US824449A - Turbine-engine. - Google Patents

Description

2 SHEETS-SHEET 1.

PATBNTED JUNE 26, 1906.

C. J. START.-

TURBINE ENGINE.

APPLICATION FILED 001.20, 1905.

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Wi in es .s e s 4%! -fZ/@a 11M/Win07@ @@L PATENTED JUNE 26, 1906..

c. J. STUART. TURBINE ENGINE.

APPLICATION FILED 0OT.20, 1905.

2 SHEETS-SHEET Z.

ln Venier.

Witnesses.

Qotom.

herrn srarss -es.'rsivr lorries.

CHARLES .JURDEN STUART, 0F MGNTREAL, CANADA.'

TUFiBlhlE'ENGlNE..

ivo. salines.

Specification of "Letters sftent.

.llatented June 2,6, 1992?,

Application le OctoberZO, 1905. Serial No. 283,664.

To caZZ whom it may con/cern:

' Be it known that l, CHARLES JOURDEAN STUAn'r, a subject of the King of rGreat Britain, residing at 417 Duluth avenue, in the oity 'of `lt'lontreal, in the district of Montreal,

in the Province of Quebec, in the Dominion lspeoiiioation and illustrated in the accompan Tine' drawines that forni fartof the saine.

b .e i l The invention consists, essentially, of a easing having a suitable inlet and exhaust and bearings centrally disposed in the heads thereof, a pair of turbines journaled in the aforesaid bearings and having the inner termini oi` their hubs ooadiaeent within the oasing and their bladecarrying disks alternately arranged, respectively, a rotatable shafthavl ing a direct bearing onsaid hubs and extending therethrough, and clutches having one of their members rigid with the outer ends or said hubs and their other member mounted on said shaft.

The obieets of the invention are to' utilize the expansile fluid operating theI turbine to the fullest extent possible, to insure an eX- hanst at lowpresiure, to provide a reversing means which shall have a force substantially equal to the forward movement, and to devise a compact and duable construction Without materially'increasing the oost of pro-1v duotion in such machines.` i`

ln the drawir s, iiigurel is a longitudinal sectional view of the turbine and olutohes. Fig. 2 is a cross-sectional view' oi' the olutoh nieehanivii through A B in Fig. l. Fig. 3 is 've detail of a section of the tui;- Fig. il is a perspeetive detail of Fig. a perspeetix-*e detail of the blade. the retaining-wedge inserted between the blades cire-uniteientially. 6 is an enlarged perspective detail of a portion or" a packing ring or baille. Fig. 7 is a sectional detail ol' a duid-box adjacent to the clutches.

Lilie oharaeters of reference indicate oor-- responding parts in each ligure.

o is a turbine-easing having thi-:inlet b and the exhaust-opening c and the bearings d and in the heads thereof.

f represents bushings inserted in the bearings (Z and e.

g and lL are turbines formed of a plurality of disks i and j, respectively, lextending from lpassages throughout the blades.

the hubs le and Z, jou naled in the bearings d" and e, respectively.

my is a shaft extending through the hubs le and Z and beyond each head of the casing4 The hubs Zr: and Z terminate at their inner ends in proximity one to the other, and there is a direct bearing between the shaft and .the said hubs throughout the entire length oi the latter, though it must be understood that if it is considered advisable in construction to reduce the Weight of said hubs some of the metal may be removed from, the interior Wall and j are formed ol a pluralityof solid rings n and o, between which are interposed the blades p, thus having the rings and blades in said disks alternate radially. The blades p are euived throughout their entire length and have at the ends thereof the dovetailed tongues q, which lit into the dovetailed slots r in the rings n and 0.

s represents wedges filling in the slots r between the tongues q of the blades p and hav-V ing the teats t on the out'er surfaces of their inturned ilanges u, said tea-ts corresponding to and fitting into the holes o through the tongues q.

