US822069A - Turbine. - Google Patents

Description

7 PATENTBD MAY 29 G. L. MUNDIGLER. I

I TURBINE. APPLICATION FILED MAR. 7, 1900.

3 SHEETS-SHEET 1.

WITNEISS s.

INVENTOI? No. 822,069. PATENTED MAY 29, 1906. G. L. MUNDIGLER.

TURBINE.

APPLICATION FILED MAE. "I, 19 06.

3 SHEETS-SHEET 2.

r Y w PATBNTED MAY 29, 1906.

G- L. MUNDIGLER.

TURBINE.

APPLICATION FILEDVMAR. 7, 1906.

3 SHEETS-SHEET 3.

ATTORNEYS ,GEORG LEOPOLD MUN DIGLER,

OF MILWAUKEE, WISCONSIN.

TURBINE.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented May 29, 1906.

Application filed March '7, 1906. Serial No. 804,721.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, Gnone LEOPOLD MUN- DIGLER, a subject of the Emperor of Austria- Hungary, and a resident of Milwaukee, in the county of Milwaukee and State of Wisconsin,

have invented a new and Improved Turbine, of which the following is a specification.

My invention is animprovement in steamturbines of the Parsons type, whereby I have reduced the cost and increased the efficiency of the same.

The details of construction, arrangement, and operation of parts are as hereinafter set forth, and illustrated in the accompanying drawings, in which Figure 1 is a perspective view of my improved turbine. Fig. 2 is a diagrammatic sectional view illustrating in detail the construetion and arrangement of the steam-inlets and guides with reference to the radial shaftblades. Fig. 3 is in part a longitudinal section and in part a side view of my turbine. Fig. 4 is an irregular crossesection on the line 4 4 of Fig. 3. Fig. 5 is an irregular cross-section on the line 5 5 of Fig. 3. Fig. 6 is a perspective'view of one of the'combined steaminlet tubes and guides. Fig. 7 is a plan view of one of the conical sections of the inner casing of the turbine.

For ready distinction of the movable fmm the immovable parts of the turbine I will hereinafter designate the former by numerals and the latter by lower-case letters.

Referring to Figs. 1 and 3, 41 indicates the outer cylindrical casing of the turbine, and b the inner casing thereof. The latter is constructed in two duplicate parts, each being conical and the smaller ends of the cones being placed opposite and bolted together with an intervening annular partition 0, which surrounds the shaft 1 and forms a steam-tight joint therewith. The outer ends of the inner casing-sections b are riveted at d to the ends and conical-heads a. of the outer casing. Thus all the parts a, 0., I), and c are rigidly connected. The steam or other motive uid is admitted at the top and ce'nterof the outer casing a by a pipe 0 and enters an annular space 00, which exists between the casings a and I). Exhaust is provided for at each end of the casings by means of the conical hollow heads a, the same having pendent portions a with which exhaust-pipcsf are connected,

the same leading to a common discharge 9.

I will now describe the connection and arrangeinent of parts constituting the shaftpro elling media proper. As in the Parsons an other well-known forms of steam-turbine,

the shaft 1 is provided with a series of eir-' cumferential rows of blades which are angular or curved in cross-section, the rows being commonly spaced a art to receive corresponding blades Whic are fixed to the casing.

In my turbine, as in others of its general class,"

the steam or other .motive fluid has axial flow; but I provide numerous inlets for the steam, whereby it passes from the annular steam-space as into spaces between the series of circumferential rows of blades. that are fixed to the shaft 1. The means I employ for this urpose are tubes arran ed in series hut. See Figs. 2,3,6, and 7. since the inner casing-sections b are duplicates, both as totheir construction and form per'saand the steam-inlet tubes and the blades connected therewith, it will be understood that the following description applies to one as well as the other. As shown in Fig. 6, each tubeis slotted longitudinally, and it is arranged radially within the inner casing b, it being secured thereto at the outer end by a screw-joint or other preferred form of j oint. In every case the arrangement of the tube is such that the longitudinal slot Z is on the outer sidc-that is to say, on the side toward the adjacent conical end a of the casing aso that the steam admitted to the several tubes escapes in one direction and hasan axial flow relative to the shaft 1. The first row of steam-inlet tubes 72. is arranged between the annular partition '0 and the adjacent row of shaft-blades 6, and the next row of steam-inlet tubes is arranged between the said shaft-blades 6 and the next row of shaft-blades 7. The inner ends of the tubes h i are preferably closed, as indicated in Fig. 3, and abut or are close 'to the periphery of the shaft 1. The length of the blades of the two series of shaft-blades 6 and 7 is also such that they extend to the inner periphery of the casing a. Thus the steam )ing from the'tangential slots Z (see Fig. 2) o the tubes h and i enters the space between the shaft blades 6 and 7 of the adjacent series throughout nearly their whole length. In other words, the escape of steam from the tubes h i and the reaction thereof on the shaft-blades 6 and 7 is throughout almost the entire length of thelatter. With respect to the remaining steam-inlet tubes 7c and the shaft-blades with which. they are con nected and coact the case is different. Owing to the conical form of the inner casing b,it is apparent that the outer series of shalt-blades would require to be of great length or at least of greater length than is usually considered practicable. This is compensated for in the ordinary type of Parsons turbine by providing the shaft with a series of circumferential enlargements or drums, upon the pe,

