US82576A - He net aitken - Google Patents
He net aitken Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US82576A US82576A US82576DA US82576A US 82576 A US82576 A US 82576A US 82576D A US82576D A US 82576DA US 82576 A US82576 A US 82576A
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- iron
- stones
- ores
- aitken
- net
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 239000004575 stone Substances 0.000 description 30
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 14
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 10
- 238000010000 carbonizing Methods 0.000 description 8
- 238000004939 coking Methods 0.000 description 8
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 229910000805 Pig iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229910000499 pig iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 229910001296 Malleable iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000005864 Sulphur Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000003763 carbonization Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- CWYNVVGOOAEACU-UHFFFAOYSA-N fe2+ Chemical compound [Fe+2] CWYNVVGOOAEACU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 4
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 241001508691 Martes zibellina Species 0.000 description 2
- 235000015076 Shorea robusta Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000011449 brick Substances 0.000 description 2
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000005539 carbonized material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000003245 coal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000009833 condensation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000005494 condensation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000023298 conjugation with cellular fusion Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000010779 crude oil Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000003467 diminishing Effects 0.000 description 2
- -1 dross Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000002360 explosive Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000013011 mating Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000021037 unidirectional conjugation Effects 0.000 description 2
Images
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B1/00—Preliminary treatment of ores or scrap
- C22B1/14—Agglomerating; Briquetting; Binding; Granulating
Definitions
- My invention consists in subjecting ironoresand iron-jstone, during the process ofcokingytothe treatment fully described hereafter, so as to utilize the volatile portions of the material, and obtain a better and more available product at less expense than by the ordinary processes.
- Figure 3 a plan view of part of the apparatus.
- A is a platform, upon which the iron-ores or iron-stones are placed, and B perforations, through which Vthe lieutand products of combustion are drawn downward into the ues C, through which they pass to the condensing-pipes D, by means of the action of the steam-jet issuing through the nozzle H, these pipes D being connected with suitable vessels, whereintthe conden'sable matters are collected and preserved Vfor use.
- E is an iron arched covering, the inside' of which may be lined with fire-bricks, or other 'suitable materials, as sbownin figs. 1 and 2.
- the arched covering E is carried upon wheels or rollers a, iig. 1, and shown dotted on iig. 2, so that, when the heap or layers of iron-ores or iron-stones are built or laid up'on the platform A, it is covered by the arched covering E, which is run along the rails xed on the side walls
- any convenient size of heap may be formed, as the arched covering is, by preference, made in sections, and each of which is run along the rails. b, and placed close to each other, until the heap is cover;f.
- the viron-ores or iron-stones may be fired or ignited .on the top, and the'cov'er E run over the heap, the heat or gases being drawn down, as aboveand hereinafter described.
- Holes D are formed in the arched covering E, -to adinit'air to the heap after it is fired.
- water may be caused to owl'through the HuesfCand the pipes D.
- Steam and water may be also injected among the iron-ores or iron-stones, from time to time, while combustion is going on, to facilitate the condensation of the gases, and, towards the end of the process, steam and water may again be admitted, -for the purpose of facilitating the separation of the sulphur and salt, or sal.'l water may be admitted to'render what sulphur remains harmless.
- the gases which are not condensed escape by pipe D to a chimney or re-grate, not shown in the drawings, or the exhausting of the gases is maintained by any exhausting or forcing-apparatus or means.
- the arched covering may be runoff on the rails b, and
- the iron-ores or iron-stones may be removed, or reduced at once to malleable iron, steel, or pig-iron, or the cover may be ke'pt o ,and the iron-ores or iron-stones may be cooled, and watered out under it,and then removed, after which they maybe reduced by the blast-furnace into pig-iron, or they may be reduced into pig-iron, steel, or malleable iron, in kilns, ovens, or'ainfurnnces.
- ajet of air at high pressure may be employed,by-connecting the nozzle with a reservoir in which the air is compressed. This air in expanding, on escaping through the nozzle, will reduce the'temperature of the condenser to the requisite degree, at the same time producing the necessary amount of draught.