The innermost rings n of the turbine g are iirmly secured or torni part with the hub 7c, and their blades p extend therefrom to the `next rings, and from the next rings to out-er rings, and so on to the outermost rings. The innermost rings o of the turbine h encircle the hub Z between the innermost rings ln of the turbine g, and their blades @which are set in the opposite direction to the blades of the turbine g, extend to the next ring and from that ring to the next succeeding rings, and

so on until the outermost rings are reached, which are firmly secured to or form part ivi th the drinn w. "llhesaid drum w is rigidly sooiired to or 2terms part with a dislr 9:, through which are the openings y to and from the The dish :o is rigidly secured rto or forms part with the hub Z, to which is also secured the end dish oi' the disks j. t will be thus seen that the disks y' through the drum w, extend from and are supported ,by the hub Z, encircling the shaft m, and each of the disks j reaches in' between the disks fi, having their innergrings, as explained, encircling the hub Zr. ln this arrangement of disks, while the separate turbines are closely delined by their separate hubs, yet the eXpansile-fiuid passages z, 2, and 3 are through blades of both turbines ,intermediate of their length. The disks i said eliainbers are elosed Sii and when one of said turbines is held sta tioiiartT the other must inove through the e5:- pansion of the lluid as it travels throughout said passages.

4re resents eoinniunieating ports or passages roni the passages to the passages L2, and 5 represents ports l'i'onrtlie passages l to the passages 3. v

in order to utilize the luid sent into the passages z, 2, and 3 to the fullestl extent possible, the rings are. very elose together at the inlet to the passage s, and eonseipiently the blades very short. 'in the next disk, however7 the outer rings are a little l'arther apart and the blades a little longer than in the lirst, and so on throughout the several disks to the end ol" the passage At the beginning ole the passage. 2 the blades are a trille longer 'than at the end of the passage 2, and the said passage 2 gradually inereases in Width until it rear-hes the eoininunieating port to the passage Sil, and at the beginning ol the passage 3 the blades are. a trille longer than at the end olt the passa-ge 2. and the said passage 3 gradually Wideiisuntil it reaehes the exliaust, Where the blades are at. their longest.. ihus there is a gradual lare.l'roin the inlet to the passages until the exhaust` is reached. ift n'iust be here einphi'isized that in this arrangement of passages the fluid iininediately on entering is brought into eoiitaet with the shortest, blade of the turbine at the. eireuinl'erenee thereot where the greatest speed is required, and as its passes on more surl'aee area ol' blade is providedthat is, the steani in its more expanded state has a greater surl'aee area l'or its impact until it reaches the passage nearest. the shalt., where at a low pressure it; strikes the longest blades, and olj course the speed ol' the turbine at' this point is less than at. the. eirruinferenee ol' ll'1e\\.\l,eel. t`onser|uentltY there is an even distribution ol' power throughout the turbine.

(i represents annular slots l'ornied in the sides ol' the rings 'fifaud o and in the heads oll the easing ii.

T represents battles in the torni ol' rings and f. esta@ shalt rn. ilie outer l'aees ol' the disks 14 are ridged, and the said disks rotate with the shalt eoiitinuousl'v.

i7 riiikiresenls revoluble eylinders having their inner heads It; rigidlyseeured to or forining part withy the outer ends ot the hubs /r and I and eneonipassing the disks t4, which operate as pistons within said cylinders. The ej/linders I7 have the ridged inner surfaces l5) to their heads eorresponding to the ridged surtaees 16 of the disks l 4. 2t) represents airvents through the headsof the eylinders i7 to allow the est-.ape oi air freni between the sur- Vtaees 16 and 19. 21 re iresents boxes mounted on the shaft fm iininefliatelyadjoining the eyl* inders 17 and bers 8 through the inlets it). glands formed in the walls of the boxes 2l adjaeent to the shaft and in which are the battlerings ".23, having' the inturned flanges 24 and comniiinieatiug willi the chains eneireling the shattm between the v all ol the annular slots 25 and the annular rings '26 on the shalt, 27 represents pipes leading lroni a suitable exp-ansile-lluid supply through the inlets'tiuto the boxes 2l. (loininunieation is thus estalilisheiil trein the eXpansile-l'luid suppl,v througl'i the boxes 21 and the el'iainbers 8 into the eylinders 17 to operate the disks 14. Vl`he boxes 2l' are preferably split and have their halves seeiired tirinly together in order to lo rin the glands 22. 29 represents split straps surrounding the cylinders 17 and hinged at 30 and supported in the eireular traine 3 which is supported from the base 32. 33 represents eorrugations on the outer surfaces oti the straps 29, titting into corresponding recesses H4. in the interior Walls ot' the trames 3l The upper halves of the frames 31 are seeiirely/ bolt ed at 35 overthe said straps, and s'iillieient play is permitted said straps Within the l'raines to loosen their grips on the eylinders t7 and permit the said cylinders to revolve within the straps.

