US816591A - Automatic gas-operated firearm. - Google Patents

Description

PATENTED APR. 3, 1906. s. N. MGGLEAN. AUTOMATIC GAS OPERATED FIREARM.

APPLICATION FILED APR. 5. 12138.

No! 816,591. 'PATENTED APR. 3, 1906.

s. N. MoGLEAN.

AUTOMATIC GAS OPERATED FIREARM. APPLIOATiON FILED APB..5. 1898.

3 SHEETS-SHEET 2.

No. 816,591. PATENTED APR. 3', 1906. I

' s. N. MoGLEAN.

AUTOMATIC GAS OPERATED FIREARM. APPLICATION FILED .AERIJ. 189B.

3 SHEETS-SHEET 3.

MI W x in; A Y: AA: I

imlnT ulna UnrrED' srA'i ns PATENT orr'uo E.

SAMUEL N. MoCLEAN, OF WASHINGTON, IOWA, ASSIGNOR TOTHE MoCLEAN ARMS AND ORDNANQE COMPANY, "or CLEVELAND,

OHIO, A GORPORATIQN OF NEW JERsEY.

AUTOMATIC GAS-OPEIRATEDJFIREARMQ To all whom it may concern;

Be it known that I, SAMUEL N. YMCCLEAN, a citizen of the United States, residing at Washington, in the county of Washington and State of Iowa,'have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Breech-Loading and DischargeActuated Firearms; and I do declare the following to be a full, clear, and exact description of the invention, \such as will enable others skilled in the art to which it appertains to make and use the same, reference being had to the accompanying drawings, and to the letters of reference marked thereon, which form a part 'of-this specification. i

My invention relates to breech-loading and discharge-actuated firearms or automatic and semi-automatic firearms.

The pur ose of my invention is to produce a strong, lght, cheap, simple, durable, ac-

curate, and easily-manufactured dischargeactuated firearm embodying certain im'- rovements in controlling and futilizing the orce of the discharge to operate the arm and 2 5 certain details of improvement in connection with the construction, operation, and combi nation of the operating parts of the arm.

Reco izing the fact that theframe of the un is the basis of its accuracy, especially for ong-range shooting, and that. the manner-in which the frame sustains thestrain of firing accuracy j anddurabillty of the arm,'I have devised" in is'intimatel related-to .both the accordance, with this principle'a weapon in 3 5 which the strain of the discharge shall .'be received in the line of greatest stren th, resisted by the shearing, crushing, an elastic strength of 'themetal, distributed-e u'ally on every part of the arm and limite vto the 40 least possible area, and in which theiplan of the operat' parts isnot 'cut away or the strength an symmetry of the frame dc.-

- stroyed. Recognizing also the fact that the merits of a mechanical construction reside primarily and lar ely in the mechanical movements of which it is composed and that few and sim le movements-are usually associated with i vised a'weapon in which the movements in- '50 volved in handling the ammunition form a basis of the guns construction, and the move-' ved ments invo in passing the ammunition through the arm, and in the construction,

' Specification of Letters' 1 atnt. Application fild A art, 189a Sari accompanying drawings and specification,

under side as shownin-Fi 1, the bolt-locking guide F ew and simple parts, I have de- Patented April 3, 1906.

action, and combination of the operating parts, arethe most direct, simple, and positive attainable. 1 a V A further generic object of my invention is to controlboth the initial and terminal mo tions 'of the discharge actuating force to either increase .or diminish the actuating 6o force in such manner as the construction, ac-

tion, and safety of the operating parts shall requireand to provide a system of companion and coacting cams and cam-guides to govern positively theactionand combination 6 5 of the operating'parts.

. r l .Finally, there are. certain details of im-' provement in the operatin parts of the in? vention which are more ful y setforth in the and inasmuch as the invention defined and set forth in the-several improvements described in the specificationjand drawings is v of such anature that several modifications of the'same may be made without in the least 7 5 departing from the spirit of the invention I do not limit myself to the precise form shown and described.

In the accompanying drawings, which are hereby made a part of this specification, Figure 1 is a broken central longitudinal section of the receiver and barrel, showing the right side wall of the stock brokenaway and removed,'-the operating arts being shown in elevation in position or the trigger to be pulled to fire thegun. Fig. .2 is a transverse I sectiononthe line a a, Fig. 1 of the receiver, stock, and magazine of. the earrn, Showingan end yiew of the slide D.' Fig. 3 is a front end' view of the breech-bolt. Fig. 4 is a plan 90 view ofthe -.b.re ech-bolt looking into its u'strating' ig. 5 is a broken detail of the handle P, showin the triggerlock .in section detached and tie means-by which it is held in position. Fig. 6 is a broken section of the side wall of the magazine,- taken on the lines a: x, Fig. 1', showin -the trigger J and detent or dog M in first an -sec-- 0nd positionsof rest oppositions respectively 100 for single. firing and single loading. 0 Fig. 7 is, a=1ong1tudinal central section 0 the a'rrel andreceiver, showing the operating parts in elevation in their second or rear position-anda the riglnz-hand side oftlre stock-wall broken ":05

away and'removed; Fig. 8 is a detail s ider view and an end view of the shell-extractor and its spring tension. Fig. 9 is an end view of the breech-bolt. Fig. 10 is a bottom plan view of the breech-bolt, showin the bottom side of the bolt as illustrated in ig. 7 Fig. 1 1 is a rear end view of the breech-bolt, showin the latch F and a broken side view of the bo t, showing the latch F? in section and its manner of engagement with the slide D. Fig.

convenience of description the d' erent arts 12 is a transverse section of the tailpiece of the magazine H, showing the groove in which the handle P is guided and the cartridge-lifter O, in O, groove Hin which it is guided, an the spring 0 Fi IBshows a modified form of the cartridgeer'O inside elevation. Fig. 14 is aside. and end'view of the cartridge feed and ejecting device R. Fig. 15 is a vertical cross-section of the'tri'gger and sear as shown in Fig-'1 inits first posi tion for single firing. Fig. 15 is a broken side elevation of the same parts in their third position for automatic firing. Fig. 16 -is a plan view of the slide D and .sear S; Fi 17 is a broken central longitudinal sectiono the barrel, fore'stock, part of the magazine, tube E,

and cylinder T, showing the right half of the said parts removed and showing the operati parts in elevation. I Fig. 18 is 'afront en view of in cross-section. Fig. 19 is afront end view of the barrel. nal section of the barrel, gas-chamber, gas- 'cylinder, piston-head, and forestock. 'Fig.

21 is a detail planview of the sear M. Fig.

bolt." I

Similar letters of reference refer to similar parts throughout thespecific'a" n, and for of the same piece and of intimately-corre ated pieces have been designated by the same reference-letter, the ex ,onent above the letter the cylinder T withthe drive-rod D.

Fig. 20 is a central longitudi -22 is a top view of the,rear end of the breechbeing changed to in icate the particular feature of the part to which the letter is a plied.

The receiverflrnay be of any" desired orm to ada t it to the bolt+actionwith which it isin-j ten ed to be used; but for'the purpose ofattaining certain manufacturing and -military advantages I have invented a certain type of;

receiver in whieh the barrel may be-integrally 'formed with the receiver or fixedly'atta'ch'ed to the samein the usual manner. The receiver which I have inventedis formedto have a certain s cifie-rel'ationlito 'theboltaction and cart-ri 'g feed device andis formed to sustain the strain of the dischargein the line'of greatest strength to limit itfit o a small area immediatelly behind the barreE-a'nd to s"e-.

ationof the bolt 'action xand cureethe best re receiver. I construct the wall ceiver'withtheir greatest strength: nd=* ness at the point of greatest strain-without increasing the outsidediameter of the receive; or materially decreasing the .stre h. o e breech-bolt; Such a-receiver'may from a round biir of metal and is'provided opening on its upper side to permit the insertion and removal of the cartridges andan opening on its under side to permit the IIXOVB". ment and action of the operating device. The part of the bolt-chamber in front of-the locking-lugs is 'internall beveled or funnelstrength of the receiver-walls at-their point of greatest strain.

bearing for the extreme "forward'end of the bolt, and it is also cut out to afford a ath of boltchamber.

companion beveled or funnel-shaped forward en The forward end of the bore of the barrel-to afi'or certain advanerate the arm.

ber'is preferabl' 'locatedat or near the fdr-r trated in Fi @20- as preferablyextends-fiem the'fronttoone'side of the bore ='of. the1 barrel-and is constructed to afford acertain 'eldin'g', and suflicient-opcrating ressur'e withint when I tained'iby forming; tll shaped stantly increasing ero the endptlth ifitornthebarre Jch'amberis preferably formedon an arc. of. a

the bore .of the banel. This .opening forms a afford the required operating, ressure ofthe 'paid: gascham er.

means of- =the dischar eactuated slide -D. slide has alt-its orwazrd end a piston shaped to afli'ordad 'tional thickness and I Immediately at the .end of l the cartridge-chamber the receiver is formed Y with a straight Or -shouldered part toafi'orda the barrel-is formedv with a funnel-shaped openin at the end of tages in utilizing the gases of discharge to,op I

The weapon is formed to be actuated either by ,hand or by the gases of, discharge and is -pro'vided withia gas-act atin fcha'mbe'r(dcnoted by'the reference-1e ter This 0 'am-" f 95 ward end of "t eb'arrel. It-may gbemte i'. grally formed with'the barrel; but I; prefer to for the chamber as arate'ly, and it is illusheing'screwedonto the] 1 forward. en' izof jthe-balfrel. This chamber circle and containsan openingC in line with gases within the chamber. -T 'sj'chamber is. connected with the operating parts'to. actu-'-; .ate the same, and, as lllustratedin Fig. 20,1 have shown connected with'it a cylinder. or 'tubeE, whiclrin eifect,constitutes a part of with the usual bolt Johamber, having an.

movement for the extractor at the en of the e The bolt-actien in order to conform to this construction is formed w th a continuation of the barrel, and its diameter is such as to permit the passa e of the pro ectile, and it may have any esired lengt to rzo The Weapon 1s automatically operated-by.

