US815794A - Gas-producer. - Google Patents

Description

PATENTE!) MAR. 20, 1906.

A. GERASOLI. GAS PRDUCER.

LPPLIGATION num 23.22.1904.

'i SHEETS-SHEET l Fig. Z

PATENTED MAR. 20, 1906.

A. CERASULI.

GAS PRODUCER.

APPLIGATION rxLnn M1122. 1904.

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110.815.794. PATENTED MAR. 20, 1906. A. GERASOLI. GAS PRODUCER.

PPLXCATIUN FILED APB.22,1904.

4 SHEETS-SHEET 3.

PATENTED MAR. 20, 1906.

A. BRASOLL GAS PRODUCER.

ArrLmrrxoN rum) Amma. 1904.

4 SHEETS-SHEET 4,

Fig. .5

UNITED STATES ALBERTO CERASOLI, OF ROME, ITALY.

GAS-PRODUCER.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented March 20, 1906.

Application i'lled April 22, 1904. Serial No. 20L433.

To will whom it may concern.:

Be it known that I, ALBERTO Cnniisou, civil engineer', a subject of the King of Italy, residing at No. 64 V ia Sistina, Reine, Italy, have invented certain new and useful Improvernents in Gas-Producers, (for which I ave applied for Letters Patent in Great Britain on September 25, 1903, No. 20,678, and in Italy on February 6, 1904,) of which the following is a full and complete specification.

This invention relates to improvements in as generators especially suitable for burn ing combustibles containing a large amount of moisturesuch as lignite, peat, wood, &c. and combustibles containing large amounts of terry matters and heavy hydrocarbons, suoli as some kinds ci bituminous fuels, soft slacks, &c.

Hitherto reat difficulty has been experienced in o taining from tliese fuels a gas sufficienti good and pure to be used without the troublesome and expensive preiiininary washing and cooling heretofore necessary for most purposes for which the gas can be used. When using fuels containing a large amount of moisture, the gas obtained from these fueis in the producers hitherto employed always contains a large amount of water vapor which separates from the fresh charge of fuel, and it is necessary to wash with cold water or' otherwise condense this water-vapor before the gas can be used for any purpose.

In the case of bituminous fuels, when it is attempted to gasify these in an ordinary producer the large amount of terry matters and hydrocerbons which separate from each fresh c arge of fuel fed into the producer renders the gas issuing from the producer wholly unfit to be used without preliminary scrubbing or washing, i both of these operations. To obviate these diliculties, I have designed a sis-producer which forms the object of my invention and by means of which it is possiole to utilize the moisture contained in the fuel to obtain a gas richer in hydrogen.

The following description of the construcas the gas-outlet and is connected tion and the mode of Working of this gas-producer will be better understood b reference to the following drawings, in whic Figure I represents the new gas-producer in crosssection. Fig. II represents two asproducers huilt side by side, the rst on a ongitudinal section through line X X, Fig. I, and the second in section Y Y, Fig. I. Fi III represents two gas-producers built si e lan and the second in sectional plan throng i line Z Z, Fig. I. Fig. IV represents in vertical section a inodiiication of the producer shown in Fig.l I. Fig. V is a sectional plan of the producer shown in Fig. IV.

The u per part of the producer (shown in Figs. I, I, and III) is divided into three coinpartincnts l) c al by two hanging partitions. The one, m, which is nearest to thegrate, is lcarried down to a reater depth into the body of the producer tian the other partition n. The two compartments b and c are provided et the top with hoppers p g for charging the fuel. Two or more such lioppcrs can be placed on the top of each of these compartments instead of one, according to the width of the producer. The compartment d serves to the gasoutlet pipe l, which takes the gas away from the roduder.

T ie four sides surrounding the lower art yci the producer are the tworvertical wa ls k k,Fig. `opposite to each other and which are arranged at right angles to the above-described partitions m The third side is formed by the inclined wall it, Fig. I, which slopes inward and downward toward the bottoni of the roducernandithe fourth side is fornuid'fbly.; re grate e, which is also inclined downward towardthe-ccnter of the producer and ispljacedbclowthe artition-well m. "I`fr th'eupper part of t ie partition-wall m I insert one or rnore steam-injectors 'ifi or its or their equivalents and arrange them so as to draw or suck the ases from the top of the compartment c and eroe them into the upper part of the compartment b. The producer is closed at the bottom, preferably, by a waterlute o, into which the ashes and clinkers from the burned fuel collect and which can be removed from time to time. The producer is also {itted at the top with poke-holes g g, observation-holes, &c. Figs. IV and V show, respectively in vertical and horizontal sections, a producer having a circular horizontal section, but in other respects is similarly constructed as the producer described above. In this circular producer the grate e is shaped like a sector of an inverted truncated cone and extends for about one-third of thc circumference of the producer.

