US829012A - Art of making cementitious products or artificial stone. - Google Patents

Description

No. 829,012. PATENTED AUG. 21, 1906e W. E. JAQUBS. ART 0F MAKING GBMBNTITIOUS PRODUCTS 0R ARTIPIGIAL STONE.

APPLIUATION FILED JAI. 2, 1904.

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A. A non/JE YS PATENTBD AUG. 21, 1906.

w. E. JAQUIzs` ART 0F MAKING GBMBN TI'rIoUs PRoDUcTs on ARTIFICIAL STONE.

APPLICATION FILED JAH. 2, 1904.

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wnuessfs: 9% c vArt of Making Cementitious Products orV UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

WILLIAM E. JAQUFS, OF GRAND RAPIDS., MICHIGAN. ABT OF MAKING OEMENTITIOUS PRODUCTS OH ARTIFICIAL STONE..

specimen einem Patent.

Patented Aug. 21, 1906.`

Application lod January 9, 19M. Serial In. 187,513.

To all whom it may concern:y

Be it known that I, WILLxAM' E. JAQUEs, a citizen of the United States of America, residing at Grand Rapids, in the county of Kent and State of Michigan, rhave invented certain new and useful Improvements in the Articial Stone; and I hereby declare the following to be a full, clear, and exact descri tion of the invention, such as will enabe others skilled in the art to which it pertains to make and use the same.

This invention relates to improvements in the art of making cementitious products orartificial stone, and pertains more especially to an improved method or process of making cementitious bricks or products by first forming a vertically-arranged moist and unset cementitious column of predetermined dimensions cross-sectionally and utilizing the weight of the said column in compacting the materials composing the column, then removing blocks or sections successively from the lower end of the said column, then permitting the said blocks or sections to harden to render thcm suitable for use, and then, if desired, cutting or subdividing the said blocks or sections into bricks or the like.

One object of this invention is to closely compact the particles of the moist and unset cementitious mass formed for the manufac'' ture of cementltious products or`art1cial stone and to accommodate the'use of material that is ,wetenough and to supply the said mass to the interior chamber or passage-wa of a vertically s arranged tubular materia conducting shaft having'the cross-sectional dimensions required to form a predetermined number of bricks or the like by the subdivision of the blocks or sections successively removed rom the lower end' of the cementitious column formed in and by the said shaft. Another object is to utilize the weight of the cementitious column within the materiallconductin r shaft to v compact the particles forming t e said column and to remove blocks or sections successively from the lower` end of the said column and to add enough fresh cementitious material to the upper e'nd of the colu1'nn"tbl accommodate the successive from the lower end of the said column to descend into the interior chamber of a drawer having a removable pallet-forming bottom and to snugly fill the said chamber and be confined upon the said bottom or pallet, then to sever and remove the compacted mass contained in the said chamber horizontally from the remainder of the column and supporting the said remainder during the removal of a block or section from the lower end of the column.

Another object is to mechanically tamp the material as it is added to the upper end of the cementitious column.

Another object is to desirably, eiiicientl and economically operate upon an adequate y wet and unset cementitious mass and to eniploy enough'cementitious slurry or cement andmoisture to incase with cement or cementitious substance each particle of sand in the mass, and not only each particle of sand as contained in the original mass, but also each subdivision of the particles of sand broken u during the compacting of the mass within tli)e shaft, so as to cause any naked surfaces resulting from such breaking up of particles of sand to be coated with cement or cemen titious substance. r

With these objects in view and t`o the end of realizing other advantages hereinafter appearing this invention consists in the steps or process hereinafter described, and pointed out in the claims.

My invention broadly com rises the formation of an upright column o moist and unset cementitious material, adding to one end of the column to lengthen the latter, and

