US830433A - Pneumatic discharging device for liquids. - Google Patents

Description

l PATENTED SEPT. 4, 1906.

I. W. HEYSINGER. PNEUMATIC DISCHARGING DEVICE POR LIQUIDS.

APPLICATION FILED AUG. 21. 1905.

2 SHEETS-SHEET 1.

THE Nqams FETERs co., wAsHmnroN, n. c.

N0. 830,433. PATENTED SEPT. 4, 1906.

l I. W. HEYSINGER. PNEUMATIG DISCHARGING DEVIGE'FOR LI QUIDS.

APPLIGATION FILED AUG. 2l. 1905.

2 SHEETS-SHEET 2.

an. @za-@W Tm: Nofems PETERS co., wAsmNcraN, mc.

, UNITED STATES ISAAC W. HEYSINGER,

OF PHILADELPHIA, PENNSYLVANIA.

PNEUMATIC DISCHARGING DEVICE FOR LIQUIDS.

Specication of Letters Patent.

Patented Sept. 4, 1906.

Application filed August 21, 1905. Serial No. 275.066.

To all whom, it may concern.-

Beit known that I, ISAAC W. HEYSINGER, a citizen of the United States, residing at Philadelphia, in the county of Philadelphia and State of Pennsylvania, have invented a certain new and useful Improvement in Pneumatic Discharging Devices for Liquids, of which the following is a full, clear, and complete specification, referring to the drawings which accompany and form a part of the same.

My invention relates to devices for discharging liquids from a jar or like vessel through a suitable discharge-pipe leading from the interior of said jar externally above and out from the same, in sure is applied to the surface of said liquid in said jar by a large reciprocating piston, preferably tubular and open beneath, said piston reciprocating when operated through any airtight collar which consti-tutes the cover of said jar, and in which said piston is sustained in an elevated position by means of a supporting-spring, and in which said supportingspring device is preferably made adjustable, so that said piston may be made to stand at various elevations, as desired, whereby a simple pressure upon the top of said piston will cause the same to descend Within the said jar and so by pneumatic pressure force out the contents of said jar through said dischargepipe, the quantity ejected at each descent of said piston varying according to the 4adjustment of said spring device; and also in the arrangement whereby said piston may `be forced downbodily within said collar, below the top of the same, instead of being arrested by a flange or like device around said piston 5 and also in the employment of devices connected with the discharge-pipe whereby when the liquid contents of said j ar have been forced out said discharge-pipe will be'sealed against discharge of air, andin various other details of construction related thereto, as will be more specifically set forth in this specification.

In its general features my present invention is a modification of my invention shown, described, and claimed in my Letters Patent No. 795,771, bearing date July 25, 1905, to

which Letters Patent Irefer for exemplification of the uses and applications thereof, though the subject-matter claimed in this application is not specifically shown or described or claimed in said Letters Patent.

Referring to the drawings, Figure 1 is a which the presvertical section of a pneumatic discharging device embodying my invention, taken along the line of suspending-lug and discharge-pipe of Fig. 2. Fig. 2 is a top view of Fig. 1, the discharge-pipe 50 being cross-sectionalized to show its form; and Fig. 3 is a perspective view of an expansible ring with a circular apron below, such as I prefer to use when making an air-tight sliding joint between the reciprocating piston and its cylindrical collar, as shown in Fig. 1.

The numbering in all the figures is uniform.

Referring to the drawings1 is a j ar-body, which may be of glass or metal, closed beneath and open above. As shown, it is provided around its upper open margin witha screw-thread, whereby the cover may be attached, if a glass jar is used. If of metal, the cover may besoldered on or otherwise secured to the ar. This joint should be made practically air-tight, either by soldering fast a rubber packing or close workmanship in the parts. The bottom of this jar is preferably provided with an annular depression in the bottom, which enables the discharge-pipe to practically exhaust the jar.

The screw margin of the jar is shown at 7, the annular recess at 2 2, the central raise at 5, and around the bottom is the projecting flange 3, which is removed at 4, so as to enable the whole device to be hung up against a wall by me'ans of the perforated lug 17 18 19 and used in that position.