5 the sear through the medium of the trigger.

which is movable in the tube E, and the rearward' end of the slide is connected withthe bolt-action to control its reciprocating, locking, and firing action. This. operating-slide is actuated, by the gases of discharge in one direction and by the resistance of the-coiled" spring E, preferably located in the tube E, in the other direction. The piston-head on the end of the slide D haspreferably a movable and an immovable part. The movable part of the head is formed with a chamber D, in which the end of the slide D has a certain limited movement to afford an-air-Pressure for the purpose of preventing the'escape of the actuating-gas ast' the. said pistonhead. This'air-cham er D in the piston head is provided with openings D, which communicate with an air-chamber surrounding the piston-head. 0n the outer side of the air-chamber the piston-head is formed thin and yielding to afford an air-cushion in checking the passage of the gas past the'cylinderhead. This part of the p1stonhead is preferably formed of a thin band of elastic material D, Fig. 20, on theouter side of which is located a band of yielding material D, Fig. 20, to afford -a yielding pressure against the tube in which the piston is reciprocated. The air-chamber. D in the piston is provided with a spring D to exert a yielding pressure or tension between the end of'the slide D and the piston-head. The immovable part D of thepiston-he'ad has an opening D through its rear end leading from the chamber D in which is located a valve D which is set to close the chamber in'an advance movement of the slide D and to 0 en it by a reverse movement of t e slide, t us affording an air-pressurewit the chamber D" to operate as a gas-check. The operat-.v ing-slide D is also provided at a point in rear of thespring E with a cylinder T, slidabiy mounted on and having close frictional en-' agement with the said slide, the cylinder aving its respective ends beveled to engage cups or dashots E jand'E Fig. 17 located in the path 0 its terminal, forward, and rear: ward movements. The operating-slide is also provided with a sear S, pivoted-to the slide at S, which engages with the'said mov:-

able cylinder T to prevent'the slide from moving forward far enoughto ex lode the j cartridge. until the sear has its en S raised so as to partially enter the cylinder T, which 15 accomplished by depressing the rear end of The slide D has on its under sidefa-recess D in which a lateral lug S on'the forward end of the sear S and below the line of "the sear direct? above the lug S iscut away, as

shown in ig..1-7. A springjT, carried by \the cylinder T, normally presses the forward end of the sear S downward, so that the lug S will be below the plane of lower edge of the slide D and will engage the rear end of the cylinder T. When the forward end of the sear'is thrown upward by the depression of its rear end, as hereinafter described, ,the lug S will enter the recess -D inthe slide D and will no longer engage the rear end of the cylinderT. The rod D will thenmove forward a short distance. through the cylinder T, carrying the-part S of the sear S nearly, but not entirely, within the cylinder, the forward movement of the rod and sear being arrested by the contact of the rear end of the rod with the firing-pin when said pin is car.- ried by the breech-block, or if the pin iscarried by the rod D, as in Fig. 16 thenthe forward movement of the rod will be arrested by the contact of. the'firing-pin with the cartridge. Upon the rearward movement of a the. rod D under the influence of the gases of discharge the frictional contact betweenthe part S of the scar and the cylinder T due to the-spring T causes the cylinder to move rearward with the 'rod D till the dash-pot E is reached, when the cylinders rearward movement is gently arrested, and the slight further rearward movement of the rod D and sear -S withdraws the art S from the cylinv7 der and permits it to a l'behind the cylinder upon' the forward movement of the parts. a

The tube E is provided on its under side with an opening E, Fig. 20, to afford an exit fo the gas'at or near the terminal part "of the m vement of the (p opening may be a justed by-a-slide E, at-

iston. The size ofthis ,tached to and movable on the tube E and f athumb-piece E, by which it maybe form to adapt it to the type of breech-boltlocking action with which it is intended to be used. The preferred form of the bolt-action isjthat'of a reciprocating and rotatingbreechbolt. It has abod part, a bolt-head, and

the usual lockingugs. The bolt-head is preferably formed integrally-with the, body part ofthe bolt and is provided with the, I

usual locking-lugs F,"wh1ch are beveled or chamfered to 'fit theforward endof the boltchamber, which is made of beveled shape to afiord additional thickness" and stiffness .of the side walls 'of..the-receiver at the point of greatest strain. The 100 -lugs'A of the receiver are. formed with a ouble cam,.the V initial part of the cam face of the lug on both its front and'rear sides having anincreased pitch-to afford an increased movement of the olt to both seat and extract the cartridge.

The body part of the bolt is rovided with a j cambolt and is "preferably located on the inner side of. the body part of the bolt. Referring guide F, which partial y encircles the 1,4, 10, 11, andw'22, it willbe seen to Figs. that t 's cam-guide is in the form of a slot F Figs. 1, 7, and 22, in the body of the bolt inte erlng wrth the magazine and to permit breec -b,olt is shown with an interior circumferential portion 0 1ts rear end, which groove has a beveled forward shoulder f A beveled shoulder F substantially parallel with the shoulder is formed in the lower rear end wall of t e bolt, as shown in Fi 1D. The combined efiect of the beveled sioulder F and the increase in the pitch of the cam F is to shift the b0 t and raise the rear the slide D untilit is to the rear of a groove formed around the upper ing a latching engagement between the bolt and slide so lon as the parts are retained in this relation. he bolt is .also provided with a latch F", which is preferably attached-to the rear end of the bolt, as illustrated in Fig; 11,

and has a lug F which projects into the path of the 0 crating-slide, and a companion lug F ,whic is located to be engagedbya lug H on the upper side and rear end of the gunbolt is provided with a groove or shouldered part F to engage with the magazine-feed andejecting device R, as hereinafter set forth.

The'forward end of the boltisrovided with an extractor-seat F which. as a beveled flange F to afford a latched relation of the breech-bolt and extractor, which flange is partly cut away to afford a convenient method of assembling and disassembling the extractor. The body part of the breech-bolt is cut out topermit the magazine to project u into the receiver (see Fi 2-) and to allow t e rotatin movement 0 the breech-bolt without the action of the operating-slide.

The rear part of the operatingslide .D is.

forked or double to permit its arms (illustratedin Fig. 16) to be reciprocated on eithersideof the cartridge-magazine. The rear end D of the slide D ro'ects 11 into the breech (F J P per forward edge of this part D is chamfered bolt, Figs. 2 an 1.6, and has a cylindrical shape to-conform to the she e of the .0 amber formed in the body part 0 the breec -bolt in which the-partD' is reciprocat'ed. The upor beveled to form acompanion to the'bevel 'f" and on its under rear side provided with a beveled Fpart to engage with its coin anion: shoulder part Dis rov-i 22;, which as a'be'veled si e to eng .--'afiordg Fi' 11. The up eren ded with a, f),

'the'diagonal part of the gluide FP'a'n a latched engagement of t Referring to Figs. 1 and 10, the

art et in engagement with the shoulder f thereby form- I formed in t portionofthe receiver "is of thesrearward mov 'cause'theseleversto {b w rdm lfi taqf iai d ision' of the --levers f t e withishoulder H? igel,

breech-bolt i The groove is formed witha.

straight part atits forward end to ermit the terminal firing movement of the slide D after the locking movement of the bolt is complete.

' The cartridge-magazine is preferably formed upper ends converge to exert a yielding and retaining tension against the topmost cartridge in the magazine. These wings are suf-' ficiently distant from each other to allow the under lug on the breech-boltto be. recipro-.

cated between them and rise up into the re- .ceiver far enough to allow the cartridge to be readily pushed by the breech-bolt from th magazine into the bore of the barrel.

geous cartridgefeeding action in passing the cartridges from the magazine into i the barrel I have interposed between the ma a-zine and bolt-action a cartridge-feeding sli e R, Fig.

. 14, which controls b'oththe cartridge feeding;

and ejecting action of the arm. This slide is reciprocated in guide-grooves H Fi s. 1 and 2, which are located in'the side-walls of the magazine. {'Its forward end R is formed to frame, Figs. 1 and 7 The neck of the breech- I en age withjhe'rearendof the cartrid e, and an it has a projectioiror lug RF, wluclienageswith the groove F of the breech-bolt. This lug R? carries a spring. R the ends of whichalso engage with the breech-bolt to exert a yielding tension fromthc breech-bolt For the purpose ofattaining an-advantaiagain'stthe cartridge-feeding'slido. The for.- ward end" of the cartridge-feed is beveled to forma companion bevel with the forward end ofthe breech-bolt, :and its-under side is beveled to cause the cartridge to b'eadvanced up into aosition infrontof the cartridge-- feeding sli e whe'n'lthe slideis in its rearward pcsition andf-when the cartridge rises ;to the topmost part of theumagazine.

. The cartridges. are elevated i'r1 -,the megazine by thecartridge levelsiO-and 0, Fig. 7.