- I may further explain that when carbonizing iron-ores or iron-stones, which are not rich in earbonaceous matter, to facilitate and quicken, the time for carbonizing them.
- a portion of other carbonaceous or hydrocarbonaceous matter,f such as coal, dross, or oil may he mixed with the charge, and the two being treated together,- besides diminishing the period of carbonization, produce a carbonized material, which, containing a larger proportion ofgcarbonaceous matter than is naturally combined with it, less fuel for after reduction is requisite.
- the mass may be hardened by pouring crude hydrocarbon-oil or tar over it when at a high heat.
- the materials to be carbonized maybe placed on a frame or platform carried upon wheels, or on revolving plates or platforms, .such platforms or plates being arranged .to traverse on rails or trams, that they may be run under an arched covering or kiln, ⁇ and therein coked or carbonized, or the process may be made continuous by feeding the raw iron-ore or iron-stone-in at one end of the kiln, retort, oven, or arched covering, and, as it is coked or earbonzed, drawing it out at the opposite end, the gases and oils being utilized or collected as hereinb'efore described.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
- Geology (AREA)
- General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Manufacture And Refinement Of Metals (AREA)
Description
H. AITKEN. TRBATING IRON ORE, gw.'
No. 82,576. Patented Sept. 29, 1.868.A
niten fte/tra y @stent @ffies Letters .Pafent No'. 82,576, dated September 29, 1868.
IMPnovnMNT IN rasta-Ine masones, et.
.tte flphuls nfrrrei tu in ttm etim Extent mit mating gud nf .tige same.
' TO ALL WHOM IT MAY CONCERN:
Be it known that I, HENRY AITKEN, of Falkirk, Stirling county, Scotland, have invented an Improvement in Treating Iron-Oren, tc.; and Ido hereby declare the following to be a full, clear, and exact description of the same. I
My invention consists in subjecting ironoresand iron-jstone, during the process ofcokingytothe treatment fully described hereafter, so as to utilize the volatile portions of the material, and obtain a better and more available product at less expense than by the ordinary processes.
In order to enable others skilled in the art to practise my invention, I will now proceed to describe the manner of carrying it into effect, reference being had to the accompanying drawing, which forms a part of this specification, andin which- Figure 1`is a sectional elevation of one form of apparatus which may be employed in carrying out my, invention. i
'Figure 2, a section on the line 1 2, 1; and,
Figure 3 a plan view of part of the apparatus. l
A is a platform, upon which the iron-ores or iron-stones are placed, and B perforations, through which Vthe lieutand products of combustion are drawn downward into the ues C, through which they pass to the condensing-pipes D, by means of the action of the steam-jet issuing through the nozzle H, these pipes D being connected with suitable vessels, whereintthe conden'sable matters are collected and preserved Vfor use.
E is an iron arched covering, the inside' of which may be lined with fire-bricks, or other 'suitable materials, as sbownin figs. 1 and 2. The arched covering E is carried upon wheels or rollers a, iig. 1, and shown dotted on iig. 2, so that, when the heap or layers of iron-ores or iron-stones are built or laid up'on the platform A, it is covered by the arched covering E, which is run along the rails xed on the side walls By this means, any convenient size of heap may be formed, as the arched covering is, by preference, made in sections, and each of which is run along the rails. b, and placed close to each other, until the heap is cover;f.
The viron-ores or iron-stones may be fired or ignited .on the top, and the'cov'er E run over the heap, the heat or gases being drawn down, as aboveand hereinafter described. i l
To prevent danger from explosions, er a high pressure of gas, which may occurduring the carbonizing of the iron-orcs or iron-stones, part of the end, G, which encloses the arched covering E, is hinged, as shown at e, iig. 2, so' that it may be blown open, and the explosive or high-pressure gases may escape b efore'tbey have collected to a. dangerous extent.. I l
Holes D are formed in the arched covering E, -to adinit'air to the heap after it is fired.