In the bottom of the j ar I show at 6 a circular ribbed depression or socket for the reception of the lower end of the spring-rod 44 but this may be dispensed with in ordinary constructions, as the movement of the piston 33 will ordinarily center the rod 44 45 with sufficient accuracy.

The lcover 10 may be of vulcanite, metal, or other suitable material, and it is secured to the open top of the jar 1, so as to close the same. In Fig. 1 I show a screw 16 around the flanged periphery of this cover, whereby it is secured to the screw-threaded upper margin of the jar 1 7. From one side of this cover extends a supporting-lug 17, which is perforated witha keyhole-slot 18 19, whereby the whole device may be suspended from a nail, and the apparatus operated in this position. This is very convenient when used as a syringe for bedside work, or it may stand upon its flanged base 3 and be used on a table, a counter, or floor. Through the cover 10 ICO lIO

extends the discharge-pipe 50, to which I preferably secure it by an air-tight connection, making it a permanent part of the said cover. At 58 this discharge-pipe bends over the margin and downward outside, so that liquids forced through may be delivered into suitable vessels provided therefor-cups, tumblers, and the like.

The bottom of the discharge-pipe 50 is perforated (see Fig. 1) at 51 to serve as a strainer. These perforations maybe omitted, if desired, or maybe .enlarged to admit particles of any size. When used for serving thickened soups, I make the space between the bottom of the pipe and its seat beneath wide enough to ad.

mit the said soup in bulk, which is thus carried up unstrained. The insertion through the cover 10 of the pipe at 53 enables this space to be adjusted as required.

The cover 10 is provided with a large cylindrical collar, occupying, as shown in Fig. 2, one-half or more of the top of the jar. This collar 11 13 rises above the cover 10, if desired, and extends down within the jar-body, as shown at 13, making a guideway for the reciprocatin@ piston 30 to be employed therewit I prefer to flare out the upper margin of this guiding-collar at 12 12, so as to enable the piston to be easily guided to its place therein, and also to serve as a sort of hopper or funnel in refilling the jar, which I prefer to do while it is standing in its place by merely withdrawing the piston from the guide-collar. Within this collar 11 13 is litted to freely reciprocate the plunger or piston 30. I prefer to make this of light material, vulcanite or the like; but what is best and cheapest is a tube of enameled iron or steel, such as saucepans and other culinary vessels are commonly made of. This is forced up in the general form shown, but open at the bottom, and drawn down to an equal diameter. The hole in the top is then punched out for thethumbknob 36 37, and the lower end is then spun or otherwise turned in, as shown at 32, leaving the middle open. By this inward flange the piston 'is preserved from accidental deformation from a true cylinder, and a much lighter metal may thus be used. When the piston is also made long enough to reach down in its descent nearly to the bottom of the jar, it will be seen that this inturned Harige will in passing through thickened liquids act as an agitator or stirrer and keep them stirred up, so as to prevent the thickening material from being collected at the bottom, so as to clog up the discharge-pipe, while the piston is being reciprocated. I then enamel or porcelain-cover the whole, securing it against rusting in use, while making a very elegant appearance, if enameled in white or colors. The piston is thus shown as tubular, open beneath into the jar, and closed above at 33. is perforated, in which perforation is inserted The top the screw-stem 37 of a thumb-knob 34. Inside this piston is an elongated tube 40, which extends downward, as shown, its lower end closed to forman abutment for the nut 44, but with a central hole for the passage of the spring-supported screw-stem 45 beneath. The sides of the tube 40 are slotted at the sides (see opposite 43) to admit air from the thumb-knob to the jar. This tube and thumb-knob are screwed together so as to clasp the top of the piston between and make the whole a iirm construction. The tube 40 has a cross-sectional shape, shown by the lineal division above the tip of the screw-stem, such as to prevent the rotation in the tube of the loose screw-nut 44, which can thus travel up and down the tube 40 vertically, but cannot be rotated therein. Above the nut 44 and between `the nut and the thumb-knob above is interposed a coiled spring 43, strong enough to forcibly lift the piston 30 up in the guide-collar 11 13 and hold it thus raised.