Sti represents eylinders supported on the 1 bases L and rigidly connected to thel wer inserted in the annularslotst, sotliat, any pressure olIv the expansile fluid lron'i one [luidpassage will foree a baille slot band sile lluid to the next passage.

rl`he shaft in at the ends thereoil whiehy exhalvesol' thestraps 2t) bjftlielnirs?` lrepresen'is slotsin the bars'37,and 39 represents threaded belts inserted through the washers i sitiand into eorrespondiugly-threaded oritiees 7 to the wall oll its l elleetnallyprevent esrape otl e:\'pan- 4l in the standards 4`Zot` tliel'raines, the washers 4t) loosely abutting the outer surlaees ol' the r bars. l re iresents nistonso ieratinlfin the tend beyond the easing n, is hollowed, lornialt. 'lhe al. the ends by the plugs Si, but have the inlets l() and the ouiletsl i periphery ol' said shaft and toward eaeh end thereof. 13 represents tei'ithers inserted in said slots. the shafts Iiftowardeach end thereof and having the slots @.5 across the inner wall thereol' e irri pending to the feathers i3 and perniitn ling a sliding iiiotion .for said disks along the 'ing the chambers 8 within said sh l2 representslongitudinal slots in the cylinders Bti and having the rods 44 therelironi pixf'otallyeonneeted at 45 to the upper halves ott he straps 2Q. 46 and 47 are inlet and exhaust openings to theevlinders 36. lt may be here explained that the eori'ugationsfrom the outer surliaees ol the straps iti'ing into the reeesses in the. stall oi the traine will prevent the said i4 represents disks mounted on straps .l'roni rotating with the evlinders t7, and through the action ol the pistons 43 in tlie'evhnders 36 said straps will ne either 'gripped seeurehr4 to the' said ely'linders I7*y keeping them from rotating, or loosened therefrom 'to permit of their tree rotation,

22 represents IlO -tlnl pull ci' the rod 44,

according to the position ot' the pistons in the cylinders.

lu thc operation of this engine expansible l'luid from a suitable source oi supply enters through the. inlet l) in the casing L and on to the entrance oil' the passage e, where the blades of the turbines are at their shortest, and there passes on and exerts pressure on the blades of' every alternate disk as the blades of the other disk are set in the opposite directii'in and the turbine held by the clutch mechanism, as hereinafter incre fully explained. The expansile iiuid passes on through the passage e and on through the passages 2 and 3 by means or" the connectingports 4 and 5 and causes the turbine, which. is'free, to rotate. The iiuid as it reaches the innermost set of blades is ahnost Jfully expanded, and therefore is allowed a greater surface. to Work on, and the final exhaust througy the epeninv' cis at very low pressure. oincidentally with the turning on of expansile iluid to the turbine-casing fluid is admitted to one oi't the cylinders 17 through a box 21. In the meantime the pressure of iluid in the cylinder 36, immediately beneath the i cylinder 17, which is being operated, is eX- hausted and iiuid adniitted through the inlet e7, raising the piston, and thus relieving the gripct the strap 29 on the cylinder 17 and leaving the latter'free to rotate. The entrance of the fluid into the cylinder l? in o eration forces the disks le apart toward t e heads, which are ridged correspondingly with the outer surfaces of the disks, thus insuring the rotation oi' the said disks with the cylinder 1T.