, largely in section, of the lower portion of thc a paratus and illustrates the removal of a bibel( or section from the lower end of .the cementitious column Fig. 4 is a vertical section on line 4 4, Fig. l, lookin in the direction indicated b the arrow. `ig. 5 is a vertical section on ine 5 5, Fig. 3, lookin .1n the direction indicated by the arrow. 1g. 641s IIO a vertical section corresponding with Fig. 5,

except that in Fig. 6 the block or section Referring tothe said drawin A designates a verticall -arra ed hol ow column, shaft, or tube, which wi l hereinafter in this s ecifcation be referred to as a shaft he interior chamber or passage-way B of the shaft A extends from the upper extremity to the lower extremity of the shaft. The shaft A is of any suitable height and is referably high enough to enable the weig t of the moist and unset cementitious material, which is fed into the upper end of the shaft, to compact the cementitious mass within the shaft and bring the particles composing the mass into such juxtaposition to each other as to. form a mass .which is practicall nonporous. I have obtained very desirable results with a shaft A six feet high. The pas sage-way B at its upper end and at one side Acommunicates with a feed-spout a, by and through which suitably-prepared cementitious material is fed to the sald passage-way. The upper portion 10 of the shaft A between the upper extremity of the shaft and a `oint a short distance below the said extrem- Lt is preferably uniform in cross-section, w creas o posite side walls of the remainder of the said) shaft, as shown in Fig. 1, diverge slightly downwardly to the lower extremity of the shaft where the latter is adapted to discharge into the interior chamber of a drawer e, which is movable laterally in a horizontal lane next below the said shaft. It will be o rved that the shaft A is gradually enlarged, therefore, toward its lower end, and the passage-Way B at the lower extremity of the shaft has the cross-sectional dimensions required to form a redetermined number of bricks on edge. cementitious column C is shown formed within the shaft A. The drawer e may be actuated b hand or in any other approved manner. e drawer e is formed by a case 13, whose interior chamber is open at the top, and the bottom of the said chamber is removable downwardly, as will hereinafter appear, forming a pallet 14, whichin its drawer-bottom-forming or uplper position closes the said chamber from be ow and eng rabbets 15 formed in the lower rendoftl'necase1?,ass owninF` .1,3,4,

and 5. The interior chamber of t e drawer s has the dimensions required to hold a cementitious block or section capable of being subdivided into a predetermined number of bricks on edge and is in line or out of line vertically with the shaft A, according as the drawer is'in one or the other of its two positions. The drawer restsG is 'movabl u nastationaryta ,e w 'c isarra e jin far enough below the lower andrflischarging extremity of the shaft A to accommodate the interposition of the said drawer between the saidA extremity and the said table. The interior chamber of the drawer e and the discharging extremity of the passage-way B exactly correspond in dimensions horizontally and are 1n exact registry when the drawer is in position in line vertically with the said shaft. Suppose the drawer e is quadrangular in plan and is large enough in dimensions horizontally and deep enough verticall to hold a cementitious block or section ivisible into eight ordinary bricks on ed e. The interior chamber of the` drawer woul then be four inches deep vertically, about sixteen inches long, and eight inches wide, and the discharging extremitv of the assage-way B of the shaft A would then in imcnsions horizontally measure about sixteen inches one way and eight inches the other way. The drawer e when in position registering with the passage-way B, as shown in Figs. 1 and 4, forms a downward extension of the said ass e-way and permits the cementitious colliimna, formed in and by the shaft A when the said column is not supported at the lower end of the shaft, to descend by avity into and fill the drawer, and tho slig t downward enlargement of the said passage-way facilitates the descent of the said column b gravity. The downward enlargement of t e assage-way B is exaggerativel shown in 1g. 1. The drawer e is provide at one side and at the top with a cutoff-forming gate K, which is arranged in a horizontal p an The stationary table G is provided at one side of the shaft A with an ope extending vertically through the said ta le and just large enough in dimensions to render it capable of receiving a verticall -reciprocatmg table L, and the stationary framework D of the machine, which bears the stationary table G, Ais rovided with vertically-amm ed guides 2O for the movable table L. The at- 'ter is provided at its under side with a roller yl, which engages the peripheral cam-formingr surface of a cam-wheel f, operatively mounted on a horizontally-arranged shaft F, which is supported from the framework D and operatively provided with a driving-wheel h, to which power is applied in any approved manner. e

It will be observed that the stationar table G surrounds the path of the movab table L, and the relatlve arrangement of tho parts is such that the movable table in its upper position is flush on top with the stationary table; that the removable pallet 14 rests a le table, according as the drawer e is actuated into the one or the other of its positions upon the stationary table; that the cut-ofi K covers the passage-way B from below when the ldrawer is'inpositlonl with the pallet 14 resting upon the mavable table L, as shown in Figs. 3 and 5, and that the said cut-off sup- IOC IIO

upon the stationary table or upon the movacacia ports the 'cementitious column C as soon as the drawer e during the actuation of the drawer begins to move from under the shaft A; that the movable table L and the opening formed in the stationa table for the reception of the movable ta le are large enough in dimensions to cover the allet from below when the drawer is actuated into its position over the movable table7 so that the laden pallet when the drawer lis in osition over the movable table is4 ready to e lowered with the movable table to accommodate the removal from the drawer of the pallet and the compacted cementitious mass or product contained in the drawer.

