DE15987C - Apparatus for the preparation of coaks, charcoal etc. with simultaneous recovery of the distillation products - Google Patents

Description

IMPERIAL

PATEN TA = KPfTVSgT ^ "■

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A first purpose of the present invention is to make better use of the heat in the Distillation of coal or the like in retorts or ovens for the purpose of manufacturing Tar, ammoniacal liquids, gases, coke, charcoal or briquettes.

For this purpose, they run in suitable generating apparatus (from below cited or any facility) forming gases flow off from here and uses them, without lighting them, to heat retorts or ovens, those with the former Apparatus are appropriately connected. The movement in the specified direction can be obtained by a slight pressure or a partial vacuum. the Inlet pipes of the retorts or furnaces can be controlled by slides, the movement of which is controlled by levers Or the like. Takes place, to be completed. The withdrawal of the uncondensed gases from the retorts or oven is made by the sucking effect of one or more steam jets, which mix with the gases; The tar is then deposited by cooling ti. s. w. achieved.

The material to be distilled is fed to the retorts through openings removable lids are to be closed gas-tight and airtight.

The lower end of the retort can advantageously be made of cast or wrought iron like the round part of it with a cast iron or wrought iron Rings can be provided, which is equipped with openings for the exit of the gases; or several rings of the same material can be used, the ring-shaped between them Leave columns for the said purpose.

The retort bottoms show suitable openings for removing the distillation residues, which can be closed by slides or the like.

The retorts, which have to be airtight, can be given suitable cylindrical shapes. in the Connection. The retorts or are attached to a special arrangement of the improved apparatus Ovens supported by pillars and placed together in simple rows or groups with one another connected, with one or more retorts lying on each side of a gas generator can; railroad tracks run up and down. But there can also be one generator each and a retort connected.

The shape of the retorts can also be square or oblong; the filling takes place from above with the help of a carriage running on rails, removal from the side or the End up.

One form of the inflator is a modification of an ordinary inflator for poor loose coke, peat, wood, lignite or even sawdust. In the one made of chamotte bricks One or more steam and air blowers are attached to the wall of this generator. There is also a slider clad with chamotte bricks for gutting, as well as a small indentation, which is completed in a similar way (with eccentric sockets)

and the ashes are deposited in suitable wagons that run on rails underneath; even This gives the opportunity to inspect the inside of the generator.

Cast iron cans or boxes are arranged above the stove and screwed together and are built into the chamotte bricks and show closable openings through which the fuel can be loosened or pushed out by means of iron rods.

This is achieved through a bell-shaped opening on the head of the generator Fuel supplied; a lid prevents gases from escaping or entry of air.

After the material has been filled to the appropriate level, a fire is lit. and fanned by a jet of steam; the fans mentioned supply steam and air to the fire, and the gasification has took place. The supply of steam and air is regulated by a valve and can thus be used Temperature of the gases formed in the generator can be maintained within certain limits. The material can be fed to the generator by endless screws or the like.

The nature of the products depends on the composition of the heated substance and on the Degree of heat itself.

The inventor has found that coals and other substances, their mineral parts and Distill the like at a temperature not exceeding 540 ° C. in the retorts or ovens can be heated by contact with unignited gases coming directly from the Gas generator come, and that coals, etc., which require a higher temperature, with With the aid of an unignited gas stream, its temperature can be heated by lighting and burning only a small portion of the gas was increased.

The retorts or ovens can also be heated externally with the generator gases; the gases, after they have deposited their tar, etc., are ignited in a combustion chamber and guides them through channels that are both below and outside the retorts. This latter procedure can apply to all find existing forms of coke ovens use.

The gaseous fuels from the gas generator, as described, by adding the distillation gases have only gained in volume and heating power, inventors used for heating from boilers or coke ovens, in blast furnaces, near the blowers of puddle stoves, in Bessemer converters or other processes of iron extraction, or in the roasting of iron ores, limestone, gypsums, cement, etc., and directly after these gases have been ignited in a combustion chamber.

Another part of the innovations at hand concerns the means for closing the retorts or ovens. The inventor connects rods in cylinders with the lids or flaps wear appropriate pistons; if steam or pressurized water comes under them, they become Organs kept closed. If the outlet of these cylinders is opened, those lids open or fold up and empty the retort. However, the lids can also be opened with one the overhead crane running along the upper rails.

The eccentric rule has been found to be the best for these organs.

Another part of the innovations at hand concerns the manufacture of coke. To also not To get well-baked coal still good coke, inventors treated the same after they has been subjected to distillation in the retorts, in crushing mills and mixes one Add an appropriate amount of crushed charcoal (perhaps a third).

In this way it is possible to produce solid hard coke from the coke ovens in use now by taking the gases from the generator and the retorts for combustion used herein, the charcoal serving as a type of mortar; Inventor mixes the coal from the retorts, crushed or not, even with a suitable amount of gas army or pitch, about 8 pct., depending on the circumstances, whether coke or briquettes are to be manufactured.

The uncondensed gases from the retorts and gas generators can, by combustion with a hot or cold air jet, for internal or external heating of the coke ovens to serve. The coking gases become after the tarry, ammoniacal, etc. products have condensed, mixed with those uncondensed gases of the generators and in one Main pipes continued to maintain the combustion near the coke ovens or to the top other purposes mentioned.