The nut 44 is screw-threaded within, and the vertical rod 45 46 has its upper portion screw-threaded, so as to be readily screwed up or down in the nut 44, whereby the part of the rod 46 projecting downward from the bottom of the piston 32 will be shortened or lengthened. Accordingly as this rod is adjusted up or down through the nut 44 the piston will normally stand higher or lower above the bottom of the jar 1 2 5, and its descent will correspondingly compress a greater or less volume of air in its descent and eject through the discharge-pipe 5() a greater or less quantity of liquid at each stroke.

To insure an even discharge of liquid at each reciprocation of the piston under the same adjustment, I prefer, as shown, to make the containing vessel 1 of as large a diameter at the bottom as it is above and to provide a discharge-pipe 50 of so large an internal diameter as will enable the contents of thej ar to pass with a minimum of resistance or friction. I also carry down the collar 13 well into the body of the jar, so when the jar is nearly full of liquid it will be air-cushioned around the collar. By these means I am enabled to discharge practically equal quantities of liquid at each stroke until the jar has been entirely emptied.

To enable the adjustment of the re ulating device to be readily made, I provi e the bottom of the rod 46 with an enlarged head 47, whereby it can be turned and the screw run up or down. Instead of this enlarged head a cross-hole maybe made in the stem or other means be employed, if desired, to get a better hold on the stem. This rod I prefer to make of vulcanite or aluminium, and both it and the spring should be made of some substance not easily affected by the liquid contents ofthe jar. It will be seen that this adjustment of the rod can only be made when the piston has been entirely removed. This IOO is one of the advantages which I desired'to secure, as the variation is not from one stroke of the piston to another, but from one quality of liquid to another. For example, in sodawater syrups some syrups require a larger quantity for a glassful of beverage than others, and to have the adjustment tampered with at will from the outside would prevent any certainty as to the quantity delivered. So of soups, a single regulation will insure that each customer gets the same quantity ofwhat he pays for, and if used with an automatic or nickel-in-the-slot device, for which it is especially adapted, he cannot manipulate the adjustment to obtain more than he pays for.

For syringes, especially when used for intestinal and gastric purposes, it is obvious that the adjustment should not be tampered with while the operation is going on; yet, of course, it can readily be adjusted by sim ply removing the piston entirely from the machine. When the piston is reintroduced, the guiding-collar 11 13 will direct the piston down vertically, and the'bottom of the rod 45 46 will find its proper place of itself.

It is obvious that the arrangement shown in Fig. 1 may be reversed or otherwise varied, the operation and the means employed remaining the same; but I prefer to use the device arranged as shown in the figure.

To insure entrance of air into the hollow piston, the thumb-knob 34 is pierced from top to bottom with the central hole 35. In forcing down the piston 30 31 33 the ball of the thumb or the surface of the hand rests upon the top of the knob and closes 'this aire vent, so that the contents of the piston are compressed as it descends; but sometimes an automatic device may be desirable, and for such purpose I insert the little conical valve 39, with its stem 91 extending up through the hole 35, in the thumb-knob. To hold this in place, I make an enlarged socket 38 at the top and bend over the end of the wire stem 92 of the valve 39 to keep it from dropping out. When the piston ascends, the valve is open. When it is forced down, the valve closes.