These levers ares ring-actuated.and-arezpivotally supported in the handle P. The rlfar side of the magazine is slotted to .PQ T it the lifting movement. ofthe-levers an'd'jt allDW the rearward. movement of-the handlest-o d0 press andwithdrawthe'levers after th magazine is empty. The-shoulderH9,j,i-Fi.;1Z,.

' gun-.fi-ame eneaththe ed in'th T-QdGPM" byr'comin -:in;cont ct 16 i drawn-tn s-theends" ftheflevershelq lev'f of. the ower'mojstgigai einthe-ina and asth zhggd freed from the restraining action of the shou I lever O is supported, is guided. The lever O I is provided on its up or side with an arm or I handle Him the pur ose of taking the place tent being intended to'bea gas-operated gun mg and uncocking the weapon.

' ends of the levers pass under the lowermost lever O and has the Wet on which it turns cartridge and as soon as they are entirel der H they tend to rise under the influence of their s ringand at the proper time act' to elevate t ecartridges into the receiver. The lever O has the same general form as the arranged in thehan le P to the rear of the magazine. As shown in 7, both these levers have the same ivot; but this is not essential. The lever is shorter than the leven'O and bears upon the body portion of the lowermost cartridge, while the lever O bears upon the projectile. By the-action of the two levers t e cartridges are maintained in parallel position as they are fed upward. Instead of the lever O,I 'ma use, as shown in Fig. 13, a lever 0 pivote to the forward end of the lever O and pressed upward by the spring 0 The lever (Bis actuated by the spring 0, which is supper-ted on the pivot 0 and is adj usted to exert a yielding tension between the lever O and the track H of Fig s. 12 and 7, in which the pivot 0 on which the fin er 0", which as t e, lever 0 reaches the en of its upward movement is rejected into the path of the detent or iiog lw to en gage the projection M on said detent,to release the same from the trigger and permit it to rise into engagement with the bolt after the last cartridge has been fired, and thus leave the breech open forthe insertion of a single cartridge or to indicate that the magazine is empty.

While I do not contemplate the use of the of the gasoperate piston for actuating the slide to throw back the breech-bolt after the gun has been fired, the weapon'to this ex only, it is of importance that the gun becapable of being hand-actuated for the urpose of withdrawlng a cartridge which or any reason has failed to be ex loded, as well as when the weaponis used or single firing to let down the breech-bolt onto a cartridge without exploding it, and to subse uently draw back the firlng devices into suc p os1-' tion that the cartridgemay be exploded by pressing the triggerin'other words, for cock- So, too, if by any m-ischance the gas-chamber should be detached from the gun or be so injured as to necessitate a hand operation, the fact that i the weapon is capable of hand operation may be of importance. 'The handle P is provided to afford a'meansof operatingthe weapon by hand. This, handle has a reciprocatin movement on the under side of the stock an is guided in a way or groove H Fig. 12,? which is formed in the tailpiece of the frame.

reciprocate it.

crating the weapon'controls the action of n the side at of thisgroove H guidegrooves H are provided," which control the reciprocating movement of the handle by means of the lugs'P and P The body art P of the handle conforms to the shape 0 the hand and forms-a triggerard P and has a forward-projecting arm w ich forms a magazme cover or door.

The cartridge-lifting levers may be engaged by and moved with the handle in its backward and forward movements, whereby the magazine is opened, the lifting-levers withdrawn and the ma azine then closed, and the lifting-levers aga n restored to operative position, or the handle may be operated independently of the cartridge-lifting levers. For this purpose a spring-pressed dog L, having a thumb-piece andan inwardly-projecting lateralarm, is pivoted in the handle with itsspring acting to normally hold the lateral arm out of engagement with the lever 0, but upon pressing the thumb-piece of the dog L against the tension of its spring the lateral armengages the lever O, and the latter will then partake of the movements of the handle.

' The handle P is connected with the operating-slide by an arm P, which pro ects into the path of and engages with the slide D to This 'arm 1 is preferably hinged to the handle P and has a lug P which projects into the path of the lug D of the slide-D, preferabl carried by the sear S. This arm is provide which plays in the ids-groove H.

By pressure on t e trigger J the person with a pin or lug P wea on, whether used for single firing or automatic firing. By

I gessing the trigger sufficiently to move it t ough a portion only of the arc through which it is capable of moving,

which movement for convenience I term its "initial" movement, the firing mechanism is released, causing the cartridge previously inserted in position to be exploded. 'The gases of disc arge acting through the mech 'anism already explained will then cause the breech-bolt to be thrown back, ejecting the emptyshell to open the breech for the insertion from the magazine of another cartridge.- The slide will then move forward, advancing the cartridge into the firing-chamber, closing the breech, and holding the parts in firing position. v I, y

By pressing the trigger sufficiently to move it through a greater portion of thearc through which 'it is capable ofmo-ving, which movement'I term for convenience its intermediate or second movement, the firing mechanism is released to ex lode the cartrid e already in position. Rhen the trigger as been given movement to this extent, the gases of discharge acting through the mechanism already explained will cause the breech-bolt to be thrown back, ejecting the mpty shell, and holding the breech-belt in its rearmost position to permit 'a cartridge to be inserted by hand. By pressing the trigger sufficiently to move it throu h the full arcthrough which 1t iscapable of moving, and this for convenience I term its ftermmal or final movement, the cartridge already in the osition to be exploded will be exploded, an the gases of discharge will cause the breech-bolt to be thrown back,'ejectin the empty shell, another cartridgeto be ed up from the magazine, inserted-in' the firing-chamber, and exploded, this action continuing so lon ,as the trigger is kept in this position unti the supply of .cartridges is exhausted. V When-the last cartridge has been fired, the finger 0 onthe lever -O w'ill be in position to cause, through the parts-with which it cooperates, the breechbolt to be retained in open position to indicate that the magazine is exhausted'of cartridges or-to permit the introduction by hand .of another cartridge.

In using the wee on for single firing for for firing and loading y hand the trigger-afterbein pressed to the required position should be re eased, while for automatic firing it should be ressed to the full limit of its movements automatic action sha 1 continue. A

- In order to stop the movement'of the trigger atthe desired point, I provide theitrigger cut ofl" .K, as hereinafter described. The weapon is discharged by the force of the terminal movement of the actuatin 'ring E, exerted through the slide D, and the firing action is accomplished by the engagementof the trigger with the sear S to release-it from the cylinder T, and thus permit the terminal movement of rod D. The trigger J is pivotally supported at J'.a ainst the side walls of the gun-frameand in its preferred form does net'partake of the movement of the handle. It has an arm J, Fi s. 1, 7,'a1id 15. This arm is provided wit c'am-lu s J and J which are located in the path 0 the terminal forward movement of the In S' 'on the sear an there held as lon as it is desired that the g S..-- The rear end ofthe 'sear extends down- The upper. lug J is wedge'fshaped, withthe 1 ward and the lower end of the downward ex- 59 tension projects ashort distance forward in the form of alug S, having its inner face beveled, said lug'being in the longitudinal vertithin edge of the wedge to 'lthe rear, as shown. The lugs J andJ are spaced 8. sufficient dis-' tance aplartito permit the lug S to pass between t em. When the gun is cooked and .read to. be fired by pulling the trigger, the: rests with its upper face in contact with the lower face of the lug J so-that pres.- ress the:v

lug

sure on the trigger suflicient to'de forwargl'end oft earm J 'will, by}; e action 'trigger guard or handle.

- tridge-seat in the bolt+hea of'the lug J on ,the lug S end of the sear S. When the tr g er is movedthrough. thefullarc: through whici it is capable of moving, the lug J 3 will be brought into 7 the path of the lug S, (see Fi 15%) so that as the sear moves forward the ug S- will be depressed b the wedge shape of the lug J and e trigger J is spring-controlled and is provided with an arm J which pro'ects rearwardly, into the path of the loose y-pivo'ted detent or dog M. This arm J is rovided depress the rear will ass orward between the lugs J and J with a lug J which also en ageswith the pivoted detent or dog. The etent M is pivotally supported against the side wall of the frame and is controlled by the spring M. Its' forward ndM", Ifigs. '1 and 21-, s offset from the main bod and-is'beveled or cam-shaped on its forwar end to allow the detent or dog M to be disengaged from the tri ger-by the I terminal movement of the cartri ge-lifter.

The tri ger cut-ofi K is formed on an arc of which corresponds to the shape of the It is controlled by a sprin K, which is fixedly attached-to" the. handle and is movable 1n a chamber also formed on an arc of a circle in the cut-off K. Thiscut-ofi" K is provided with a lug'K and the handle P isiprovided with 'a series of com-' panion notches K K K K to lock the trig-- ger aggifist actionand stop it in any one-of the t ee parts of'its movement, as herein aftersetforth. I '-f a Theextractor G is .movably retained in engagement with the. breech-bolt and does not partake of the rotation 'of thebolt. I ters into a semilatched relation with the a circle breeelvb'olt and cartridge when advancing the same and a locked relation with the same parts when withdrawing the cartridge; It is s ringractuated. and in its, referred form is i lustrated in Figs. 1, 7, an 8-.- The extractoris preferably" carried by the breech bolt in advance of the locking-lugs of the bolt, although it maybe carriedfbehind tlzelocking lugs of the bolt. Theextractor-seat in the. 7

bolt, as before stated, is formed with a beveledflange topermit a limited latching movement of 'the'extractor, and the extractor has a latching end to engage with the flange or groove of the cartridge and is preferably integrally formedwith acollar part, which has a companion bevel to en age withi'the car- 5. This collar art of tle'extractor parti'alliyencirclesthe bo t to cause the extractor pull froml-the center,

IZO'

lineof the'bolt and to permit the rotatingf movement of the bolt. The rear side of the collar part is cut out to permit the latching movement of tlga extractor, and'th'e'spring by which the extractor is actuated is preferablyg-f carried by the extractor and formed to exert ra i a yielding tensionbetween the. extrac the bolt-head, and the bolt-head' isa with a notch or depression to latched engagement of the'extracton with the bolt-head.

