US821599A - Steam-turbine. - Google Patents

Description

PATENTED MAY 22, 1906.

yJ. sTUMP-F. STEAM TURBINE.

APPLICATION FILED FEB. 24, 1903.

2 SHEETS-sum1.

l InvenJCor: Johann Stumpf.

No. 821,599. PATENTED MAY 22, 1906.

` J. STUMPF.

STEAM TURBINE.

APYLIGATION FILED PEB. 24, 1903.

' 2 SHEETS-SHEET 24 amg.

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UNTTED sTATlas PATENT oFFIoE.

JOHANN STUMPF, OF OHARLOTTENBURG, GERMANY, `ASSIGrNOR TO GrEN-A ERAL ELECTRIC COMPANY, A CORPORATION OF NEW YORK.

STEANl-TUHBINE- Y no. senese.

Spccicaton of Letters Patent.

Patented May 22, 1906. l

, Application led February 24, 1903. Serial No. 144,680.

" tain new and useful improvements in rSteam lzo or Gas Turbines, of which the following is an Y exact specification. TO

My invention relates to improvements in steam or gas turbines, andinore especially to such turbines in which the pressure of the steam orcompressedfgas is transferred into streaming velocity, which is utilized in 'one or several bucket-rims., In such turbines the number of revolutionsde ends upon the.

number of bucket-rims to w 'ch the steam flows. .y 4

It often occurs that the number of revolutions of a turbine has to be altered or changed, especially in case the turbine Ais used for ldriving scieW-propellers, pumps, or the like. In the turbines hitherto constructed the consumption of steamwas always increased ii the number of revolutions had to be reduced. In order to do away with this* disadvantage, I provide my new invention, which consists in a turbine provided with several turbine-wheels or several rows ofbuckets in one turbine-Wheel, means. being provided for running the turbine with one or several rows of buckets, in which latter case shovels or buckets, so-called return buckets, are provided, which lead the steam leaving the buckets of one turbine-wheel linto the buckets of thel Jfollowing one or in case of several-parts, each of which parte can be `used 'for driving the turbine.

part of the nozzlerm no returrkbuckets may b'e provided at all; in the second art one row of return-buckets may be provi ed, so ythat in case this 'part works two rows of turbine-wheel bucketsxare at'work; in the third part two rows lofI return-buckets may be provided, so that in this case three rows.

of turbine-wheel buckets may be 'at fwork, and so on. l' In order to make :my invention more clear,

yconnected to this chamber e2.

In the first' I refer to the accompanying drawings, in whichl' l Figure 1 is a vertical section of a turbine constructed according to my; invention. Eig. 2 is a section of the same at right-angle to the section shownin Fig. 1. Figs. 3, 4,

`and 5l are respectively cross-sections at lines It will be seen from the drawings that in the example shown the nozzle-rim f', r0- vidediwith the nozzles f, is divided into t ee parts marked LII, and III. For each part vided, each receiving motiveliuid from a conduit h. In the are provided, as will be seen from Fig. 3, taken on line sc of Fi 2. `In the art II one row of return-bue ets isprovi ed, as will be seen from the section yy, Fig. 4. In the part III two rows of such return-buckets are rovided, as will be seen Jfrom the section z z, ig. 5. b" b' b2 are three turbine-wheels- The effect of the turbine is as follows: If steam is admitted to the, chamber e', the steam will lowthrough the Inozzles f, connected to this chamber e', into the buckets of the turbine-wheel b.' As in that part of the nozzle-rim which is suppliedv with steam by the admission-chamber e no return-buckets are rovided, the steam leaving the buckets of t e turbine-wheel bwill not be further utilized. The turbine will therefore run with a high number of revolutions, as the whole streaming velocity is utilized in one row of buckets. If the number of revolutions is to -bereduced, the admission-steam is cut ofi* from thechamber e e and is admitted to the' chamber e2, so that the steam impinges upon the turbine-wheel b through' the nozzles' j, As will be seen from the section Fig. 4, one row of return-buckets gis provided in this part ofthe nozzle-rim, so that the steam' leavin` the buckets ofthe turbine-wheel t at that side at which the return-buckets g are situated is led intol the buckets of`the turbineewheelb. If the number of revolutions is still further to be --reduced, the steam is admitted to the chamber e3, so that the steam leaving thev turbine-wheel b is by the return-buckets g and g led into the turbine-wheels b and b2.

part I no return-buckets `a special admission-chamber e eZ es. is pro- TOO It the number of revolutions of the turbine -ro 5 is altered to the considerable extent attained by the construction above described, losse-sv arise in the turbine by the angle of delivery of the steam-*that is to say, by the' angle at Which the inlet-nozzles `meet the circumference of the turbine-wheel not being adjusted to the numberV of revolutions. These lossesv occur fromshocks arising in the turbine, for

in all turbines a fce'rtain'-v dependence exists between the streaming velocityof the steam, the velocity of the turbine-Wheel at .the circumference of the same', and the angle of in? clination of the inlet-nozzles. It is therefore clear that if the velocity of the circumference of theturbine-Wheel be changedthe angle of inclination of the nozzles should be adjusted to the velocity of the circumference of the turbine-Wheel. I easily attain this according to my invention by adjusting'the angle of inclination ofthe nozzles of each'group to the number of revolutions With Which the turbine revolves if the respective group of.