When used for supplying soups, it is often desirable to stir up the contents of the jar. This can be accomplished by merely holding the thumb on top of the knob durin the ascent of the piston, when the air wil rush in backward through the discharge-pipe and bubble up through the contents of the jar. In my present invention I prefer making the external surface of the piston vertically smooth, so that its top can be forced down to any depth through the guiding-collar 11 13, its descent being limited only by the impingement of the top of the rod 46 against the under side of the cover of the piston or the bottom of the thumb-knob 41. While there is very little tendency for liquids to rise between thepiston and collar during ythede.-

scent of the former and while the amount of air escape is small, I provide as an additional security the soft sleeve 21, which may be dispensed with, if desired. The guiding-collar 11 13 is internally grooved around its internal periphery near the bottom, and the diameter below the groove is slightly enlarged, 15. Into this groove I spring an elastic ring, (cut apart at some point,) and from which ring depends a soft apron'or strip of rubber, rubber cloth, oiled muslin, or the like, which hangs down in loose contact with the outside of the piston 3 but when air-pressure is produced within by the descent of the piston this apron is forced against the descending cylinder of the piston, and a sliding air-tight joint is produced.

In the simple form in which I make it I use a coil of spring-wire 20, around which is folded a thin strip of fabric 23, extendinV downward, doubled, 21 and 24, the outer fol 24 being shorter, and a row of stitches 22 binds the fold to the wire and leaves the i apron hanging down in cylindrical form. Pinch the ends of the wire together and poking the ring down the collar it will seat itself in the groove 14 and cannot be dislodged while the piston is in place.

It will be seen that the collar 11 13 is set to the rear of the middle ofthe top of the ar toward the hanging lug 17. piston to be worked more readily when the device is hung up on a nail, and also affords a wider space between the margin of the collar and the inside of the jar for the dischargepipe. To afford still more space for discharge, I prefer to make the discharge-pipe 50 oval or flat in cross-section, the narrow part between the center and periphery of the collar and the wide part around the circumference, as shown in Fig. 2. Of course, if desired, discharge-pipes of any desired crosssectional form may be employed.`

The purpose of the thumb-knob 34 on the piston 33 is of course only to withdraw the piston from the collar 11 13 for refilling the jar and to make a convenient means for reinserting the piston after refilling. If desired, it can be dispensed with, leaving the top of the piston flat or arched and provided or not with any suitable handle, as desired.

In Fig. 1 is shown, as attached by a screwjoint, the supplemental check device 53 56,' but for syringes this can be permanently secured to the discharge-pipe 50 58, and for other purposes, such as the supply of soups, Syrups, ice-water, or the like, may be dispensed with. This part of the device consists of a chamber 53, large enough to contain a floating ball 54 and keep it afloat on the surface or within the mass of liquid being discharged. Below is a contracted neck 55. While liquids are being forced through the discharge-pipe this floating ball 54 will s in `about on its axis in various directions; ut

This enables the IOO as the area of the ball to the area of the containing-chamber 53 is but small, it will not be forced down upon its seat so as to close the passage 55 beneath; but when liquid ceases to pass, the jar having been pumped out and only air is about to pass, this ball, being heavier than the air, will drop down upon its seat and instantly close the exit and arrest the passage of air. This device is not merely applicable to the present construction in its entirety, but may be applied to other syringes or like structures in which the inadvertent pumping of air must be avoided.

lThe entrance-passage 56 to the chamber` 53 is also contracted, but this is merely to prevent escape of the floating ball 54. It will not arrest the ingress of liquids or air ordinarily, as its weight tends to keep it down instead'of allowing it to rise and so choke the upper passage. The essential elements are the floating ball or valve 54, (which is marked floating in the figure) occupying a chamber of much -larger diameter and depth, 53, while 'liquid is passing, and when the liquid has been forced out and air is about to take its place the descent of the ball by gravity, aided by the air-current upon the contracted neck 55. From the lower end of the chamber containing the floating ball 53 54 extends the knurled neck 57, around which at lfis sprung, in the manner common to rubber-tube syringes, the flexible india-rubber tube 60, which at its free end has applied a vuleanite or other nozzle 71, provided with dischargeholes 72, stop-knurl 73, and knurled neck 70 7 4, as is common in such syringe attachments.

While I show and describe the floating ball and chamber devices, Figs. 1, 53, 54, 55, 56, to illustrate their use in my present construction, I do not specifically or generically claim them in'this application, but reserve the right to file a separate application therefor without prejudice.