The firing-pin D (illustrated in Figs. 4 and e however, that the firing-pin may be either aloose plunger or it may be integrally formed on the front side ofthepart D of the operatingslide D, as illustrated in the broken sec-- tion of the same parts in Fig. 2 and in Figs. 16

Y and 17.

For the purpose of affording a convenient and rapid method of disassembling the breechbolt Ihave devised a hinged'and locked relation of the receiver and frame, in which one member of the hinge is either'fixedly or integrally formed with the frame, and Whenpivotally connected they permit a suflicient movement to allow the operating-slide to be depressed out of the path of the. bolt and the bolt action either. withdrawn or inserted.

v The receiver and frame. are locked together by means of a rotating lock or latch N, Figs. 1

and 7, which is preferably located in the frame-wall in front of the rear end of the re- The operation is as follows: Supposingthe parts to be in position (illustrated in Fig. 1)that is to say, with acartridge'in position to4be ,firedwith the breech-bolt locked in position ctosing the breech and withthe firing mechanism in position on bein released to cause the cartridge to befired, .t e weapon is discharged by a pull ofthe-triggenjwhich effects the release of the' oplerating-slide' and discharges the weapon by t fected by means of the actuating-. s ring;- The wea on will be then 'erated to arecharged .y the force of t e actuating-gas. The 0 eration of the gas actuating deviceis as fol ows: 'When the bullet' has traversed the bore of the barrel and passes into the nel-shaped opening'at the endofthe-barrel'f the actuating-gas escapes past the end and" sides of the projectile into the actuating'- chamber gradually andiin a"sinall quantity into the gas actuating-chamber. The"fun-" nel-shaped end of the barrel and the gratin-- ally-increasing diameterof the chamb r perq u 'y. of sessie into the gas.

mit a constantly-increasing As the forward end of'the project e thus permitting the gas to esca e'fifeely from .part of the camegrocve F causing its beveled "side to engage with the beveled side at the eforce of theterminal movement of the operating-slide ef-- thus aus 1ngthe operatingslide to, assume ia locked or' latched gengagement' with the 7 breech-bolt by nieans of the cam-lugF and thej cam shoulder f, alsothe'diagonal relation of the pins 1) with the track in which it sure. :By v the length of the .el-

shaped end of the orethe pressure of the 0p crating-gases Within the actuating-chamber 76 'may be varied as may benecessary to afford any required intensity of the gas ressure.

assesinto the o ening C in the gas-chain r it willipartia y or entirely close this opening andwill revent the'esca e of thegas fromk the cham er to an extent epending uporrthe size of the opening and cause any required increase in "the operatingpr essure of the-- gases within the chamber. The length of 80 time the pressure of the gasjvithin the cham her is continued depend upon the length p 'of part C rof the gas-'chamber, T The gas ac tuating-chamber itself may beef .anyrequired size to catch either a larger or smaller. quan- 8 5 v tity of the gas.

It is thus apparent that the o erating'pressure of the gases Within the c amber may be controlled to start the pressure adually, to continue it for any require length of time,'and tocausetthepres go sure within-the chamber to have any-required amount of operating-force and to either accelerate or diminish this force' The pressure of the gas in'the chamber against the operating arts may be. controlled by- 5 means 0T the's 'deor .valve E of Fig. 20, which, as'ab 've described, may be 0 erated byfhand to either partially or entire y open or close the opening E into the cylinder E,

the cylinder-near the termina part of the rearward movement of the actuatin -'s,lid e.

The iStOn-heador end ofthe slide being i' in the forward end of the gas-tube E, as illus trated in Fig. 20, the force of the gas operat-' '.ing' againsttheend of the piston or slidecauses it to traverse thetube E and itsrear end 1) to traverse the cam-track F in the breech-bolt, bringing the pin D into the rearrear end (if the'groove F. and bringing the rear end of the slide D into engagement with art Dto rise into envgag'ement,with the eveled face f jandde presses the latch F 'and allows it to 'reengage with the part D, as-illustrat'ed in Fig. '11,

is-reeipi ocated. The initial part of the rear-' i 5 movement of the operating-slide causes he breech-bolt to rotate and brin'gsits lock ingflug's into thespace between thelockinga. lugs A of the receiver, and the locking-lug on the'iinder side of the bolt is atthisj time 13o Ioo .25 1 .cam-face ofthe locking-lugs on the receiver brought into its path of movement between the wings H of the ma azin'e.. The fart er movement of the slide bolt back in the receiver to a point sufficiently distant from the end of the barrel to permit the cartridge in the magazine to rise up into en agement'with the wings H of the magazine, ringing its' rear end into, the path of the breech-bolt and its'forward end into line with the bore of the barrel. The reverse movement of .the' bolt is accomplished by the force of the s ring E", exerted against the forward end of t e slide D, and the action of this s rin causes the slide D to advance the breec bo t in a direct line until its lockinglugs have reached a point opposite the cam part of their companion lugs on the side walls of the receiver,at which time the. ln F 'of the latch F has engaged with the lug of the ma azine, Fig. 7, and caused the lug-F onthe' atoll to be swung out'of enga ement with the o erating-slide D, thus re easing the slide andpermitting it to traverse the cam part of the 'de F and-causing the lockmg-lugs. on t ebreech-bolt to traverse the and turn the bolt tolits "locked osition, firmlyseatin the cartridge in its 0 amber. The locking ugs on the reeeiver have a double'cam-face on either side,'w-hich causes the initial part of the rotating movement of the I breech-bolt to advance thecartridge more rapidly and the terminal part of itsrotating movement toseat it with eat power. The operatin slide controlsbotli the recirocating and ocking movement of the b0 t,

. the, locking movement being effected by the 'permit aterminal firing movement of the .o v

cam F and thereciprocating movement being. controlled by the cam F on the rear end of the bolt and the latch F and the lockingaction of the bolt is timed by the triplping of this latch. The cam-guide F in'the reechbolt has a straight partlatits forward end to erating-slide after the locking actionof t e bolt is com lete, thus makin it impossible to discharge t e arm in any ot er than the fulllocked position of the bolt. For the urpose of The bevele '-sflfre to check it b checking the terminal movement 0 the operating-slide by means of an air-cushion the cylinder T is formed to have a sli ht movement on the slide D. The rear end of t 's cylinderis engaged by-the lug S on the front end of the scar the front end of the sear being normallypresseddownward to bring the'lug into po-&

sition to engage thecylinder by the slg'i ng T.

mg in contact with the cupsEtand E cause the terminal movement of the slide D to be stopped on an air-cushion on both its ad-' vance and rear movements, and the beveled shape of the c linder T causes the air-pres; an increasing resistance. The rear end of t e sear S being in enga ment'with the lugfll' of the trigger J ,the d is- .carries the breechtrolled by it is as follows: When the trigger cut-off is in the notch-K, t e end of the trigger,

ends of this cylinderT, y co-m-.

charge of the arm'is efl' ectedfbythe pulliof this trigger, the arm (IQ-through its lugJ depressing the rear endfof the sear S, causing the forward end of the sear to 'risel'a ainst the I pressureof the spring T", raising t e lug S out of engagement with the =cylinder T and permitting the slide D to complete its forward movement. ger and the parts throng which the various operations of loading and firing are -cont elu K of The 0 eration of the trigof the cut-off is against the rear side of the firing position, ,in which they are shown in F1 1, to cause the forward end ofthe sear S to be raised out of engagement with the cylinder T, permitting the operating-slide to be driven a ainst the end of thefiring-pin to discharge t e weapon. At the same time the arm J of the trigger will raise the forward endof the detent or dog M sufficiently to de- "press its rear end below the path of the lug Ff of the breech-bolt. The 0 crating-slide will 11 action. 'When the lug be actuated by the gases-o discharge and by the spring E to throw back the breech-bolt, and a cartridge havin been fed up from the magazine to force t e cartridge into the breech. The pull on the trigger being released it will rise and the sear S will be engaged by the lug J extending above the lug and the parts will come to rest-in the po.

sition shown in Fig. 1', ready .to fire on again pressing the trig er. When the trigger,cut-

off is moved so t at the lug K re sts inaiotch K", it will permit a more extended movement second movement.

and thismovement I term its Whenthe trigger is pressed, it will first operate'to release the operating-slide to permit it t3 strike. the fir- -1ng-pin and dischar e the wee on. Its continued movement w1ll lift the or-ward end of the detent or dog M against the face of'the lug H,-'b which it is deflected out of enga igp- 'ment wit the upper face of the arm J spring M will .then lift the rear end of the de-.

tent or'dog'M into the path of the lug F? on the breech-bolt to catch the breech-bolt and holdit-in its rearmost position, as, shown in Fig. 7. The front end of the'detent o1" dfiig M, having been deflected, as described,

when thrown downward b theaction of the.