ripheries of which the blades arranged, the wheel being thus distinguished by what are called. stages. 1 dispense with this ar- .rangement and provide a freer escape of steam and also attain greater power as well as reduction of weight and cost of the turbine. l divide the longer blades into two parts or radial sections, as indicated in Figs. 3 and 4. Thus the blades 8, hich are fixed radially on the shaft 1, extend to and are connected with the ring 9, and the bases of the entire-series of outer blades 8 are also connected with the same ring 9. In other words, the blades 8 and 8 constitute two distinct series'arranged in radial alinement, the outer ends of one and tr e inner ends of the other seri as being rigidly connected. Thus the blades of each series 8 8 are practically short and have therefore corresponding strength. The same arrangement. is adopted in respect to the outer series of blades 10 10) Thus, as shown in Fig. 3, the inner blades 10 are connected their outer ends with the ring 11,.

and the bases of the outer blades 10 are fixed in this ring. The ring 11 thus intervenes the two series cl blades 10 10 and rigidly connects the outer. ends of the series 10 and forms a -firm seat for the outer-series 10*.

The steam-inlet tubes j k of the two outer rows or series are practically of about the same length as the tubes of the inner series h c', and hence the steam which scapcs from the tubes h acts mainly upon the adjacent blades 8 and 10 of the two outer series of shaft-blades, access of steam from such tubes 9' to the inner series of shaft-blades 8 and "i being c at oil by the rings 9 and 1 1. it necessary, however, to prov'id efixcd angular guides for steam between the inner series of shaftblades, and-these will be of a length equal to the distance between the inner ends oi the tubes It" and the shaft 1. As indicated, (see Fig. 3,) guido-blades m are fixed at their outer ends in a ring 71, thatjoins the inner ends of the tubes There are thus two rings/n, which a re concentric with the shaft 1 and located cqui'distantly from the pcriphcry oi'ithc conical inncr'casing ('1 and constitute a firm. support for the stationary guideblades m, which intervene the shaft-blades. it will be seen that l arrange a series of rows of steam-inlet tubes h i in around the inner casing l), the same proj ccti-ng inward between seaoee the shaft-blades and being arranged with their slotted sides adjacent to the shaftblades, so as to deliver steam directly thereto, and, further, that in the space where the conical form of the casing would otherwise necessitate too long shaft-blades the latter are divided into two radial series whose outer and inner ends are connected by a ring. Further, it will be seen that while the steam ad mitted to the first two tubes h i acts upon the adjacent shaft-blades 6 7 throughout their entire length the steam admitted to the tubes y' la acts upon the outer series of divided blades 8 and 10. A portion of the steam which reacts upon the blades 6 and 7 passes in an axial direction alongside the shaft 1. and acts upon the base portions of the shaftblades 8 and 10, it being guided from one set to the other by the intervening fixed blades m, that project inward from the rings n, which connect the inner ends of. the tubes As will be observed from an inspection of Figs. 2 and 3, the steanr-inlet tubes are not made of such diameter as to completcl y fill the space between the shaft-blades, but are made of about one-half the diameter of said space and are provided with tangential flanges 0, which constitute so many steamguidcs. 1n other words, the flanges pro ect in such direction and are so arranged as to be parallel to the planes of the shaft-blades which may be brought directly opposite to them. The steam thus passes easily from the shatt-blades after acting thereon along the surfaces of the flanges 0 and around the adjacent portion of the tubes proper, and thus enters between the shatt-blades of an adjacent series and acts thereon, as before.

It will be seen that the several tubes provide for a free admission of steam between and adjacent to the shaft-blades, so that a powerful reaction on the latter is obtained, and, further, that the arrangement of the tubes is such as to provide the roost escape of steam axially, while securing the highest effect due to reaction. In brief, 1 provide a clearance space for steam, which enlarges from the inner to the outer end of the inner casing b and in which there are no surfaces directly opposing the progress of the steam save those by which reaction and power are obtained. other words, the steam does not meet at any point with a radial shoulder or abutment, as in the case of the drum or stage construction of turbine, and by the provision of short outer steam-inlet tubes a free space is left adjacent to the shaft for passage of tho steam admitted from the j'n'imary inlet-tubes or those located nearest the inner smaller end of the casing. Again, by the division of the inner casing into two duplicate parts which enlarge from their meeting ends outward the steam which enters each travels a comparaupon theshaft, and thusI obtain in power a much greater effect than would be practicable were the steam'to traverse a casing having the aggregated length of both the conical sections.