In the description of the parts in detail it has already been explained that the heads of the cylinders i7 and the hubs oic the Wheels arerigidl'y secured together or formed of the same piece,` and in this instance I shall for convenience describe the operation of the cylinder l?, secured to the hub'c. ViThen'it is desired to revolve the shaft in the direction for which the blades are set in the turbine g, the cylinder l?, secured to the hub l, is sccurcly gripped by its strap 29 through the turning-on oi luid into the. inlet 46 in its lowercylinder 36. v This pull oi the pistonrod on the upper halt ol the strap pulls down on said upper haii 5 but in order to obviate the diliiculties incident to too great a pull in one direction the cilinder 36 rises slightly against This will raise the lower half of the strap, and bet-Ween the downward pull on the upper hall and the upward motion of the tower hahc the cylinder" 17 is iirrnly gripped to prevent it iroin rotating. The disks 14 in the said cylinder i7 are free to rotate therein, and consequently will turn with any motion oi'V the shaft. The hub which is secured tothe tree cy linder 17, is set in motion by the turbine g. This causes the said cylinder 1,7 to revolve, and as the disks le forni a secure clutch on the heads of said cyl-- indcr the said disks will revolve, and also the shaft, in the direction impelled byisaid turbine.

To reverse the motion of the sh aft, the cylinder 17, which has been rotating, is gripped in the. same manner as above described and the other cylinder is released by loosening the strap and Huid is turned on thereinto and through. its connection with the hub l the lis thus provided in Which the-rotating turbine turns in a substantially stationary frame throughout.

Vilhat l claim as my invention is l. In a turbine-engine, the combination with the casing having a suitable inlet and exhaust and bearings centrally disposed in the heads thereof, of a pair of turbines journaled in the aforesaid bearings and having the inner termini of their hubs coadjacent Within the casing and their blade-carrying disks alternately arranged res iectiveiy, a rotatable shaft having a direct and extending therethrough, and clutches having one of? their rneinbers rigid Wi th the outer ends of said hubs and their other ineinber mounted on said shaitfas and. for the purpose speciiied.

2. In a turbineengine, the combination with the casing having a suitable inlet and exhaust and bearinos centrally disposed in the heads thereof, o? a turbine having nlurality of disks rigidly secured to the hub thereof, said disks having blades interposed radially', and a turbine having disks alternating with the aforesaiddisks and biades set in the opposite directiony and supported from a hub extending into proximity yvi th the aforesaid hub at its inner end, a ,shafthaving a direct bearing on said huh's at their inner and outer ends, and clutches adjoining the outer endsof said hubs, as and for the purpose speciiied. n

3. ln a turbine-engine, the combination with the casing having a suitable iniet and exhaust and bearings centrally disposed in the heads thereof, of a pair of turbines journaled in the aforesaid bearings and having theinner ends of theirhubs terminating coadjacent within the casing, and disks extending from said hubs alternately arranged, said disks having blades interposed radially, and

set in opposite directions in said turbines respectively and forming a plurality of fluidearing on said hubs lOO passages flaring l'rom a. narrow inlet to a eomparativelyr Wide outlet aduiaeent to the shalt', a shalt, extending through said huhs, and suitahle eliiteh meelianism, as and lor the purpose speeitied. i

4. ln a turhine-engine, the eomhiiiation with the easing having a su'itahle inletI and exhaust and hearings eentrall)l disposed in the heads thereol, ol a pair ol tui'hines journaled in the aloresaid hearings and having the inner termini ol their liuhs eoadiaeent Within the easing and a pluralityy ol' disks extending radially lroi'n one ol' said liuhs and a plurality ol disks arranged alternatel with the aforesaid disks and extending from a druin earried hy a disk rigid with the other huh, 'said disks having hlades interposed at intervalsradially, forming a eontinuous tluid'- passage l'roni lthe. eireiimtert-nee inwardly, a shalt extending through said huhs, and eluteh meinhers mounted on said shalt eoaeting with rlutrh memhers rigid with the outerendsof said huhs, as and lor the purpose speeitied.