sprin M be held deflecte" b the side of'th' arm 4 and will not be raise as thearm re-;

turns to position on the release of the trigger. As the arm J returns to ositlon, however, 1t

will cease to holdthe en of the detent or dog deflected and it will again be in position'tobe raised1by the-said arm; having been placed in the receiver, the trigger is again pressed, lifting the forward end of the detent or dog M to release the breechbolt, which is, movedforward by the action of the sprin E to advance the cartridge into the breec lock the breech-bolt, and permit the terminal movement of the slide to fire the weapon. permitted by movin the trigger cut off K back until the lug rests in the notch K thus permitting a complete or third movement of the trigger, in which the initial part of the trigger movement frees the slide to discharge the arm, and the ,terminal part of the triggers movement brings the cam-faced lug J 3 into the path of the movement of the lug S of the'sear S, and the engagement of the J on. the arm J 4 with the detent or do M retains it permanently out of action as on as the trigger is held and permits the sear to be continuously tripped by the cam-faced lug J until the magazine is empty, at which time the upward movement of the cartridge-lifting lever O in themagazine'brings the arm 0 of Fig. 13 into en agement with the cam-lug or end M of the etent or dog M. (Shown in Figs; 21 and 7.) The action of the arm 0 against the beveled end M of'the detent ordo M causes it to be deflected beyond the en of the lug J 5 on the trigger and forced upward to one side of said lug J 5 (butnot so far as to catch beneath it) by the pressure of spring M, exerted on the dog M to elevate it into engagement with the breech-bolt, thus locking the breech-bolt in its rear position by means of the en agement of the cartridge lifting lever Owith the detent to allow the magazine to be refilled with cartridges, at which time the release of the trigger permits it to again engage with the detent M and dis enga e it'from the breech-bolt, swinging the lug 3 again into the path of the sear S and continuously tripping it with each successive discharge until the ma azine is empt In regard to the b0 t looking or i atching action of the slide D with the breech-bolt and with the receiver it is apparent that the beveled face f and the diagonal part f of the groove F cause the operating-slideD to exert a forward pressure, and a locking pressure on the breech-bolt during the initial artof the cam f and the cam F may be made steep enough to afford any required pressure of the operating-slide to terminate the advance movement of the breech-bolt at a fixed tion of the operating-slide.

The third action of the trigger is reech bolt and the locking-lugs of the receiver into positive engagement at a fixedv point in bot the locking and unlocking ac- The locking-lu F of the bolt-timing latch F may be bevele on its anterior side, asillustratedin 11, to aflord a camressure of the latch a ainst theoperating-sllde during the terminaI part of the unlocking action of the operating-slide with the breech-bolt and to continue this to automatically prevent the esca e of any of the operating-gas past the istonead. This air-pressure is relieved at t e terminal part of the movement of the slide D by the reliei of the gas-pressure against the end of the cylinder, asslsted by t e force of the spring D and by the inertia of the terminal movement of the slide D, the movable part of the pistonhead being checked slightly in advance of the terminal movement of the slideD. This action permits the air-chamber within the head to be opened by the valve D and the reverse or return movement of the piston-head to be accomplished Without friction against the side walls of the tube.

The cartridges are elevated in the magae zine through the medium of a spring-pressed lever and an auxiliary spring-pressed lever. In Fig. 7 these levers are shown as supported on a common ivot which is fixedly attached to and carried with the handle P, while in Figs. 1, 12, and 13 a modification is shown in which the auxiliary lever is pivoted to the forward end of the primary. lever and forms a cartridge-shelf to maintain the required position of the cartridges. In Fig. 12 this lever is'shown to be movably guided in the grooves HF, and the dog or latch L is pivotally supported in the handle to be moved by ressure of the thumb into engagement with the lever O and cause it to be guided with the handle and withdrawn from the magazine. The rearward movementof the lever 0 when in its u ward osition brin sit into en agement wit the s oulder H ,(il ustrated y dotted lines in Fig. 7,) and the inclined shape of this shoulder causes the rearward movement of the handle to de ress the lever in the magazine, brin g it own out. of the magazine and 1nto t e position illustrated in Fig. 1 and withdrawing the magazine-door from over the magazine thus opening the magazine for the purpose of refilling it and ermitting it to be closed by advancin the andle again to its forward position.

he wea on may be operated by reciprocating the andle P through the medium of an arm which projects into the path of the slide D and engages with it to reciprocate it. The handlemay be guided in its reciprocating movements by the lugsP and P, which are guided in the grooves H. (Illustrated in Figs. 7 and 12.)

The shell-extractor is either inserted or removed from the breech-bolt by turning it to a point op osite the cut-out part of the bolt. In its pre erred form the extractor is constructed to be carried vertically over the cartridge and to maintain this position during the reciprocatin movement of the bolt by means of the late .ed en agement of its spring with the bolt-head. T 's spring may have a sufficient tension to maintain any re uired firmness in the engagement between t e extractor and the breech-bolt, and the tension of the spring is sufficiently yielding to permit thebeveled extremity of the extractor to engage with the groove of the cartridge. The engagement of the extractor with the roove B in the end of the receiver prevents t e extractor from rotating with the bolt; The cam shape of the beveled flange F causes the extractor to maintain a locked engagement with the cartridge in withdrawing it and a yielding engagement in advancing 1t and permits a sufiicient swingingmovement of theext'ractor to allow it to engage with the flange or groove of the cartridge. Moreover, it Wlll be observed that the movement of the motorpiston rearward acts, through the breechlock, to impart a forward and downwardturning movement to the extractor about its axis, and the more violent the action of the gases on the piston the firmer will be the eng agement of the extractor with the cartridges. his operative relation between the piston and the extractor insures a grip on the car tridge by the extractor proportioned'to the violence with which the piston is actuated rearward by the gases of dlscharge.

The firin -pin ma be integrally formed with the sli e D, as i lustrated 1n Figs. 2 and 16, and when so formed it will be impossible to discharge the arm before the terminal looking action of the bolt. The preferred form of the firing-pin, which is illustrated in Fig. 4, may be assembled or disassembled by turning its retaining-lug to a point opposite the cutout part in the bolt-head, throu h which it may be Withdrawn. The spring 4 is preferably formed to have its projectin forward end engaged fixedly with the boltead and its rear end engaged with the firingpin to retain it in its working path of movement and to cause a slight tension in turning the firing-pin to permit its removal from the bolt- 6 5 head.

Having now fully described my invention and its mode of operation, what I claim as my invention, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is

1. In a firearm, a gun-barrel, a gas-chamber gradually expanding from the point where it enters the bore of the barrel, and a piston in the chamber.

2. In a firearm, a gun-barrel, a gaschamber gradually expanding from its front end where it enters the bore of the barrel, and a piston in said chamber.

3. In a firearm, a gun-barrel, a as-chamber having one portion parallel wit the barrel, another portion constituting a prolongation of the bore of the barrel, and a curved portion through which the bore of the barrel communicates with said parallel portion, and a piston in said chamber.

4. In a firearm, a gun-barrel, a gas-chamber having a gradually-expandin portion communicating with the bore of t e barrel,

and a pressure-timing device, whereby the I duration of pressure in said chamber is determined.

5. In a gun, the combination of a barrel and a reciprocatory and rotatory breechblock, a motor-piston actuated by the gases of discharge, and vmeans operated by said piston for reciprocating and rotating said breech-block.

6. In a gun, the combination of a barrel and rotating said block.

8. In a gun, the combination of a barrel and a reciprocatory and rotatory breechblock, with a discharge-actuated slide and a cam en a ement between said breech-block and sli e or reciprocating and rotating said block.

9. In a gun, thecombination of a barrel and a reciprocatory and rotatory breechblock having a cam-surface, with a dischargeactuated slide, having a part operatively engaging said cam-surface for reciprocating and rotating said block.

10. In a gun, the combination of a barrel, a reciprocatory and rotatory breech-block, a

ICC

reciprocating motor-piston actuated rear-" ward by the gases of discharge, and means operated by said EllStOD. for reclprocating and rotatin said bloc n a gun, the combination of a barrel, 1 0

a reciprocatory and rotatory breech-block, areciprocating piston actuated rearward by the gases of discharge, and a cam engagement between said piston and breech-block for reci rocating and rotating said block.

12. n a gun, the combination of a barrel, a reciprocatory and rotatory breech-block provided with a cam-surface, a reciprocating piston actuated rearward by the gases of discharge and provided with a part operatively engaging the cam-surface on the breechgoclli for reciprocating and rotating said 13. In a gun, the combination of a barrel,

and a gas-chamber having a portion communicating with the bore of the barrel, said portion having a gradually-increasing crosssectional area from the bore outward.

14. In a gun, the combination of-a gunbarrel', and a gas-chamber of larger cross-sec: tional area than the bore of the barrel, but having a portion communicating with the bore of the barrel which is of gradually-increasing cross-sectional area from the bore to the main portionof the chamber.

15. In a gun, the combination of a gunbarrel, and a gas-chamber of'larger cross sectional area than the bore of the barrel, and having a conical or funnel-shaped portion communicating with the bore of the barrel with the main portion of the gas-chamber, with its larger end opening into the said main portion.

16. In a gun the combination of a barrel, a gas-chamber having its front wall formed on the arc of a circle, the entrance of the chamber being located in front of the muzzle end of the barrel, and its other end being located to one side of the bore, and having an opening in its front wall in line with the bore of the barrel for the passage of the projectile.

17 In a gun, the combination of a barrel, a gas-chamber of larger cross-sectional area than the bore of the barrel, having its front wall formed on the arc of a circle, the entrance of the chamber being located in front of the muzzle end of the barrel and its end being located to one side of the bore, and having an opening in its front wall in line with the bore of the barrel for the passage of the projectile, and a conical or funnelshaped portion communicating with the bore of the barrel.