What I claim is- 1. In a turbine of the class indicated, the combination with a rotary shaft and an outer casing, of an inner casing of conical form, the two -casings be ng rig dly connected and a free steam-space intervening them, a series of steam-inlet tubes attached to and arranged rad-ally in circular rows in the inner casing and provided with openings in the outer side, and a series of radial blades fixed on the shaft and intervening such tubes, substantially as described.

2. In a turb ne of the class indicated, the combi nation with a rotary shaft having a series of radial blades, and an outer casing, of an inner casing of conical form, the two casings being separated to space, a series of steam-in et tubes attached to and arranged radially within the inner easing, and provided with tangential lateral t guides, substantially as described.

3. The combination with a rotary shaft having a series of radial blades, and an outer casing, of an ,inner casing having a double conical form and its enlarged ends being secured to the outer casing, an annular partition separating the inner casing-sections from each other, a series of steam-inlet tubes arranged radially in and secured to the inner casing, and provided with o enings in'the r outer sides and tan ential anges on their rear or inner sides, su stantially as described.

4. The combination with a rotary shaft having circumferential rows of blades, and an outer casing, of an inner casing having a conical form and secured to the outer casing,

and a. space intervening them for free admission of steam, a series of steam-inlet tubes attached to and arranged within the inner casing and provided with 'openin s in their outer sides which are adjacent to t 1e rows of shaft-blades, the shaft being of'uniform diameter and the steam admitted at the sev-' eral points by the several series of tubes pass-' ing axially and radually expanding between the shaft and t 1e gradually-enlarging space provided by the conical form of the casing, substantially as set forth.

5. The combination with a rotary shaft having a un form diameter and the several series of radial blades, and an outer cylindrical casing, of an inner casing secured at its outer ends to the outer casing and having 'a conical form, steam-inlet tubes arranged radially within the/inner casing and secured to the periphery thereof, the same being arranged in circumferential rows and spaced apart, and intervenng the shaft-blades, several of the outer series of shal t-blades beingdirovide a 'steamfformsa firm base for the outer set, substantially as described.

6. .The combination with a rotary shaft and an outer casing, of an inner casing hav ing a conical form and provided with several series of steam-inlet tubes hav ng slots in their outer sides adjacent to the shaft-blades, the tubes nearest the inner end of the conical casing extending to the shaft and adjacent the shaft-blades extending to the periphery of the casing, the succeeding or outer series of steam-inlet tubes extending-but part way to the shaft, their inner ends being connected by rings and a series of steam-guides being attached to said ring and projecting radially inward, and the shaft-blades which coact with such guides being correspondingly divided each into two sets, a ring intervenin the two sets and connecting the outer ends 0 I the inner set and furnishin the base for the outer set, substantially as escribed.

7. The combination with a rotar shaft and an outerand inner casing rigidy connected thereto, of a series of steam-inlet tubes having openings in their outer sides, the tubes of the several series being approximately uniform in length so that those in the outer rows are removed from the shaft, while ends, and a series of guide-blades m being attached thereto and projecting radially inward, the shaft being provided with several series of rad al blades intervening a series of tubes, whereby steam admitted to the tubes at the inner end of the casing-acts upon the adjacent blades throughout their whole" length while the steam entering the tubes of the outer series acts only upon the outer ortion of the blades, substantially as descri ed.

8.- The combination with a shaft having a uniform diameter, of a surrounding casing which is tapered from one end to the other, a series of steam-inlet tubes arran ed radially within and secured to the perip cry of the casingand provided with slots on the side toward the outer end of the casing, the tubes of the several series being of nearly the same length, and a ring rigidly connecting their inner ends, and a series of inner tubes arranged radially within the ring and their outer ends attached thereto, a series of blades projecting inward from the ring and serving as steamguides, the blades on that portion of theshaft adjacent to the inner tubes being extended to the length permitted by the diameter of the casing and the bladcson the outer portion of the shaft being formed in two sets with an'intervening ring to which they are secured, steam having thus direct passage from the inner end of the casing to the outer end par allel to the shaft, and another portion of the IIO I 9. The combination with a shaft having radial blades and a surroundil easing, of

steaniinlet tubes secured to th e said casing and projecting inward between the shaftblades and provided with openings on the sides which are close to the latter and on their opposite sides'With guidefla11ges that extend to the row of blades in rear of the tubes, substantially as described.

G eaaeee 10. The combination with a shaft having radial blades and a surrounding casing, of a series of steam-inlet tubes attached to and projecting inward from the periphery hi the casing and having on. their outer sides openings for discharge of steam upon the adjacent blades, substantially as described.

GEORG LEOPOLD MUNDIGLER.

Witnesses:

EDGAR L. W001), JOSEPH P. Niel-hem.

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