The release of the cementitious product from the drawer e during the discharge of the product downwardly from the drawer may e facilitated by a plunger P, capable of movement vertically and arranged to enter the chamber of the drawer from above when the drawer is in position over the path of the movable table.

In Figs. 3, 5, and 6, C designates the cementitious block or section removed from the column C. Thearrangement of the parts is such that in the lower position of the mov able table L the laden pallet 14 is free to be removed from between the guides 20 and from in under the drawer and to accommodate the placing upon the said table of an unladen pallet to be elevated into position, formin the bottom of the drawer upon again e evating the movable table into itsv upper position, whereupon the complete drawer 1s moved into position below and into line with the shaft A.

' witlithe shaft F by an endlessc ain E, en-

Mechanism shown for actuating the drawer e4 comprises two links r, arranged at opposite ends, respectively, of the drawer. The links r are operatively attached to the upper ends of upright levers T, which are arranged at o poslte sides, respectivel 'of the ath of t e drawer and fulcrumed orizonta ly at their lower ends, as at t, to the stationar framework D. The levers T are provi ed with rollers s, which engage cam-forming grooves u, formed in cam-wheels U, o eratively mounted upon the shaft F. The links r are horizontally pivoted, as at R, to and longitudinally of the drawer e, below the inner end of the cut-off K.

Mechanism shown for operatin the plunger P comprises a shaft Q, arrange horizontally above the path of the said plunger and o eratively provided with a camwheel W, w ich has cam-forming grooves w, engaged by rollers with which the upwardlyproiecting stems p of the plun er P are provided. The plunger P is gui ed during its vertical reci rocation by vertically-'arranged guides y, w ich are formed uon or rigid with the stationary framework of the machine. The shaft Q is operativel connected gaging two sprocket-wheels I and J, operatively mounted on the shafts F and Q, respectively.

The vi ration of the shaft A, exce t at its lower extremity, is not objectiona le, but rather desirable; but to positively prevent displacement of the said shaft at its lower extremit out of line with the drawer e when the said Vdrawer is in position to receive a compacted cementitious mass, the shaft A is provided at its lower extremity and externally with flanges 18, which are bolted or otherwise rigidly secured, as at 19, to the stationar framework D. The shaft A is shown provi ed externally of its upper portion with a platform M, and a tam ing device m (shown resting upon the plat orm) may be used by an operative or attendant, (not shown,) who, standing on the platform, can by means of the said device tam'p the fresh cernentitious material added to the upper end of the cementitious column C during my improved process.

he arrangement of parts and the trend of the cani-formin surfaces of the different cam-wheels of t e ap )aratus are such that the actuation of the .rawer e, table L, and plunger P are accurately timed; that the said drawer is in one of its positions, as already indicated, in registry with the passa e-way B; that the pallet-forming bottom of t 1e said drawer is in position upon the table L in the other position of the drawer, as already indi cated; that the cut-ofi1 K sup orts the cementitious column C when the rawer is actuated from in `under the shaft A; that the least projection of the cut-oif in under the passage-way B is sufficient to support the column C, and that therefore the said cut-od` is arranged externally of, but just outside of. the said passage-way when the drawer is in its material-receiving position at the lower end of the said passage-way; that the plunger P is not employed as a plunger for the purpose of compressing or compacting the cementitious material ecause t e cementltions mass within the drawer is already adequately compacted; that the said plunger is employed only for the pur ose of assisting the release of the compacte mass from withlin the case 13 of the drawer during the descent ofthe laden pallet with the table L, and that the said plunger in its upper position is ready to move downwardly into the chamber of the drawer when the drawer is actuated onto the said table, but does not begin to descend until the drawer has been actuated into its position upon the said table, whereupon the plunger and the said table descend together. A

A desirable cementitious mass used in making cementitious products or artificial .stone by myprocess is a concreteor composition or compound having hydraulic cement or cementitious substance, sand, and water as m- IOO IIO

gradients. The cement and water are first mixed together, so' as to form a cementitious slurry, using in said operation more water and more cement than 1s necessa to effect a settin and hardening of the res ting product. en the cementitious slurry is added to the sand, ground-rock material, or any similar material-such, for instance, as ground slag-which may be substituted for or added to the sand or-rock material, and then the cementitions slurry and the sand or material substituted therefor or added to the sand are thoroughly mixed together.