18. In a gun, the combination of a barrel, a gas-chamber located at the muzzle end of the barrel and having a laterally-deflected portion communicating with the bore ofthe barrel, the gas-chamber being of graduallyincreasing cross-sectional area from its entrance throughout a portion of its length.

19. In a gun, the combination of abarrel, a gas-chamber located at the muzzle end of the barrel and having an opening there'- through for the passage of the projectile, and having a laterally-deflected portion commu- I nicating with the bore of the barrel, the gas-.

chamber being of gradually-increasing crosssectional area from its entrance throughout a portion of itslength.

20. In a gun, the combination ofa barrel, a

gas-chamber located at the muzzle end of the barrel having a laterally deflectedconical or funnel-shaped portion communicating with the bore of the barrel, the gas-chamber being of gradually-increasing. cross-sectional area from its entrance throughout a portion of its length. v

21. In a gun, the combination of a barrel, a as-chamber located at the muzzle end of the arrel, having an opening therethrough for the passa e of the projectile, and having a laterally-de ected conical or funnel-shaped portion communicating with the bore of the barrel, the gas-chamber being 'of' gradually-increasing cross-sectional area from its entrance to the barrel throughout a portion of its length.

22. In a gun, the combination of a barrel, a

' laterally-deflected gas-chamber havin its entrance in front of the bore of the barre an extension on the front wall of the cha'mber-hav- D ing an opening therethrough in line with the.

bore of the barrel and constituting an extension thereof, for the passage of the projectile, the gas-chamber being of gradually-in creasing cross-sectional area from its entrance to the barrel throughout a portion of its lgngth. I

23. In a gun, the combination of a barrel, a laterally-deflected as chamber, havingits entrance in front 0 the bore ofthe barrel, and a conical or funnel-shaped portion communicating with the bore of th barrel, and

an extension on the front wall of the chamber ice I I I0 portion Whose enthe bore of the barrel for thepassag'e of the projectile.

25. A gas-chamber located inifront of the end of the bore of the barrel and having afun- I20 nel-shaped opening into"th e-same;-:its anterior-side formed on an arc of'a cir le and per-" forated to permit the free passagejof the projectile through the chamber, a gas-cylinder. communicating with the saidchamber, and a slide movablein the said cylinder and connected to the bolt action 26. Ina gas-operated firearm a as-cylinder and a slide movable in the sai cylinder and connectedwith a reciprocating and rotating bolt action and having a piston-head having an opening therethrough in" line with .10 5

formed of a movable part and an immovable part containing an air-chamber and an opening into the same in which is located a conical valve to afford a gas-check by means of an air-pressure Within the cylinder.

27. In a as-operated firearm the combination of a cyl in the same, the said piston formed of a movablepart and an immovable part and containing an .air-chamber, the sides of which are formed to yield against the cylinder to afford agas-check caused by an air-pressure within the cylinder, a spring located Within the chamber in the cylinder, and a valve to open and close the chamber in the cylinder, and connection between the said cylinder and the operating parts. i

28. A gas-chamber located in front of the bore of the barrel formed on an arc of a circle perforated to permit the free passage of the projectile and having a constantly-increasing diameter, a gas-cylinder connected with the said chamber, a slide having a piston-head and movable in said cylinder and connected with the bolt action.

29. A reciprocating breech-bolt having a spiral cam-guide which has a diagonal part at its rear end, and locking-lugs on the forward end of the bolt, a receiver having companion locking-lugs and a discharge-actuating slide engagin with the said bolt-guide, a latch carried y the bolt and engaging with the said slide and with the recelver to lock and release the slide.

30. A gas-actuated slide, a spring to resist themovement of the said slide, a breech-bolt to discharge the weapon by the forward terminal movement of the slide.

31. In a gun, the combination of a barrel, a slide actuated in one direction by the gases of discharge and in the other direction by a spring, a scar carried by said slide, and yieldin means cooperating with the sear to check t e terminal movement of the slide.

32. In a gun, the combination with a barrel, a slide actuated rearwardly by the ases of discharge and actuated forwardly y a spring, a sear carried by said slide and yielding means cooperating with the sear to check the slide before it completes its forward movement.

33. A discharge-actuated slide, a spring to resist the movement of said slide, a piston carried by said slide, a dash-pot in the path of said piston to afford an air-cushion in checking the terminal movement of the slide and connectionbetween the said slide and the bolt action.

34. A discharge-actuated slide, a spring to resist the movement of the said slide in one direction, a piston carried by and movable on said slide, a sear carried by said slide and engaging the said piston, a cylinder located inder and a piston movable within the path of the said piston to afford an air cushion in checking the terminal movement of the slide, means releasing the said sear releasing the slide from the piston to permit "a terminal firing action of the slide and a bolt action connected to said slide.

1 35. A reciprocating and rotating breechbolt having a groove formed to receive, re-

tain and release a shell-extractor, the said groove cut out to permit the extractor -to be assembled at a point beyond its working ath of movement, and a shellextractor orming a segment of a collar and a spring carried by the extractor.

36. A reciprocating and-rotating breechbolt having an extractor-seat forming a groove partially encircling the neck of the olt, the said groove cut out to ermit the extractor to be assembled at a point beyond its working path of movement, the anterior side of the extractor-seat having a beveled flange, a shell-extractor having a collar part forming a segment of a circle and the anterior side of the collar being beveled'to fit movably under its companion bevel in the extractor-seat .about the bolt, and a spring to exert a tension on the extractor.

37. A reciprocating and rotating breechbolt having an extractor-seat formed with a beveled flanged bearing-an extractor havspring carried by the said extractor and exerting a yielding tension against the bolthead and a depression in the bolt-head and engaging the spring to afford a semilatched condition of the extractor with the bolt.

38. A reciprocating and rotating breechbolt having an extractor-seat partially encircling the bolt and formed with a beveled flange, the said seat cut out to permit theextractor to be assembled at a point be ond its working path of movement, a she l-extractor having a collar part and a companion bevel ,to movably retain it in combination with the bolt, a sprin carried by the extractor and exerting a yie ding tension between the bolt-and the extractor, a latching depression in the bolt-head engaging the said spring and a receiver having a groove engag- .ing the extractor at the limit of its forward movement and preventing it from rotating and governing its latching engagement with the bolt. G

39. A receiver formed integrally with the barrel having a guiding-path for the bolt and locking-lugs near the forward end of the receiv'er, the forward end of the chamber in the receiver being beveled and having a conical shape to aflord additional thickness and strength of the receiver-walls, and a breechbolt movable in the said-receiver and having locking-lugs which are rovided with a companion bevel to aflor additional strength to the bolt action.

40. A receiver having a guideway for a reciprocating and rotating bolt and cam-lockin lugs, a reciprocating and rotating breechboIt having companion locking-lugs, a cartridge-magazine having cartridge-retaining wings which project up into the receiver, the locking-lugs of the bolt movable between the wings of the magazine, and the'body'part of the bolt cut away to permit a rotating, locking actionof the bolt.

41. A receiver having a guideway for a reciprocating and rotating breech bolt and locking lugs, a reciprocating and rotating breech-bolt having companion locking-lugsv and a body part of the bolt provided with a cam-track, a cartridge-magazine having cartridge-retaining wings extending up into the receiver, the locking-lug of the breech-bolt movable between said wings, and the body art of the bolt cut out to permit a rotating, ocking action of the bolt, and an actuatingslide engaging the cam-guide in the breechbolt and a spring-actuated lifter located in the magazine.

42. A receiver having a guideway for a reciprocating and rotating breech bolt and locking-lugs, a reciprocating and rotating breech-bolt having companion locking-lugs and a body part of the bolt provided with a cam-track, a cartridge-magazine having car-v tridge-retaining wings extending up into the receiver, the locking-lug of the breech-bolt.

movable between said wings, and the-body art of the bolt cut out to permit a rotating, ocking action of the bolt, and an actuatingslide engaging with the cam-guide in the breech-bolt, a spring-actuated lifter located in the magazine, and a firing-pin.

43. A firing action comprising a dischargeactuated slide, a spring to resist the rearward movement of said slide, a reciprocating breech-bolt o erated by said slide, a sear engaging said s ide, a trigger engaging the said scar and an additional sear also engaging the slide and engaged by the trigger.

44. In a firearm, a trigger action comprising a primary sear;'a secondary sear, a trigger in position to consecutively operate said sears,

and a cut-ofi adjustable to stop the trigger after it has tripped either sear.

45. In a firearm, capable of single or automatic firing, the combination of a breechblock, with means enga ing and retaining said block in open or loa ing position,,a sear retaining the firing action when the breechblock is closed, a trigger in operative relation with said means and sear, and capable of operating the same by a single or by-successive pulls and a trigger check or cut-off determining such operation.

46. A trigger action comprising a primary sear, an auxiliary sear and a trigger cut-off engaging with the trigger, the cut-off permit ting a limited movement of the trigger to control the single firing action, an additional movement of the trigger to control the loading action and a terminal movement of the trigger to control the automatic action, a cartridge-magazine, a spring-pressed cartridgelifter in the magazine, a reciprocating breechbolt, a sear engaging the breech-b olt at the terminal part of its rearward movement and located in the path of the movement of the said cartridge-lifter and engaged by it to effect the engagement of the sear with the breech-bolt.

