US817035A - Gas-generator. - Google Patents

Description

PATBNTED APB.. 3, '1906.-

J. G. L. BURMANN. GAS GENERATOR.. APPLIOTION FILED Nov. as. 19'05.

Lm l 16 JOHANN GOTTLIEB LEBEREOHI BORMANN, OF (JHARLOTTENBURG, GERMANY.

GASnGENIEFl'l-Oll.

.To all 'wh/0m t may con/cern.:

Be it known that I, JOHANN GOTTLIEB Ln- Bnnncnr BORMANN, a subject of the King of Prussia, German Emperor, residing at Charlottenburg, in the Kingdom of Prussia, German Empire, have invented new and useful Improvements in Gas-Gcnerators, of which the following is a specification.

My invention relates to improvements in gas-generators and it consists in the construction, combination, and arrangement of devices hereinafter described and claimed.

In the accompanying drawings, Figure 1 is a vertical sectional view of a gasgenerator embodying my invention. zontal sectional view of the same, taken on the plane indicated by the line a a of Fig. 1.

In the embodiment of my invention I provde a furnace, which I will now describe. The casing 2, which is cylindrical in form, is made of metal and is provided with a metal bottom plate 3 and a metallic head 4. Within the lower portion of the casing is a lining 5, which is made of lire-clay or other refractory material. The shaft e, which is disposed concentrically in the furnace, is also made of 'lire-clay or other suitable material, and its lower portion is spaced from the lining 5, so that the reservoir g is formed between them. A horizontal partition 6, which is made of fire-clay or other refractory material, is supported on the lining 5 and on a shoulder formed on the outer side of the shaft e and separates the reservoir g from the intermediate portion 7 of the furnace. On the in ner side of the casing 2 at a suitable distance above the horizontal partition 6 are secured brackets 8, which support the outer portion of a circular plate 9. The inner ortion of said plate rests on the upper end o the shaft e, and it has a central opening the diameter of which corresponds with that of the upper end of said shaft and registers therewith. In the upper portion 10 of the furnace are secured supporting-brackets 11, one of which is shown in Fig. 1. The said brackets support an annulus 12, which is concentric with the shaft e. The upper portion 10 of the fur nace is provided with a lining 13, of fire-clay or other refractory material, and the furnacecover 14 is made of similar material, the outer portion of which rests on the lining 13. The said cover has an opening 15 above the Specification of Letters Patent.

Application lecl November 28, 1905. Serial No. 289,522.

Fig. 2 is a hori-.

iratented April 3, 1906.

upper end of the shaft e and has a lflue 16, which leads laterally therefrom. The shaft e is provided with an upper grate c, which is above the annulus and rests on the plate 9, and said shaft is further provided with a lower grate l, which is here shown as supported on a lining 17 in the lower portion of the shaft e. In the top of the furnace is a door u for use in feeding fuel to the shaft. Said door has a closure u and fastening devices u2 for detachably securing it in place. In the lower part of the shaft e is a fire-door m. A door r serves to close the ash-pit formed in the lower portion of the shaft below the grate. A tube g communicates with the iiue 16 and coacts therewith to permit the escape of the products of combustion when heating the fuel to incandescence. Said tube is in practice connected with a suitable chimney or flue of ordinary construction, which is not here shown. Said tube has a closure g', a yoke g2, and a screw g3 or other suitable se curing device.

At the outer side of the gasgenerating furnace are openings 7c for the admission of air, these openings being connected with conduits formed by pipes i, which are located in the reservoir g and have their inner ends exe tended upwardly through the partition 6, the

intermediate portion or chamber 7 of the furv nace, and through the plate 8 and terminating opposite the upper grate c and below the upper side thereof. Below the lower grate is arranged the nozzle t of a serpentine pipe t, placed in a Vaporizer s, and through which steam or vaporized spirit is carried under the grate Zand discharged there. The "vaporizer" s is so termed because the heated products of combustion therein serve to convert water or spirit in the serpentine pipe into steam or vapor, as the case may be. This vaporizer is formed in a casing A, which communicates with the reservoir g through the passage 71, and is provided in its outer side with a manhole o, which may be closed by means of a cover 0 and a fasteningeyoke o2 or the like. Said manhole permits access to the interior of the vaporizer to permit the same to be cleaned. Openings B for the admission of air to the reservoir 7c are made in the casing 2 and the lining 5 (indicated in dotted lines in Fig. 2) and are providedwith suitable covers or closures B', which may be removed at will.