While I specifically show a single form of construction in the figures of the drawings, I do not confine myself rigidly to the combination of all the parts brought together in Fig. 1, but omit such parts as may not be required for certain specific purposes to which the invention is adapted, and I modify the construction of various parts to meet special requirements, as would be done by any skilled mechanic without the exercise of invention and without departing from the principles of my invention, as herein shown, described, and claimed.

Having now described my invention, what I desire to claim, and secure by Letters Iatent, is

l. In combination with a jar-body adapted to receive and hold liquids, a cover secured to the same, said cover having extended vertically through the same a collar open above and below, a reciprocating piston fitted to be freely reciprocated in said collar, a supporting-spring located beneath, and acting vertically upward against said piston, to maintain the same in a raised position within said collar, and above the contents of said jar, said piston adapted, whenv forced down within said collar, to produce pneumatic compression upon the contents of said jar, together with a discharge-pipe leading from the contents of said jar and thence opening externally outward from said jar, substantially as described.

2. In combination with a ar-body adapted to receive and hold liquids, a cover secured to the open top of the same, said cover provided with a cylindrical collar extended through the same, and opening vertically into said jar-body, a large pneumatic compression-piston fitted closely to, and adapted to be freely reciprocated within said collar, said piston provided with an air-vent in its upper part, and a vertically-operating spring beneath and within the same, said spring.

adapted by its spring-tension to impinge upon, and hold said piston in a raised position within said collar, and means for increasing or diminishing the length of lifting movement of said spring, so as to cause said piston to be normally maintained at a greater or less elevation within said collar, and above the contents of said jar, and a discharge-pipe for the contents of said jar, said piston adapted at each descent thereof, to compress the air within said jar, and force the contents thereof through said discharge-pipe, and the quantity of said contents regulated by the IOO variable normal elevation of said piston, substantially as and for the purposes herein set forth.

3. In combination with a closed jar provided with a discharge-pipe opening externally above, and leading from the bottom of the same, and an annular cover secured to said jar having a large open, guiding-collar within the periphery of the same, a large hollow piston, open beneath, and closed above,

and provided with an air-vent, said piston fitted to, and adapted to be vertically-reciprocated within said collar, a coiled spring eX- tended beneath and within said piston, a screw-threaded rod, an adjustable screw-nut threaded upon the same, and said coiled spring impinging at one end against said nut, and by its tension adapted to raise and maintain said piston at a fixed elevation in said collar, and above the contents of said jar, an

abutment for said nut, said screw-threaded' rod adapted to be screwed inward or outward through said nut so as to adjustably vary the length between the free end of said rod and the nut end of said spring, and so maintain the said piston at a fixed and delinite height, varying with said adjustment of said rod in said nut, said piston adapted to be forced down against said spring-pressure, and when released to be suddenly arrested'in its ascent by the impngeinent of said. nut against said abutment, substantially as described.

4. A regulating device for pneumatic discharging devices, consisting of a liquid-containing vessel and a pneumatic-pressure piston operating within the same, a compound rod and spring device interposed between the reciprocable pneumatic-pressure piston and a fixed part. of the liquid-containing vessel beneath, said device consisting oi a containing-tube, a coiled extension-spring and a nut, said spring abutting at one end against said nut contained within said tube, and said nut capable of longitudinal but not rotary movement therein, and said spring supported at the other end so as to force apart said jar and piston, and an abutment at the nut end of said tube to prevent the escape of said nut therefrom, a screw-threaded rod adapted to be rotated so as to screw the said rod to variable distances through said nut and tube, so as to lengthen or shorten the aggregate length of said rod and spring device, said piston adapted when forced down against said spring-pressure to force out the contents of said vessel inwhole or part, and when released, to be raised by said spring-pressure to a definite height, according to ile distance' to which said rod has. been screwed through said nut, and there maintained by the upward pressure of said spring, substantially as described.