Having described the construction of my reducer, I will new describe its action. he fuel is charged into the compartments c by side, the first in ICO VIIC

d by the hoppers p and q. The blast consisting of cold or heated air or a saturated or superheated mixture of air and steam is admitted into the producer by the blast-inlet pipe a and comes in contact with the fuel after passing through the grate c, on which the fuel partly rests. The gas which is produced by the blast traversing the mass of fuel in the lower zone of the producer passes into the outlet-chamber d and is taken away from the producer by the gas-outlet pipe l. The action of the injector or injectors i is to draw a portion of the said producer-gases generated 1n the lower part of the producer through the fuel contained in the compartment c, which fuel is distilled by coming into direct and intimate contact with these hot gases, and all the water-va or and bituminous constituents roduced y this distillation, together wit i the producer-gas, are blown into the upper part of the com artment and thence they pass through the nel contained in the compartment whereby also the moisture contained in this fuel is completely or partialliy evaporated and the fuel is partly distille The portion of producer-gaaafter having circulated through the two compartments c b and effected the complete or neariy complete distillation of the fuel convtained in the compartment c and to a lesser degree the distillation of the fuel contained in the compartment I), enter into the hot zone of combustion r. where the water-vapor and the distillation-gases with which these gases are charged are decomposed by the reducing action of carbon at such a high temperature. The water-va or will form hydrogen, and the two oxids oV carbon and the distillationgases will form fixed gases, chiefly carbon monoxid and methane. By this arrange ment the moisture contained in the fuel, and which is given off as waterva ior, together with the condensable gases pro uced by the distillation in traversing the incand escent zone of fuel, as described above, is utilized, thus effecting a considerable saving in steam which otherwise would have to be supplied from external sources for the productlon of the gas and for the recovery of the ammonia. The fuel charged into the compartment b descends gradually into the hot combustion zonef, where it comes into contact with the blast and is thereby burned, the roducts of this combustion being chiefiy car on dioxid, Water-vapor, and hydrocarbon, or condensable gases, which roducts in passing subseguently through tlie combustion zone r are ecomposed into fixed gases, chiefly carbon monoxid and hydrogen. The gas obtained from this producer will therefore also be comparatively dry and free from bituminous constituents and condensable gases, and it can therefore be applied directly to most of the uses to which ordinary producer-gas is applied without any preliminary washing or scrubbn When it is desired to recover the ammonia from the gas, it is preferable to reduce the uantity of gas circulating inside the proucer by the action of the injectors to such a point, so that the temperature in the compartment c may not exceed the temperature required for the evaporation of the moisture and for the distillation of the more volatile hydrocarbons. At this temperature the nitrogen contained in the fuel does not form ammonia; but this reaction takes place in the combustion zone r, from whence the ammonia goes out of the producer, together with the producer-gas, without traversing any zone of high temperature which would cause its decomposition.

Having now fully described my said invention and the manner in which the same is to be performed, I declare that what I claim, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is-

l. A gas-producer having a slanting grate in the lower part thereof and the upper part of which is divided into several compartments of different depth b ha ing partitions parallel or quasi para] el tonte slanting grate, two or more adjoining compartments being provided with hoppers on the top to charge them with fuel so that a. ortion of this fuel is delivered b gravitation direct onto the grate and in t e body of the producer and so that the fuel is distilled by coming into direct contact with the hot gases, and the other of said com artrnents forming a gasoutlet chamber, andp a gas-outlet pipe communicating with said gasoutlet compartment, substantially as set forth.

2. A gas-producer having a slanting grate in the lower part thereof and the upper part of which is divided into several compartments of different depth by han in partitions parallel or quasi parallel to t e s anting grate, two adjoining compartments being provided with ho pers on the top to keep them charged wit fuel and also with one or several injectors or their equivalents, fixed in the partitions dividin these two compartments for circulating t e roducts of the distillation takin place in t ese compartments inside the pro ucer and forcing them through the hot zone of combustion, and the other of said compartments forming a gas-outlet chamber, and a gas-outlet plpe communieating with said gas-outlet compartment, substantially as set forth.

In witness whereof I have hereunto set my hand in the presence of two witnesses,

ALBERTO CERASOLI.

Witnesses:

G. B. ZAUARDO, A. RAZZI.

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