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Directly above the lower grate l are channels which establish communication between the shaft c and the reservoir g.

In the drawings I show a tubular boiler T on the vaporizer s and also indicate a waterchamber U on the upper end of the boiler and a flue b, extending above the water-chamber. I show the latter connected with the boiler by pipes V, having valves W. I also show the serpentine pipe t connected by a pipe X with the steam-space of the boiler, said pipe having a valve Y to regulate the passage of steam through the serpentine pipe.

The operation of my improved gas-gener- ,ator is as follows: The fuel placed on the lower grate l is ignited and burned to the point of incandescence. The products of combustion ass through the tube q and the chamber or ue, to which it is in practice connected. In additionto the air passing through the door r and grate Z to the incandescent fuel air admitted through the openings B passes through the reservoir g and channels f to the fuel and facilitates the heating and burning thereof to the point of incandescence. When the incandescent coke reaches the 'upper grate c, the operation of generating the combustible gas is begun. For this purpose the tube q, the door r, and the a ertures B are closed, while the holes lc for a mitting the air are left open. The air is thereby heated in the pipes i, and enters the upper end of the shaft through the upper grate c. The products of distillation generated during the combustion of the fuel are compelled to pass through the incandescent upper layer of coke in the shaft e, in which the dissociation of the heavy hydrocarbon is effected. The generated permanent gases combine in the lower layer, where the mean temperature exists. The requisite high temperature to cause dissociation of the heavy hydrocarbons is reached and maintained by the means provided for insulating the shaft e thoroughly and by effecting the combustion of the fuel at the upper layer by means of air discharged from the pipes i, heated to a high degree and unmixed with steam. The generated gaseous products are drawn down through the lower grate Zand carried to a suitable receiver through thevflues in the boiler and water-chamber and through the iiue b by the action of a suitable exhauster, which is not here shown. The combustion of the incandescent coke on the lower grate lis regulated by means of the superheated steam or vaporized spirit supplied by means of the serpentine pipe t and nozzle t through the lower grate to the incandescent fuel. The entring steam absorbs for the purpose of its dissociation the heat which may be in the slags and coke. The oxygen of the steam thereby produced combines with the carbon to form carbon monoxid, and a complete combustion of the fuel is obtained at a moderate temperature. In building the generators the points thereof which come in direct contact with the re are composed of highly-refractory brick. The ordinary porous red brick may, however, be used for the lower portion of the generator and for the purpose of insulation. As may be seen,- any cooling of the charge may be prevented above the lower grate. The charge is permanently kept in an incandescent condition down to the lower grate and a continuous working of the generator is rendered possible.

Having thus described my invention, what I claim as new, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is*

l. A gas-generator of the class described having a shaft with a lower grate and an upper grate, a reservoir around the shaft, channels connecting the reservoir and shaft immediately above the lower grate, and air-conduits leading from the outer air, extending into the reservoir and discharging thereinto.

2. A gas-generator of the class described, having a shaft provided with a lower grate and an upper grate, a reservoir around the shaft, channels connecting the reservoir and shaft immediately above the lower grate, airconduits leading from the outer air, extending -into the reservoir and discharging thereinto, and means to discharge steam or vapor below the lower grate.

3. A gas-generator of the class described, having a shaft provided with a lower grate and an upper grate, a reservoir around the shaft, the generator connecting the reservoir and shaft immediately above the lower grate, air-conduits leading from the outer air, extending into and through the reservoir and discharging into the generator, a vaporizer, a duct extending from below the lower grate through the vaporizer, and a serpentine pipe in and heated by the heated products discharged through the lower grate on their way to and through the vaporizer.

In testimony whereof I have hereunto set my hand in presence of two subscribing witnesses.

JOHANN GOTTLIEB LEBERIECHT BORMANN.

Witnesses:

WOLDEMAR HAUPT, HENRY IIASPER,

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