nozzles is at Work; It Will beseen from Fig. 2 that in the part I in Which the turbine runs With the highest revolutions the an le of inclination of the nozzles f is the-smal est, and in the part III in Which the turbine runs with the lowest number of revolutions the angle of inclinations ofthe nozzles is the largest. j

- It Will be clear that' the construction may. be modified in different Ways and that the invention may just'as Well bel employed in turbines in which thesteani leaving thebuckets of the lturbine-Wheel is led back intothe same turbine-Wheel buckets.

Having thus fully described the nature of this invention, what 'I desire to secure by Letters Patent of the United States is 1. In a steam or gas turbine, the combination Withseveral roWs of turbine-Wheel buckets, a nozzle-rim consisting of one row of nozzles situatedaround the turbine-Wheel, the nozzles of this' nozzle-rim being divided in several groups, a separate steam-admission chamber for each group of nozzles and a dif-A charging inotive fluid against the initial row,v of buckets to produce a given speed, a second nozzle discharging motive fluid against the initial buckets to give a lower speed, andreturn-buckets coperating with the second nozzle to cause the motive fluid to act on a greater number of buckets than the fluid from the first nozzle. v

4. In an elastic-fluid turbine, the combinarection of tion of wheel-bucketsarranged in rows, noz-4 zles for discharging motive fiuid Aagainst `the buckets in a manner to produce variations in speed, the passages inthe nozzles being are .ranged at diHe'rent-inclinations with respect to thebuckets, Vand other buckets arranged in sets and progressively increasing in num.

ber for conveying iiuid from one row of Wheell buckets tothe nextand causingit to giveup its energy tions.- I- Y,

l 5. In an elasticfuid turbine, the combination of a number of rows lof Wheel-buckets, a.'

in an increasing number o'f-operacasing therefor, .a-nozzle for discharging fluid againstl the buckets to producea vgiven rotative speed, one or more other nozzles, and

one ormorel serially-arranged buckets ccoperating with Vthe last-mentioned nozzie or nozzles for conveying motive fluidfrom one roWof Wheel-buckets' to the next to produce adecreasein the rotative speed. i

6.' In 'an elasti -iluid turbine, thecoinbination with a number ofrows of rotating Wheelbuckets,

arranged to dischargefiuid' 'against the Wheels, theV angle of discharge ofthe nozzles with respect to" the buckets progressively changingto cause different rotative speeds of and a shaft, of a plurality of nozzles the Wheel-shaft, and buckets Jfor conveying uid from one Wheel-bucket to another.v

plurality of nozzles arranged to discharge iiuidy against the wheels, charge of the nozzlesv With respect to the buckets progressively changing-as'the rotative speed of the Wheelsis varied, and sta'- -tionary'buckets which convey motive fluid n l 7. In an-elastic-iiuid turbine, the combina. tion with a number of rotating Wheels, of a theangle vof dis- 'roo from one row of lWheel-buckets to the ne'Xt Y .progressivel .'ncreasing in number in thedioWof the! fluid as therotative speed is decreased.

8. In an elastic-fluid turbine,.the combina-. tion of nozzles arranged in' groups, Wheel-1l buckets acted upon bythe nozzles of said groups; action vcooperate withA the nozzles andsuccessively' increase in' number in serial relation from one group to the next to decrease the rotative speed of theWheel-buckets when in action. g i l e 9. In an elastic-fluid turbine, the combinationl ofwheel-buckets, a plurality of closelyf and return-buckets Which When inl liro associated nozzle-passages arranged in groups,

and presenting their dischar e ends to the same roW 'of Wheel-buckets,t eangle of the discharge-passages in each group being the same, but that of the groups varying one with respect to the other, and return-buckets coperating with one or more of the groups to decrease the rotative speed of the' wheelbuckets by causing the iiuid to act an increasing number of tinies on the buckets.

Vizo

1'0. In an elastic-fluid turbine, thecombii nation of Wheel-buckets, nozzles arranged in groups to produce diHerent rotativespeeds, the angle of discharge of the nozzles in each group successively increasing with respect to the wheel-buckets as the .rotative speed of the buckets is decreased,l and means eoperating with certain of the nozzles to decrease the rotative speed of the buckets by causing the Huid, to act a greater number of times before exhausting.

11,. In an elastic-fluid turbine, the' combination of peripheral Whee1buckets, a` nozzlerim which ranged in groups in the rim which discharge surrounds the buckets, nozzles ar@ motive fluid tangentially against the buckets7 and return-buckets supported by the nozzle rim which successively increase in number as the rotative lspeed of the vWheelbuckets is decreased.

In testimony whereof I have signed my name to'this specification in the presence of 420 two subscribing Witnesses.

JOHANN STUMPF. n,

Witnesses HENRY HAsPEn, WOLDEMAR HAUPT.`

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