22 for controlling the steamand oil are located at. the front of the furnace, at which point the operation of the burner is watched and controlled precisely the same as in the old-type settings. By disconnecting one on the oil and one two unions 31 "and 32, on the steam pipe, the burner can be easily removed by withdrawing it'through the sheetiron slideway 26. The burner shown gives a broadflat flame, the steam and oil being injected through parallel horizontal slots 10-" cated in the tip. in its passage through the shank of the burner the oil is prevented from- Ineans of a pipe 23, which separates the oil-pipe 21 from the steam-space, thus providing an annular airjacket around the oil-pipe. This fuel-feeding apparatus and the type of'burner shown is not erein claimed. It, however, fills the. requirements of the form of furnace and method of operation described.- and claimed.

In racticing the method herein described and c aimed I wish it tobe understood that said method is not intended to be limited in practice with the kind of combustion-chamber shown and referred to as the preferred form in the descriptive matter of the specification, as the method of operation claimed can be effected in other forms of chamber with the similar relative arrangement described of the exposed heating-surface with the path. of the projected fuel and its dissemination by the effect of the furnace-draft, and whereby a forced combustion is permitted without injury to the heating-surface, which is an important feature of my invention.

It .will be observed that the gases between their entrance among the tubes and their exit therefrom pursue passes among the tubes separated from each other by the deflectors 9 9. That portion of the furnace-chamber 1 lying vertically beneath the first pass' corresponds in size and position withthe fire-box of the ordinary coal-burning boiler of this type.

That portion of the furnace-chamber which is not vertically beneath said first pass (formed by movin the-bridge-wall 7 back from the position which it ordinarily occupies under the forward deflector 9) constitutes a rearward extension of said fire-box and forms a fuel-chamber from which the oil under ste ampressure is projected horizontally toward the front of the furnace, and the air-openings in the bottom of which fuel-chamber provide an upward draft of air beneath said projected fuel, which by the time the projected fuel has reached the fire-box proper or area beneath the pass into the. tubes produces an upwardly-inclined flame equably distributed over the area of said pass. This construction enables the operator, looking in opposition to the projected fuel through the front peephole S and operating the steam and oil valves adjacent thereto, to so regulate the fuel-supply as to provide sufficient combustion for efliciency so equably distributed throughout the whole area of tubes exposed to the firebox as to induce the proper water circulation and without undue burning of tubes.

Having thus fully described a structure in-. volving my invention in the form at present preferred by me, what I claim, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is-

1. In a water-tube-boiler furnace, means for atomizing oil and projecting it into the furnace in the form of spray and in a direction 0 posed to the draft leaving the furnacechamber above the roof thereof combined" with Water-tubes in said roof.

2. In a water-tube-boiler furnace, means for atomizing oil and projecting it into the furnace in the form of spray and in a direction substantially horizontal and opposed to the'draft leaving the furnace-chamber above the roof thereof combined with water1\\bcs in said roof. V

3. In a water-tube-boiler furnace, mean for atoinizing oil and projecting it in the form of spray into a furnace-chamber of a size increasing in the direction of the entering fuel combined with water tubes in the roof thereof.

4. In a water-tube-boiler furnace means for atomizing oil and projecting it in the form of spray into a furnace the roof of which l. upwardly inclined in the direction of the entering fuel combined with water-tubes in the roof thereof.

5. In a water-tube-boiler furnace, means for atomizing oil and projecting it in the fOIlH of spray into a furnace of gradually-increasing size and in adirection opposed to the draft leaving the furnace-chamber above the roof thereof combined with water-tubes in said ronf.

6. In a watertubeboiler furnace inea H.\ for atomizing oil and projecting it in the forir of spray into the furnace in a direction opposed to the draft leaving the furiiace-chaniber above the roof thereof combined with water-tubes in said roof and a floor provided with draft-openings in thevicinity of the point where the atomized toolis introduced and dead surfaces beyond the draft-openings.

7. In a water-tube-boiler furnace means for atomizing oil and projecting it in the form of spray into a furnace of gradually-increasing size in a direction substantially horizontal and opposed to the draft leaving the furnace-chamber above the roof combined with water-tubes in said roof and a floor provided with draft-openings in the vicinity of the point where the atomized fuel is introduced and dead surfaces beyond the draft-openings.

8. In a water tubeboiler furnace, means for atomizing oil and projecting it in the form of spray into the furnace in a direction opposed to the draft leaving furnace-chamber above the roof combined with watertubes forming a part of said roof and a dead surface in the roof in the vicinity of the point where the atomized fuel is introduced.

9.- In a water-tube-boiler furnace a combustion-chamber of gradually-increasing size having a roof in part composed of water-tubes and in part of dead surfaces combined with means for introducing sprayed liquid fuel within the covered part of the chambers in a direction opposed to the draft leaving said chamber. a

10. In combination with a boiler-furnace, an atomizer provided with supply-pipes enterin beneath the furnace-floor and extending fi om the front to the rear of the furnace ioo under thefurnace-fioor substantially parallel with the path of the fuel discharged from the atomizer.

11. In combination with a boiler-furnace,

an atomizer provided with supply-pipes ex nace under tending from the front to the rear of ti e fur- ;ported-by the beams which support said floor arches or and 0 said supply-pipes resting onsa1d guideway.

14.-The'combination with a steam-boiler of the horizontal inclined water-tube type having a projections closed at its bottom en to the water-tubes at its top, of a fuel-c amber forming a rearward extension .of said fire-box, means whereby a hydrocarbon flame is projected horizontally from said fuel-chamber toward the front of said firebox and means for establishing a draft of air into saidfuel-chamber at substantially right angles to the course of the flame.

The combination with a steam-boiler of -t he horizontal inclined Water-tube type I the gases having a plurality of passes for through the-tubes and a fire-box roofed by the-;--tubes in the first pass, -a fuel-chamber forming a rearward extension of said fire-box supply-pipes eX- fire-box which is unobstructed by sasgrsse beneath the secondvpass means whereby .a hydrocarbon flame is fuel-chamber horizonta ly toward the front rojected from said of the fire-box and means for establishing a i draft of air upward beneath said flame.

16. The combination with a steam-boiler of the horizontal water-tube type. inclined upwardly toward the front having ;the entrance for the passage of the gases at the up per end of said tubes and a fire-box roofed by the tubes constituting a rearward extension from said fire-box, means whereby a hydrocarbon flame is projected from said fuel-chamber toward the front of said fire-box and means for establishing a draft of air upward beneath said flame.

17. The combination with a steam-boiler having a fire-box which is unobstructed by arches or projections and closed at its bottom, of means for delivering a hyrdocarbon flame forwardly into the fire-box and means for establishing a draft of air same end of the firebox and at substantially right angles to the course of the flame.

In testimony whereof I have hereunto signed my'name in the presence of two 'subscribing witnesses.

' ERNEST H. PEABODY.

Witnesses:

i S. CHAS. YnAToN,

CHAS. RATHJEN.

into and at the u at saidentrance, of a fuel-chamber

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