'ln turhine-engine, the eoinhination with the easing having a suitahle inlet. and

. exhaustand hearings eentrally disposed in the heads thereof, ola pair ol turhines journaled in the aforesaid hearings, a shalt ei;-

tendiiig through the liiihs ol said turhines, revoluhle eylmders having their inner heads rigid with the outer end ol said hulis and rigid inner surfaces to their heads, )airs ol' disks slidahly arranged on said shalt within said cylinder and rotating therewith and having rigid outer surlaees, means loi' leeding lluid to said rylinders, and means lor holding one of said tn il'lindeis stationary, as and for the purpose speeilied.

(i. ln a tiii'liiiie-engiue, the eoinliination with the easing having a suitahle inlet and exhaust and hearings eentrallj,r disposed in the heads thereol',ol a, pair ol turhines journaled in the aloresaid hearings, a shalt extending through the liuhs ol' said iurhines andharing lluid-ehamherstliere\\'ithin at. the ends thereol and inlets an'd outlets to said eliainher, a pair ol tf \'linders rigid with the outer ends ol' said hnlis resi'ieetivel)V and having ridged inner surlaees to their heads, a l

pair of disks in eaeli ol said ei'linders haring A tendaig through the huh` ol said Iiirhines ridged 'outer surlaees eorrespondiiig to the aforesaid inner surlaeesail the erlinders and keyed to said shalt and slidingr laterall thereon, and fluid-hoses haring inlets and eneireling the inlets to said ehiiiii-liers. as and lor the purpose sperilied.

7. ln a turhine-eiigine, the romhinatioii with the easing having a suitalile inlet and exhaust and hearings eentrall;v dispos-ed iii the heads thereof', ol a pair ol tiirhines inurnaled in the aloresaid hearings, a shalt extending through the huhs ol said tni'hines and liollo\\'ed lroni eaeli end and plugs elosing the ends and loi-ming rhamhers within said shalt having suitahle inlet-s and outlets, lliiidhoses haring inlets and immediately adjoining said e \'linders and surrounding the inlet to said fliainhers, a pair ol disks keyed to said shalt within esirh ol said i"\'linders and sliding li'eelv along on said keys and means loiI grippiii il one ol said erlinders and holding the saine stationaiy, as and lor the purpose speriiied.

H. ln a turl iiiu-eiigine, the eouihini'ttion with the easng haring a .suitahle inlet and exhaust and l iarings eentrally disposed in the heads thei'eol, ola paii oi' tiirhiiies lioni'- naled iii the aloi'esaid li iarings, a shalt extending through tli` huhs, el said tiirhines, having hollowed endsl and plugs in said ends 'lorniing ehainliers haring inlets and outlets, apair ol eylinders inelosing the outlets li'oin said rhamhers and havingl i'idged inner surlaees to their heads, disks in eaeh ol said erlinders eat-h having a rldged surlaee meeting the aforesaid ridgeti sui'laees, liiid-ho.\es surrounding the inlets to said elianihers and having inlets thereto, hinged straps ent-.ireling said eylinders, and means loi' tightening orloosening said straps around said e \linders,

` as and lor the gun-pose speeilied.

tl. ln a tur)ine-engine. the eonihimition with the easing haring a suitahle inlet and exhaust and hearings eentrallv disposed iii the heads thereof, ol a pair ol tiirhines iournaled in the aforesaid hearings, a shalt having ehainhers Formed therewit hin at the ends thtireol and suitahle inlets and outlets, a pair ol revoluhle eylindeis haring ridged inner surlaees to their heads, a pair ol disks in each ol said (',ylii'idfrs having i'idged outersurlaees, split traps haiged and havin;r eorrugat ions on the onler sui'laees tlu reol, eireular trames supported liom hases and having reeesses in their inner walls eorresponding to the aloresaid eorrugations in the'straps, and lluid-ryliiiders on said lisses having pistons ronneeted l suitahle rods to one ol the halves ol eat-ir oll said straps, as and lor the purpose sperilied.