5. In a pneumatic discharging device consisting of a containing-j ar, an annular cover, a reciprocable pressure-piston adapted to be reciprocated to variable distances, a guidingcollar for the same in said annular cover, and a discharge-pipe, a spring-supported regulating device for the movements of said piston, consisting of a tubular spring-holding extension downward from the middle of said piston, an internally screw-threaded nut contained within said tube, and capable of traversing the same longitudinally, but not to be rotated within the same, a coiled spring within said tube abutting at its upper end against said piston, and at its lower end against said nut, an inturned abutment at the lower end of said spring-and-nut-containing tube, a long screw-threaded rod adapted to engage within said screw-threaded nut, and be screwed, by its free rojecting end, to variable distances through the same, the lower ree end of said rod adapted to find its iXed support upon the bottom of said jar, so that the distance betweenthe spring-support of the piston, and the free end oi the rod, can be varied as described, so that said pressurepiston, when inserted in said collar, shall be supported in a raised position by the tension of said s ring, and when forced down shall still furt er compress said spring, and when released shall be raised by said spring acting upon said nut and rod, until said nut strikes its abutment at the bottom of said tube, substantially as described.

6. In a pneumatic discharging device, havmg a closed jar, an annular cover with an open collar, a discharge-pipe, and a hollow, removable, and vertically-reciprocable pneumatic-pressure piston, open beneath, and adapted to be reciprocated within said collar, an adjustable spring-regulating device to limit the reciprocation of said piston, secured to said piston, and removable from said jar therewith, said regulating device, consisting of a tubular extension secured to said hollow piston within the same, a coiled spring within said tubular extension, a sliding nut within the same non-rotatable therein, an abutment for said nut at the free end of said tube, a screw-threaded rod adjustable through said nut and up within said spring, and means whereby said rod may be rotated within said nut, when said piston has been removed, substantially as described.

7. In a discharging device for liquids, having a removable piston, adapted to be reciprocated within a suitable vessel, so as to produce pressure upon the liquid contained therein, and a discharge-pipe for the exit thereof, a regulating device to control the eX- tent of reciprocation of said piston consisting of a longitudinally-coiled spring, a nut, a screw-threaded rod adapted to said nut, an abutment for said nut and means whereby said rod may be manually adjusted at variable distances through said nut, so as to lengthen or shorten said regulating device, said means of adjustment normally contained within said vessel, and only opened to be so adjusted by the removal of said piston from said vessel, substantially as, and for the purposes described.

8. In a pneumatic discharging device, having a closed jar, a discharge-pipe, an open annular cover, and a large pneumatic-pressure piston operating vertically through said cover, having an air-vent in the top of said pressure-piston provided with a valve adapted to be closed by the atmospheric ressure within produced by the downwar Y movement of said piston, and to be opened during the ascent of said piston by the pressure of the external air against the partial vacuum within produced by said ascent of said piston, substantially as shown and described.

9. A pneumatic discharging device, having a closed containing-jar, an exit dischargepipe therefrom, an annular cover for said jar, an open collar within the periphery of said cover, and open downward into said jar, a large, hollow and vertically-reciprocable pressureiston ada ted to be reciprocated in said co lar, one sidle of said discharging device provided with a vertical suspending lug, pierced transversely so that the said device can be suspended Jfrom a nail in the wall, or the like, and so operated to discharge liquids IOC -from vessels by the descent of a piston vtherefrom when so suspended, substantially l as described. 1

10. In a pneumatic discharging device, consisting of a closed containing vessel, a discharge-pi e, leading therefrom, an annular cover, wit a large opening through the same, and into said jar, and a large hollow, and vertically reciprocable ressure piston, open beneath, and closed above, and adapted to, and vertically reciprocable through said opening in said cover, said hollow piston constructed of light material, cylindrical externally, closed above, and having its lower free margin inturned so as to form an inward flange, substantially as, and for the purposes described.