I would here remark that .b the word sand as employed hereinafter 1n this specificaticn I mean not only sand as this word is ordinarily understood, but any materialsuch, for instance, as cinde'rs and crushed sla or rock material, artificial or naturalwhich is suitable for use with the cementitious slurry. I use, preferably, about one part of the cementitious slurry, by weight, to two parts of sand. In anyevent I use more moisture and more cementitious substance than necessary for the number of particles in the original mass of sand used. The mixture of the full quantity of water or moisture with the cement or cementitious substance before the addition of the sand causes each particle of the cement or cementitious substance to be incased by -water or moisture, and a thorough mixing of the cementitious slurry and the sand causes each particle of the sand to be incased by the lcementitious substance. I would remark also that before commencing to remove cementitious blocks or sections successively from the lower end of the cementitious column C the cut-oil' K is ermitted to remain in or brought into its closing or o erative position until the shaft A has been ed with cementitious material, and the we' t of the cementitious column C is utilize in compacting material composing the blocks or sections successively removed from the cementitiou's column. The compactin and feeding of the material within the sha A may be mechanically as# sisted by tamping upon the upper portion of the oementitious column C. e 'fresh material added to the ulperend of the column C is preferably tampe upon itsaddition tothe said column.

In operatingu on a cementitious mass column C, being' formed by and within the mass--that is, not already employed in permanently incasing particles of sand with cement-will during the descent of the mass be spread or distributed and caused to reach and coat any surfaces which escaped being previously coated and any new surfaces newly formed upon articles of sand which have resulted from a 'reaking up of particles of sand during the compactmg of the solid particles of themass Within thesaid shaft.

I would here remark that cement which has not yet set is readily broken or severed, and consequently the blocks or sections successively removed from the lower end of the cementitious column readily separate from the remainder of the column. The laden pallet 14 is conveyed to and left in any convenient place until the material com sing the block or section upon the said pal et has set, and the said block or section is allowed to set for several hours whereupon the said section is cut or subdivided into bricks, and the resulti bricks or subdivisions are removed and stac ed in any convenient place to permit them to harden, and are lrcferably al1 lowed to harden for about a wee before they are deemed suitable for use.

The apparatus hereinbefore described and employed in carrying out the process which constitutes the subect-matter of this application forms the su ject-matter of a contemporaneous application filed simultaneously with this application.

What I claim is- 1. An improvement in the art of making cementitious products or artificial stone, consist in the formation of a laterally-supporte moist and unset upri ht ce entitious column high enough to rem? the material in the column capable o compacting the material in the column to the extent required to form the product to be made successively removing sections from the sai column at the transversely larger end of the shaft, 'and adding fresh moist and unset cementitious material to the cemerftit'ious co'lumn at the-opposite end of the shaft.

2. An improvement in the art o'f making cementitious products or artificial stone, consisting in the formation of `an upright moist and unset cementitio'us column containing enough moisture and cement or cementitieus substance to incase every -particleof aand .in the said column with cement or-cementiticus substance and high en h to render the weight of the material in t e column capable of compacting the material inthe column to the extent required to form the product to be made; removing sections successivel 'from one end ofthe said column, andeaddmg like cementitious material to `'the vcolumn' at the other end f the column.

IOO

er the we" ht of 'Ilo An improvement in the art of making cementitious roducts or artificial stone, consistingin the ormation of an upright cementitious coluinn high enough to render the weight ofthe material in the column capable of compacting the material in the column to the extent required to form the product to be made; removing Sections successively from one end ofthe said column and adding fresh' 1o molst and unset oe`mentitious material to the testimony whereof I sign the foregoing '15 specification in the resence of two-witnesses.

f VlLLIAM EJAQUES. Witnesses: C. H. DORER, G. M. HAYES.

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