lt). ln a tiirhne-engine, the eoinhination with the easng hat'ing a suitahle inlet and exhaust and hearings eentralli' disposi-t! iii the heads tliei'eol, ola pair ol tiirhines purnaled ii the nlh'rtsaid lieaiiinfs, a shalt LA" i haring t-liainhers lorined thereu'itliiii at the ends'ihereol and .-:iiitahle inlets and outlets i thereto. a plurality ol ei'linders rigid with IOO said straps, pistons operating therein and rods therefrom pivotelyY connected to the upper hall of each of the said straps, und boxes surrounding und inlets to the chambers in the said shalt and having inlets thereto, as and lor the purpose specified.

1l. ln a, device of the class described, in combination, n casing, a turbine `iournaled therein, a shaft exti-niding through seid cssing and turbine, u revoluble c vlinder rigidly connected with said turbine und having corrugated inner surfaces to its heads, a pair ol' pistons operating in sind cylinder und keyed on suid shalt havingr u free lateral motion thereon, means lor introducing lluid to seid c vlinder between said pistons, and .means for arresting the rotation ot seid cylinder, :is and for the purpose specilied. f

l2. ln a device of the class described, in 'combinatioin a casing having n suitable inlet und exhaust, a turbine suitabl)r journaled in said casing, n shalt extending through said casing and turbine, u revoluhle cylinder rigidly connected with said turbine und having corrugated inner surfaces to its bends und air-vents theretlnwnigh, a Apair of pistons opA erating in snid cylinder having corrugated surl'nces correspoinling to the. aforesaid corrugz'ited surfaces, ineans lor introducing fluid between seid pistons, u split strap hinged encircling seid cylinder and having a corrugated periphery, :i circular freine supported l'roin a suitable base und having' recesses in the inner .vull thereof corresponding to the Corrugut-ions ol the stre-p und encircling the. latter, u cylinder supported on the said'bnse and having n rigid eoin'iectirni with the lower haii oi' said strap, e )iston operating in said c :linder und a rod therefrom pivotellvv connected to the upper hull' ol sind strap, :is und l'or the purpose specilirwl.

i3. ln :i device ol the class descrilitd in crnnbiinition, :i rinsing having suittible inlets and evlnnists,n` turbine journnled in said casing, a sbntt, hollowed from the end thereol' forming n, el'nnnber having suituble inlets and outlets, und efrtending through said turbine und casing, e revoluble cylii'ider, having rigid connection with said turbine, ridged inner surfaces to its heads und rnountedon said shattnnd inclosing the aforesaid outlets, u pnir ot' disks having correspondinglv-ridged surfaces and slideblv arranged on said shaft within said cylinder and rotatable with said halt, a i uid-box having suitable inlet and encircling said shalt and inclosing the etoresaid inlets und having glzinds in the wells thereof, a circular ironie surrounding seid evlinder having recesses in the inner well therein :ind supprn'ted troni n suitable bese, n, hinged strap huving corrugntions corresilonding 'to the seid rev fes und encircling id c inder, :i verticzill vurrange l vlinder sting en the r-.lioresziid buse having rigid rniii'n'tii-:l 'with the lower halt' ol seid strap and suitable inlets and exhausts, a piston operating therein, und n rod therefrom pivotally connected to the upper halt ole said strap, as and for the purpose specitied.