11. In a pneumatic discharging device consisting of a containing vessel provided with a discharge-pipe, and an annular cover, having a large opening therein, and around said opening an elongated collar open above, and beneath into said vessel, a large hollow and vertically'- reciprocable piston, closed above and adapted to be vertically reciprocated in said collar, the external surface of said piston smooth and plain, so that it may be forced down entirely within and beneath the upper margin of said collar, so as to increase the vertical reciprocation of said piston without increasing its normal projection above said jar substantially as described.

12. In a device for discharging liquids through the same, in combination with a containing vessel, a discharge-pipe, an annular cover secured to said vessel having a collar therein, open above and below, and a reciprocable piston fitted to said collar, and t'o be reciprocated in said vessel, and in the liquid contained therein, a transverse flange upon said piston adapted to agitate and stir up said liquid, substantially as described.

13. In a pneumatic discharging device, the combination of a closed containing vessel, and discharging-pipe, leading from the bottom thereof, upwardly and externally, an air-tight annular cover for said vessel, having a large open collar therein, leading down into said vessel, a reciprocable piston adapted to be vertically reciprocated therein to produce atmospheric compression upon the contents thereof, a knob secured to the top of said piston, and having a small air-vent leading down through said cover, and into said vessel, said air-vent provided with a valve adapted to be closed by the downward and opened by the upward reciprocation of said piston in said collar, substantially as described.

14. In a pneumatic discharging device,a closed containing-jar, having an externallyopening discharge-pipe, and an annular airtight cover, a large cylindrical collar in said cover, open above and beneath, a large hollow reciprocable piston adapted to be reciprocated vertically through said collar, and produce pressure in said jar, a spring-regulating device constructed to operate between said piston, and the bottom of said jar, and consisting of a longitudinally-coiled spring, a screw-threaded rod adapted to pass through said coiled spring, a nut in which said rod is rotatable, means for preventing the rotation of said nut, an abutment for said nut to limit the throw of said spring, said piston provided with a small air-vent in its top, and an externally-closing valve opened or 'closed by the passage of ail` through said vent, substantially as described.

15. In a pneumatic discharging, device consisting of a containing vessel provided with a discharge-pipe, and an air-tight annular cover, an open collar in said cover, extending vertically downward into said vessel, and provided with an internal groove around the circumference of said collar near its lower margin,-in combination with an annular apron of soft material, and a ring contained in said groove, said apron having its free margin hanging down within said` vessel, and below said collar together with a large vertically-reciprocable piston adapted tobe ieciprocated through said collar in contact with said annular apron, the whole constructed to operate substantially as, and for the purposes herein set forth.

16. In. combination with the annular cover provided with cylindrical collar, and reciprocable piston operating therein, in a discharging device substantially described, said collar provided around its inner surface, and near its lower margin, with an annular groove, a flexible annular apron device, consisting of a IOO s ring-rinOr ada ted to said Groove and a C D D 7 downwardly-hanging annular apron supported and held in place by said ring, in contact with the external surface of said piston, substantially as described.

17. In a pneumatic discharging device, a containing vessel with discharge-pipe, and an annular cover secured to said jar, and a large opening in said annular cover leading down into said jar, together with a reciprocable piston therein, said discharge-pipe extended upward through said annular cover, and narrowed in cross-section between said opening for said piston and the periphery of said annular cover, and said opening for said piston located eccentrically to the periphery of said cover, and in rear of said discharge-pipe substantially as, and for the purposes set forth.

18. In a pneumatic discharging device, having a liquid-containing vessel, an annular cover, secured thereto, and provided with a large open guiding-collar therein, and a large reciprocable piston adapted to operate through said collar, in combination with an adjustable regulating device adapted to regulate the extent of reciprocation of said piston, and a coiled spring adapted to support IIO ISO

said piston in a normally raised position, a substantially as, and for the p'irpe's herein discharge-pipe leading from said containing set forth. vessel, relatively of large caliber to diminish ISAAC W HEYSIGER friction, said containing vessel having its di- 5 ameter below as large as that above, and said Witnesses:

guiding-collar extended down from said cover GEO. W. REED, into the upper part of said containing vessel, ERNEST W. HEYSINGER.

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