47. A reciprocating breech-bolt, a receiver carrying the bolt, a cartridgemagazine, a

.cartridge-lifterharried by the magazine, a

sear engaging the breech-bolt at the terminal part of its rearward movement and located in the path of the movement of the cartridgelifter and engaged by the lifter to efiect its engagement with the bolt, and a trigger engaging the said sear to release it from the bolt.

48. A cartridge-magazine, a cartridge-lifter movable in the magazine, a spring to exert a yielding tension against the lifter, a handle movable in a' guideway located in said magazine, and means causing the lifter to move with the handle.

49. A cartridge-magazine having a guide way or groove, a sliding handle movable in the said guideway, a cartridgelifter pivotally supported and movable in thesaid uideway, a spring carried by the cartridge-Inter and exerting a yielding tension upon it, the forward end of the said 'guideway being beveled or flared and the said handle carrying a pawl which on ages with the said lifter to depress the lifter y reciprocating the handle.

50. In a'magazinegun the combination of a magazine, a reciprocating breech-boltabove the magazine, a slide movable in guideways in said'magazine and having a part engaging the upper cartridge in its forward movement, and operative connections between the slide and bolt.

51. In a magazine-gun, the combination of I 'amagazine, a reciprocating bolt above the magazine, a slide movable in guides in the. magazine, a cartridge-engaging arm on the .slide projecting upward in front of the bolt,

connections between the bolt and slide and a cartrid e-extractor carried by the bolt.

52. n a magazine-gun, the combination of a magazine a reciprocating bolt above the magazine, a slide having lost-motion connections with the bolt and movable in guideways in the magazine, an. arm or part on said slide projecting upward in front of the bolt, and a cartrid e-extractor carried by the bolt.

53. receiver, a breech-bolt carried by the receiver, a cartridge-magazine having a guidegroove, a cartridge-feed and cartridge-ejector movable in the said guide to feed and eject. the cartridges.

54. Ina firearm, a reciprocating breechbolt having a groove or seat, a cartrid e- ITO ejectorengagingwith the said groove, an a spring exerting a yielding tension against the ejector, the said ejector havinga limited movement to ermit the rearward terminal movement of t e bolt to eject the shell.

55. A barrel and receiver having a bracket which forms one member of a bin e, a stockframe having a companion mem er for the bin e, a reciprocating breech-bolt carried by sai receiver, a gas-actuated slide engagin the breech-bolt, a pawl orlatch engaging wit the receiver to lock it against the frame and the said slide depressible out of the ath of the bolt to permit the bolt to be quic ly disassembled.

56. In a firearm a receiver, a reciprocating breech-bolt havin a bolt-lockin cam and a latching-cam, a ho t-latch carrie by the bolt and an operating-slide engaging said cams to govern and time the reciprocating latching and locking action of the bolt.

57. In a firearm a receiver for the breechbolt, a breech-bolt having a bolt-locking camguide and a latching-cam, a latch carried by the bolt and provided with a latching-lug, the said lug having a cam-face and an actuatingslide engagin with the said breech-bolt and with the sai cams and bolt-latch to govern and time the latching action of the slide with the breech-bolt and the locking action of the bolt with the receiver.

58. In a firearm a receiver, a reciprocating breech-bolt movable in the receiver, a discharge actuated slide enga ing with the breech-bolt-to reciprocate and lock it a sear controlling said slide and a trigger engaging the sear whereby theloading and firing action of the arm may be controlled.

59. In a firearm, the combination of a gasactuated slide, a spring to resist the movement of the slide, a breech-bolt connected to the slide, a scar carried by the slide provided with a lug, an arm havin lugs arranged in the vertical plane of the ug carried by the sear but in different horizontal planes, andv means for moving the arm to cause either of said lugs at will to cooperate with the lug on the sear to trip the sear and permit,the discharge of the weapon by the terminal movement of the slide.

60. In a firearm, the combination 'ofa breech-bolt, aslide actuated in one direction by the gases of discharge, and actuated in the opposite direction b a spring, means for c ecking the termina forward movement of the slide, a trigger carr in devices arranged in different horizonta p anes cooperatlng with devices carried by the side, whereby the slide may be released or the checking of its terminal movement prevented at will.

61. In a breech-loadin gun, the combination with a barrel, and a rech-block chamber, of a-breech block, a reciprocating motoriston, means operated by said piston for st rotatin to unlock and then withdrawing said breechlook from said chamber, and for returning and locking the same, and an extractor mounted on said breech-block.

62. In a gas-operated breech-loading gun, the. combination with a breech-block chamber, of a barrel, a cylinder connected to said barrel, a motor-piston mounted in said cylinder, a mainspring for moving said piston in the opposite direction, a breech-block, means operated b said piston for first rotating to unlock an then withdrawin said breechblock from said chamber, an for returning .and locking the same, and an extractor mounted on said breech-block.

63. In a breech-loadin gun, the combination with a barrel, and a reech-block chamber, of a breech-block, a reciprocating motorpiston, a cam engagement between said piston and said breech-block for first rotating to unlock} and then withdrawin saidbreechblock from said chamber an for returning and locking the same, and an extractor mounted on said breech-block.

64'. In a gas-operated breech-loading gun, the combination with a breech-block chamber, of a barrel, a cylinder connected to said barrel, a motor-piston mounted in said cylinder, a mainspring for moving said pistonin the opposite direction,a breech-block, a cam enga ement between said piston and said breec -block for first rotating to unlock and then withdrawin said breech-block "from said chamber, an for returning and lockin the same, and an extractor mounted on sai breech-block.

65. In a breech-loading gun, the combination with a barrel, and a breechb1ock'cham ber, of a breech-block provided with a camgroove therein, a reciprocating motor-piston -with a stud or pin to engage in said camgroove for first rotatin to unlock and then withdrawing said breec -block, or vice versa, and an extractor mounted on said, breechblock.

66. In a breech-loadin gun, the combination with a barrel and a reech-block cham' ber, of a breech-block adapted to rotate and lock or unlock in and to move longitudinally into and out of said chamber, with a camgroove on said breech-block, a reciprocating motor-piston into said breec -block and engaging said camroove, and an e'xtractormounted on said reech-block.

67. In a brech-loadin gun, the combination with a barrel, and aIneech-block chamber, of a breech-block, a reci rocating motorpiston, and means 0 erated ysaid piston for first rotating to un ock and then Withdrawing said breech-block, from said chamber, and

for returning and locking the same, with a firing-pin secured to said piston and passing through said breech-block.

68 In a gas-operated breech-loading gun,

.the combination with a breech-block chamber, of a barrel, a cylinder connected tosaid barrel, a motor-piston mounted in said cylinder, a mainspring for moving said piston in rovided with a pin passing breech-block from said chamber, and for returningand locking the same, with a firing-pin secured tosaid piston and passingthrough said breechsblock. 69. In a breech-loadin gun, thecombination with a barrel, and a Ireech-blockchamber, of a breech-block, a reciprocating motorpiston, and a cam enga ement between said piston and said breech-. lock for first rotating to unlock and then withdrawing said breechblock from said chamber and for returning and locking the same, with a firing-pin secured to said piston and passing through said breech-block.

70. In a gas-operated breech-loading gun, the combination with a breech-blockchamber, of a barrel, a cylinder connected to said barrel, a motor-piston mounted in said cylinder, a mainspring for moving said piston in the opposite direction, .a breech5block, and a cam engagement between said piston and said breech-block for first rotating to unlock and then withdrawing said breech-block from said chamber, and forreturning and lockin the same, with a firing-pin secured to sai piston and passing through said breech-block.

71. In a breech-loadin gun, the combination with a barrel, and a reech-block-chamber, of a breech-block provided with a camgroove therein, and a reciprocating motor-.

piston provided with a stud or pin to engage in said groove for first rotating to unlock and then Withdrawing said breech-block, orvice versa, and a firing-pin secured to said stud or pin and mounted in said breech-block.

72. In a breech-loadin gun, the combination with a barrel, and aImeech-block chamber, of a breech-block adapted to rotate and lock or unlock in and to move longitudinally into and out of said chamber, with acamgroove on said breech-block, a reciprocating motor-piston provided with a pin passing into the breech-block and engaging said camgroove, and a firing-pin secured to said pin and mounted in said breech-block.

73. In a breech-loadin gun, the combination with a barrel, and a reech-block chamber, of a breech-block, a reciprocating motorpiston, means operated by said piston for first rotating to unlock and then withdrawing said breech-block, from said chamber, and for returning and locking the same, a firingpin mounted in said breech-block and secured to and moving with said piston, and an extractor mounted-onsaid breech-block.

7 4. In a gas-operated breech-loading gun, the combination with a breech-block chamber, of a barrel, a cylinder connected to said barrel, a motor-piston.mounted in said cylinder, a mainspring for moving said piston in the opposite direction, a breech-block, means operated by said piston for first rotating to unlock and then withdrawing said breechblock from said chamber and'for returning and locking the same, a firing-pin mounted in said ."breech -"block and secured to and moving with said piston, and an" extractor mounted on said breech-block.

75. In a breech-loadin gun, thegcombinar tion with abarrel, and a. reech-blockjchamber, of a breech-block, a'reciprocatin'g motorpiston, a cam engagement between said. piston and said breech-blockzfor first rotating to unlock and then withdrawing said breechblock from said chamber and for returning and locking the same, a firing-pin mounted in said breech-block and secured to and movable with said piston, and an extractor mounted on said breech-block.