In the accompanying drawings:

Fig. Ι a vertical section of a row of retorts, in which there is a generator between every two.

Fig. 2 is a basic plan,

Fig. 3 is an end view of the same arrangement.

α is the generator which is in communication with the retorts l> b ¹ through the channels c , which can be closed by regulating slides d . In this way the generator gases pass over the materials to be distilled.

Is for distillation a temperature higher than 540 ⁰ C. If necessary, one is partially

Combustion of the gases necessary; for this purpose, air supply pipes χ are built into the chamotte bricks, near the slides. The distillation products arising at the beginning are sucked off together with the heating gases through the pipe e and fed into the condenser /, the sufficient draft being brought about by ejectors.

The ejectors themselves can be of any construction and as shown at g ¹ g ² ^ ³ , Fig. 1, 2 and 3, be arranged. They are located between the generators, retorts and condensers or between two or more coiidensatoren, as well as behind the last of these; g ¹ lies between the generators or retorts b P and the condenser /. The ejector ^ ² draws the gas out of the first condenser / and drives it through the pipes and dispensers / ³ to the second condenser / ² . On the other side of the condensers is an ejector g ³ , which leads to an ordinary cleaning apparatus, such as a scrubber, washing apparatus 11. Sw, in order to allow the processes to be completed here.

The retorts are loaded on the upper sides of the same through the openings that can be closed by the cover h. The lower parts of the retort are cast iron and ring-shaped (see k ^l ) and are provided with holes for the purpose of discharging the gases to the ring-shaped chamber k ; from here they pass through the ejector g ¹ to the condenser /.

The openings for emptying the retorts are closed by conical lids / which open downwards; each one carries a rod m ¹ , which goes up to a cylinder μ with piston or after a crane m ² . In order to be able to empty, the thumb or eccentric shafts are I ¹ which infer the lid, by means of the key is rotated, then withdrawn and then the lid by slow leakage of the steam or pressure water from the cylinders by means of the m or Krahnes lowered; There are matching trolleys below.

When using a crane, the track width of its rollers is larger than that of the Coal wagons so that the latter can run freely under the crane, Fig. 4. The Anyway, construction of the crane is arbitrary.

In the retort denoted by b ¹ an arrangement is shown whereby thin layers of the material to be distilled are held at a certain distance from one another by a series of grids η; the grids can partially rotate, but are kept in their normal position by levers m ² with weights m ^%.

Fig. 4 shows a Aufrifs of the gas generator a with steam jet g * and Luftregulirhahn o, stove p, fan r, opening s for loosening the fuel, lid w for drawing off the ashes etc. and lid w ^{x in} front of the peephole.

Fig. 5 shows in outline a general arrangement of a series of retorts or ovens with rails on which the carts for the coals or the like run, and the platform through which they are raised and lowered, t is the steam elevator, u the shaft for the counterweight, ν the rails.

Figs. 6 and 7 are two vertical sections, taken at right angles, and Fig. 8 is a basic outline of a coke oven, similar to the usual ones, but equipped with a combustion chamber p and trains c, below and around, of sufficient size to make a slow one To achieve the flow of the ignited gases and a uniform temperature, so that destruction of the masonry is prevented. The gases to be burned first enter the chamber p, then into the flues c ¹ and finally into c ² , in order to be fed from here through the main channel c ^{3 to the chimney.}

Fig. 9 is an end view, Fig. 10 is a plan view of gas generators showing the arrangement of connecting pipes which carry gases for heating the furnaces from the generators and coke ovens to the condensers and from here to the coke ovens and combustion chambers as well as below and lead trains arranged around the ovens. This heating takes place from the inside or outside, or from both sides, in order to obtain tar, ammoniacal products and the like, which are obtained by distillation, as well as for the production of coke, α α are the generators, y which are the outlets for the tar and the like. Products which, with the effectiveness of the ejector g ^1, enter the template e and from here into the condenser /. After the same the two. have flowed through the upper rings and have partially cooled down here, they are guided by the jet g ^s through the tubes g ⁱ g ⁱ , which form parts of a sedimentation vessel, to the second part / ^{1 of} the condenser. The gases and vapors formed in the coke ovens are fed through the pipe ζ ¹ into the receiver and from here flow together with the generator gases through the condensers and disposal vessels; the uncondensed parts return through the pipe ζ to the coke ovens. The latter can be supplied to the interior of the furnace through the pipe ζ ³ or the combustion chambers and flues through the pipe ζ ² , as desired; after the incineration they can be transmitted to the main train c ^s by the trains χ ¹ or c ^2.

Fig. 11 shows in outline a general arrangement of a series of coke ovens and gas generators according to this modification of the invention, f ¹ f ¹ are complexes of ovens, each of which contains twenty ovens, ff are condensers, ^ ¹ is a series of gas generators with steam lift t and u and rails v, similar to the device in FIG. 5.

Claims (1)

Patent ^claim: The apparatus described above and illustrated by the drawing for the separation of tar and other products from the gases by the introduction of one or more steam jets in connection with the arrangement of a regulating valve d and the air ducts x. For this purpose 2 sheets of drawings.