'To facilitate the condensing and collecting of the condensable matters during thecarbonizing of the ironores or iron-stones, water may be caused to owl'through the HuesfCand the pipes D. Steam and water may be also injected among the iron-ores or iron-stones, from time to time, while combustion is going on, to facilitate the condensation of the gases, and, towards the end of the process, steam and water may again be admitted, -for the purpose of facilitating the separation of the sulphur and salt, or sal.'l water may be admitted to'render what sulphur remains harmless. The gases which are not condensed escape by pipe D to a chimney or re-grate, not shown in the drawings, or the exhausting of the gases is maintained by any exhausting or forcing-apparatus or means. l
When the coking or cafrbonizing-process is Afinished, the arched covering may be runoff on the rails b, and
the iron-ores or iron-stones may be removed, or reduced at once to malleable iron, steel, or pig-iron, or the cover may be ke'pt o ,and the iron-ores or iron-stones may be cooled, and watered out under it,and then removed, after which they maybe reduced by the blast-furnace into pig-iron, or they may be reduced into pig-iron, steel, or malleable iron, in kilns, ovens, or'ainfurnnces. i
In lieu of using a steam-jet or chimney for exhausting the gaseous matter, as hereinbefore set forth, ajet of air at high pressure may be employed,by-connecting the nozzle with a reservoir in which the air is compressed. This air in expanding, on escaping through the nozzle, will reduce the'temperature of the condenser to the requisite degree, at the same time producing the necessary amount of draught.
I may further explain that when carbonizing iron-ores or iron-stones, which are not rich in earbonaceous matter, to facilitate and quicken, the time for carbonizing them. a portion of other carbonaceous or hydrocarbonaceous matter,f such as coal, dross, or oil may he mixed with the charge, and the two being treated together,- besides diminishing the period of carbonization, produce a carbonized material, which, containing a larger proportion ofgcarbonaceous matter than is naturally combined with it, less fuel for after reduction is requisite.
In the cases of iron-ores or iron-stones which become soft or friable by carbonization, the mass may be hardened by pouring crude hydrocarbon-oil or tar over it when at a high heat.
The materials to be carbonized maybe placed on a frame or platform carried upon wheels, or on revolving plates or platforms, .such platforms or plates being arranged .to traverse on rails or trams, that they may be run under an arched covering or kiln,`and therein coked or carbonized, or the process may be made continuous by feeding the raw iron-ore or iron-stone-in at one end of the kiln, retort, oven, or arched covering, and, as it is coked or earbonzed, drawing it out at the opposite end, the gases and oils being utilized or collected as hereinb'efore described. i
I claim as my invention, and desire to secure by Letters Patent- 1, Coking iron-stone or iron-ore upon a perforated platform, through the openings in which, and through the mass of stone or ore, the gaseous products of the coking-operation are drawnl downward, for the purpose 2. Utilizing the gaseous products of the coking of iron-stone er ore, substantially as specified.
3. The coking or'carbonizing of iron-ores or iron-stones, in combination with carbonaceous or hydrocar bonaceous matter.
4. The 'employment of crude oil or tar, or oily nr tarry matter, for hardening eoked or carbonized ironf ores or iron-stones.'
In testimony whereof, I have signed my name to this specification in presence of the two subscribing witnesses.
HENRY AITKEN.'
Witnesses:
S'r. JOHN VINEMDAZ, JO'HN BROWN.
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
US82576A true US82576A (en) | 1868-09-29 |
Family
ID=2152069
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US82576D Expired - Lifetime US82576A (en) | He net aitken |
Country Status (1)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US82576A (en) |
Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2965473A (en) * | 1956-07-23 | 1960-12-20 | Lorraine Houilleres | Method of cleaning iron ore fines, notably for the manufacture of improved ferrous coke |
US4065111A (en) * | 1975-04-22 | 1977-12-27 | Eero Kyto | Cover for the ignition carriage in a sintering plant |
-
0
- US US82576D patent/US82576A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2965473A (en) * | 1956-07-23 | 1960-12-20 | Lorraine Houilleres | Method of cleaning iron ore fines, notably for the manufacture of improved ferrous coke |
US4065111A (en) * | 1975-04-22 | 1977-12-27 | Eero Kyto | Cover for the ignition carriage in a sintering plant |
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