76. In a gas-operatedbreech-loading gun,

*the combination with a breech-block chamber, of a barrel, a cylinder connected to said barrel, a motor-piston mounted in said cylinder, a mainspring for moving said piston in the opposite direction, a breech-block, a cam engagement between said piston and said breech-block for first rotating to unlock and then withdrawingsaid breech-block from said chamber, and for returning and locking the same, a firing-pin mounted in said breechblock and secured to and moving with said piston, and 'an extractor mounted on said breech-block.

7 7.- In a breech-loading'gun, -the combination with a barrel, and a breech blockchamber, of a breech-block provided with a camgroove therein, a reciprocating motor-piston provided with a stud or pin to enga e in'said motor-piston provided with a pin passing into,

said breech-block and engaging said cams roove, a firing-pin mounted insaid breechlock, and secured to and moving with said piston, and an extractor mounted on said breech-block. g

79. Ina breech-loading gun, the combination with a barrel, and a breech-block chamber,, of a breech-block, areciprocating m'otorpiston, means operated by said piston for first rotating to unlock and then withdrawing said breech-block from said chamber, and

for returning and locking the same, an extractor mounted on said breech block, means for feeding the cartridges to the gun in front of said breech block, and an ejector operated by said piston in its rearward motion for ejectin the empty cartridge-cases.

80. n a gas-operated breech-loading gun, the combination with a breech-block chamber, of a barrel, a cylinder connected to said barrel, a motor-piston mounted in said cylinder, a mainspring for moving said iston in the opposite direction, a breec -bloc means operated b said piston for first rotating to unlock an then withdrawin block from said chamber, an for returnin and locking the same, an extractor mounte 'on said breech-block, means for feeding the cartridges to the in front of said breechblock, and an ejector operated by said piston in its rearward motion or ejecting the empty cartrid e-cases.

81. a breech-loadin gun, the combination with a barrel, and a reech-block chamber, of a breech-block, a reciprocating motorpiston, a' cam engagement between said piston and said breech-block for first rotating to unlock and then withdrawing said breechblock from said chamber and returning and locking the same, an extractor mounted on said breech-block, means for feedin the cartrid s to the gun in front-of sai ,breechblocIr; and an ejector o erated by said piston in its rearward motion or ejecting the empty cartrid e-cases. 1

82. a gas-operated breech-loading gun, the combination with a breech-block chamber, of a barrel, a cylinder connected to said barrel, a motor-piston mounted in said cylinder, a mainspring for moving said piston in the opposite direction, a breech-block, a cam enga ement between said piston and said breeci-block for first rotating to unlock and then withdrawin said breech-block from said chamber, an for returning and lockin the same, an extractor mounted in sai breech-block and o erated by said iston, means for feeding t e cartridges to t e gun in front of saidbreech-block,'and an ejector operated by said iston in its rearward motion for ejecting t e empty cartridge-cases.

83. In a breech-loadin gun, the combina-' tion with a barrel, and a reech-block chamber, of a breech block provided with a camgroove therein, a reciprocating motor-piston provided with a stud or pin to enga e in said cam-groove for first rotating to u ock, and then withdrawing said breech-block, or vice versa, an extractor mounted on said breechblock, means for feeding the cartridges to the gun in front of said breech-block, and an ejector operated by said piston in its rearward motion for ejecting the empty cartridge-cases. 7

84. In a breech-loadin gun, the combination with a barrel, and a reech-block chamber, of a breech-block adapted to rotate and said breechinto and out of said chamber, with a camgroove on said breech-block,a reciprocating motor-piston provided with a pin passing into said breechblock and engaging said camgroove, an extractor mounted on'said breechblock, means for feeding the cartridges to the gun in front of said breech-block and an ejector operated by said piston in its rearward motion for ejecting the empty cartrid ge-cases. 85. In a breech-loading gun, the combination with a motor-piston and mechanism for opening and closing the breech, of means for drawing the empty cartridgecase to the rear, and an ejector operated by said piston.

86. In a gun, a gaschamber, a gas-tube communicating therewith, a driving-rod having a piston moving in said tube, a spring resisting the movement of said rod, a reciprocating breech-bolt havinga cam-guide terminating in a straight part at its forward end, afiring-lpin, and operative connections between t e driving-rod and said cam-guide, whereby the bolt is actuated by the drivingrod and the gun is discharged by the terminal forward movement thereof,

87. In a breech-loadin gun, the combination with a barrel, and a reech-block cham-.

ber, of a breech-block, a reciprocating motorpiston, means operated by said piston for first rotating to unlock and then withdrawin said breech-block, from said chamber, an for returning and locking the same, an extractor pivoted on said breech-block and operated by said piston, and means restraining the extractor from turning with the breechblock. v

88. In a breech-loadin gun, the combination with a barrel, and a reech-block chamber, of a breech-block, a reciprocating motorpiston, means operated by said piston for, first rotating to unlock and then withdrawing said breech-block from said chamber, and for returning and locking the same, and an extractor pivoted on said breech-block and operated by said piston.

'89. In a gas-operated breech-loading gun, the combination with a breech-block cham- IIO ber, of a barrel, a cylinder connected to said barrel, a motor-piston mounted in said cylinder, a mainspring for moving said iston in the opposite direction, a breech-bloc means operated-b said piston for first rotating to unlock an then withdrawin block from said chamber, an for returning and locking the same, and an extractor ivoted on said breech-block and operate by said piston.

90. In a breech-loading gun, the combination with a barrel, and a breech-block chamber, of a breech-block, a reciprocating motorpiston, a cam engagement between said piston and said breech-block for first rotating to unlock and then withdrawing said breechlock or unlock in and to move longitudinally block from said chamber and for returning said breech-,

and locking the same, and an extractor pivoted on said breech-block and operated by said piston.

91. In a gas-operated breech-loading gun, the combination with a breech-block chamber, of a barrel, a cylinder connected to said barrel, a motor-piston mounted in said cylinder, a mainspring for moving said piston in the opposite'direction, a breech-block, a 'cam engagement between said piston and said breech-block for first rotating to unlock and then withdrawing said breech-block from said chamber, and for returning and locking the same, and an extractor pivoted on said breech-block and operated by said piston.

92. In a breech-loadin gun, the combination with a barrel, and a reech-block chamber, of a breech-block provided with a camgroove therein, a reciprocating motor-piston with a stud or pin to engage in said camgroove for first rotating to unlock and then withdrawing said breech-block, or vice versa, and an extractor ivoted on said breechblock and o erated y said piston.

93. In a reech-loading gun, the combination with a barrel and a breech-block chamber, of a breech-block adapted to rotate and lock or unlock in and to move longitudinally into and out of said chamber, with a cam groove on said breech-block, a reciprocating motor-piston provided with a pin assing into said, breech-block and engaging said camroove, and an extractor pivoted on said reech-block and o erated by said piston.

94. In a breechoadin gun, the combination with a barrel, and aImeech-block chamber, of a breech-block having interrupted engagement in said chamber, a reciprocating motor-piston, means operated by said piston for first rotating to unlock and then withdrawing said breech-block from said chamber, and for returning and locking the same,

and an. extractor engaging in a lon itudinal groove in the receiver and revolu ly connected to said breech-block, and operated by said piston.

95. In a gas-operated breech-loading gun,

the combination with a breech-blockichamber, of a barrel, a cylinder connected to said" barrel, a motor-piston mounted in said cylinder, a mainsprlng for moving said lston 1n the opposite direction, abreech-bloc havingbreech-block, and operated by said piston.

96. In a breech-loadin gun, the combination with a barrel, and aIreech-block chamber, of a breech-block-having.interrupted engagement with said chamber, a reciprocating motor-piston, a .cam engagement between said piston and said breech-block for first rotating to unlock and then withdrawing said breech-block from said chamber and for returning and locking the same, and an extractor engaging in a longitudinal groove in the receiver and revolubly connected to said breech-block, and operated by said iston.

97. In a gas-operated breech-10a ing gun, the combination with a breech-block chamber, of a bar'rel, a cylinder connected to said barrel, a motor-piston mounted in said cylinder, a mainspring for moving said piston in the opposite direction, a breech-block, having interrupted engagement with said chamber, a cam engagement between said piston and said breech-block for first rotating to unlock and then withdrawing said breech-block from said chamber, and for returning and locking the same, and an extractor engagin in a longitudinal groove in the receiver an revolubly connected to said breech-block, and

operated by said piston.

98. In a breech-loadin gun, the combination with a'barrel, and a reech-block chamber, of a breech-block provided with a camgroove therein, and having interrupted engagement with said chamber, a reciprocating motor-piston Cprovided with a stud or pin to engage in sai cam-groove for first rotating to unlock and then withdrawing said breechblock, or vice versa, and an extractorengaging in a longitudinal groove in the receiver and revolubly connected to said breech-block, and operated by said piston.

99. In a breech-loading gun, the combination with a barrel and a breech-blockcham- .ber, of a breech-block adapted to rotate and cam-groove, and an extractor engagln in a lon itudinal groove in the receiver an revolu ly-connected to said breech-block, and operated by said piston.

100. In a breech-loading gun, the combination with a barrel, and a breech-block cham ber, of a breech-block, a reciprocating motor- Ipliston, means operated by said piston for rst rotatin to unlock and then withdrawing said'breechlock from said chamber, and for returning and locking the same, a firingin mounted in said breech-block and secured to and movin with said piston, and an extractor pivote on said breech-block and operated by said piston. r 101. In a gas-operated breech-loading gun, the combination with a breech-block chamber', of a barrel, a cylinder connected to said

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