14. ln a device ot the class described, in combination, :i casing having a suitable inlet end exhaust, a` turbine journuled in sind caslng, extending through said turbine and casing, a fluid-controlled clutch meehenisl'n mounted on said s-hztiit und connected with said tur bine, a stationery box encircling said shaft having n suitable inlet and connections with said lluidrontrolled clutch mechanism, end glands formed in slots in the wells ot said box having baille-rings with inturned iienges encircling said shalt in theA interstices be tween annular projections trein seid shaft and the wells of the slots in W- ich stud glands are formed, as and tor the purpose spec-ined.

l5. ln u device of the class described, in combination, u casing having a suitable inlet and exhaust, a shaft, a turbine journuled in said casing, having u hub, a plurality of rings rigid with sind hub, a plurality ot' curved blades oli gruduallv-varyiwf length bevinning troni the outermost. blad es inwardly, and extfenning from said rings to an interi'nediete plurulitv ot rings, a'plurslit)Y oi" curved blades extending troni sindifnterinediute rings und grzuluully varying in length, beginning frein the outermost blades at the other side of the easing, andextending to a second intermediate plurality of' rings, a plurality et curved blades extending from the lett-er rings and ver vinf-vy Vin length beginning freni the other side or the casing', end extending to the outermost rings, said tblades forming e, fluidpnssage, having e narrow inlet and gradually lnring in the passage along through the vna shaft having annular projections and f rions sets of blades to n wide exhaust neer the shaft, and for the purpose specified.

lo. .ln a device of the class described, in combination, u casing having suitable inlet und exhaust und connecting ports, e shalt, a turbine having hub `iourin'ded in seid casing,'rings extending troni seid hub und rigid therewith, blaues l:rtending from seid rings, rings connected. to the outer end of said blades, blades extending 4from the letter rings and connected to rings at their outer ends, und blades extending outwardly from the last-named rings und secured to the outermost rings, and annuler. slots in the sides of all ot said rings and in theu sides er" the casing adjacent to seid rinffs, and buiieqings introduced in seid annular slots, es and for the purpose specified.

17. In a device of the class described, in combination, i1. casing having suitable inlet and exhaust and connecting p rts, a turbine having a hub journuled in said casing, a plu rnlity of rings rigid with said hub having doveteiled slots et their outer ends, u plural ity of rings .ha-ving annular dovetailed slots,

blades having dm'r'ftnilnd tnngiins l'itinfr inn;

the saidv dnvnmilud slots, wedges having in- Lliincd llznwifs lillnnf in said dnviiziilnd sluis between snid dow-lliilnd longues snid blades and sind rings bningr niinnggnn mdizilly in l'ni'ni :i [luid-passing f fi'zidunilx" ilzningf iiiinn the inln zidjzmonl in thil vii-cninl'ni'uncn in ihn exhaust adjmzinl in ihn hnb, bniiiv-iings in Lindnnud in einnnl; i' sluis in ihn sidis nl send ring-s and (-.zisiig bnlwnnn hn lhiid-lnziss; :ind n shun,- ihxnngh sind ini-bhw und (fusing, as und im' ihn pin'iinsn sim-invii.

in hn sidns mi ihn rings, :ind bnllizf-i'ings in combination, i casing having a Suitable inloll :ind nxhnust, n turbine journnled in said caising und formed oi' a plui'zllity 0l 'rings having innnhn dovetuii slots, and :L plurality nl fciiiwd blades having dovemil Longues al, mmh vnd thereof litbihg into sniddnveinii sluis, :ind iQ/n'iovnble wedges il'liiv'nninggF beiivnnn said Lnnguns in said slots, :is and hn ihn piiinnsii spfiifilind.

2U, ln n, d-wicn nl'thn class described, in vninbinntinn, il, using hzwingr a snilnibh; inlet l :nid nxhnnsl, n ilir'bin joui'iiziled in said cusinj-f and lniniod nlA n nhu'nlity ni 'rings having :nnnils' dm'ntnil slots, and u piiu'ulity nl in'rvwd blzidns having dnvntsnl tongues LL wnh ond ihoi'nnl' hiking: into said dnvn'nii finis smid :innnhii' sluis, :i shrill, uxnnding Linneni'h V sind hnbs, und clinch inni-,lmnisin uoininirlnd L0 smid lnibin :ind shall, :is und ini' ihn innpuse sinrfiilind.

in n. dmficn 0l' ih@ uniss ns thiniwh snid inngjniis, .find

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