US1066717A - Gas-producer. - Google Patents

Description

HJL. DOHERTY.

GAS PRODUCER.

APPLICATION FILED use. 27. 1909.

1,066,717. Patented July 8, 1913.

4 SHEETS-SHEET 1.

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\lupam D I i Henry L. Doherty, (Jvwewtoz Q ai fozum 4: 2; 1ETS-$HEET 2.

Patenwi July 8, 1913.

IIIIIIIA'III Illll Y H. L. DOHBRTY.

GAS PRODUCER.

APPLIOATION FILED DEC, 22 1909 vimzw 835137 2 6 attorney;

Henry L. Do hearty, nvawtoz H. L. DOHERTY.

GAS PRODUCER.

APPLIOATIbN FILED n1;

Patented July 8, 1913. 4 SHEETSSHBET a.

M 5 EHEJEL NE Y H JIE FEW F 24 Henry L. Doherty iivwem/coz alto awe H. L. DOHERTY.

GAS PRODUCER.

APPLICATION FILED 13110.27, 1909.

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trailers HENIZY L.. DOHERTY, OF NEW YORK, Y.

GAS-PRODUCER.

To all whom z'tmay concern:

Be it known that I, HENRY L.- DOHERTY, a citizen ofthe United States, and agresident of New York city, in the county of New -York and State of New York, have invented certainncwand useful Improvements in a Gas-Producer, ofwh-ich the following is a specification. a

This invent-ion relates togas producers, and, particularly, to apparatus of that character which is specially adapted to gasifying fine or--'slack coals. e

The object of my invention is the furnishing of an apparatus for the purpose stated which will overcome the difiiculties due to the fine characterfof the material and the large percentage and easy .fusibilit-y of the ash of such coal.

In the accompanying drawings, I show a design' of;a producer embodying my invention although the construction of the producermay be considerably modified without departing fromuthepprinciples involved in my invention. I i V Figure 1 isa vertical section through-my gas producer on a plane through the line E F ot Fig. 2. Fig,- 2 is ayert-i'cal section through-a plane at right angles to the plane of Fig.1,passing through t'he line A B of that figure. Fig. 3 is ayei'tical section throughthe line C D of Fig. 1. Fig. 4' is a plan of the apparatus showing the blower which supplies the airunder pressure to the injector. Figs. 5, Sand 7 are detail-views of the gates closing, the poke holes.

The'construction and method of operation- 7 -In the preferred form of; my invention: the producer consists :of a chamberof rectangw lar section 1, inclosed by thick walls 2, of fire clay or other refractory material. -.---An outersteel shell. 3, inclosesi the walls -2. Cross-fines preferably, though not necessan ily, of rectangular cross-section, extend across the gas-making chamber 1 These are set in tiers, the tines P, P and i on adjacent tiers. are set staggered in rel'ation to each other so that material sliding off the tops ofthe'fiues in the upper tier will fall uponand be intercepted by the cooperating tlues of the lower tier. The upper group of dues, which I will designate 4?, occupy. what may be Specification of letters Patent.

an air nozzle 6, induction ch ber-7 gent-nozzle discharge; pzissage .s j an inlet t gasesian.

Patented July 8, 1913.

Application filed December 27, 1909. Serial N 0. 585,037.

called the distillation or carbonizing zone of z the gasifying chamber 1. The flues-of mid dle group 4*, occupy the upper; part. of the gas making zone while the lowest group 4'" occupies the lower part-of that zone. The H parts 4 act simply assli'elve's and may be made of flat tiles or made solid instead of hollow if preferred. The parts 4-? and 4, in? the other hand, exercise 't-w'o' functions,; 'oi}'e of these is to act as intercepting shelyjes,ithe' same as 4";in order to prevent'the fine co'l" falling freely throughthe producer cha; her, and the other is to furnish passage for, in the one case, the finished producer g asf through t-he-carbonizing 'zoneand, in the other, the draft current supplied .for main taining combustion in the producer the gasifying" zone of the latter.- An injector 5, furnis'h e'sfthe meansio troducin the draft current into the 'g s ducing c 'amberfl. This injector com rises inlet 11 for products offcombus tion and and asupplementary. air inlet "12. '10,*is connected by the pipe 13, with the opening TI" 14, at the upper'partqf-the carhonizin-g'zone of the gasproducing chamber 1. A valve or' damper15 0n-13serves to regulate (in connection with the air regulating valve 16, on

nozzle 6) "the-volume'of'gas withdrawn from". the carbonizing' zone and injected into the draft current. A pipe 18, having-a. valve 19, connects the inlet 11 with some source (not shown) of combustion This source "mayhethe exhaust from a gas engine-,. fiiie f gas from a. furnace,gas from a lim'e or cement kiln,- etc. A crosS-flue-QO, in the'wiill of the chamber 1 receivesthe draft current) "discharged from 8, and distributes itfto" the several 'fiues 4 whose interior passages are in-communication with 20. The draft "current passes through-the fines 4 and dis: charges into a flueor narrowchamber21 in the opposite wallof chamber 1, which corre spends in position. to flue 20. The lower part of 21 communicates with the passages or 10 nostrils22 through which the'draft current tain'combustion in my producer consistsof after it enters the producer. In producers of the ordinary type this tarry matter being distilled from the coal in the immediate vicinity of the gas outlet from the producer is immediately drawn off from the'producer in the gas current. When the gas made is burned in a boiler furnace, lime kiln or cement' kiln; etc., the presence of the tarry vaporsis of no serious moment although even in this case great annoyance is usually caused by the deposit ofcarbon and-pitch in the Hues. When, however, the gas is to be used ingas engines the removal of this tarry matter is an imperative necessity. This entails the'use of more or less cumbersome and expensive apparatus, and always occasions serious irre ularities' and annoyances in the operation 0 the gas engines'and producers. As will be seen, in the .gas producer which is the-subject of this application, I-avoid the presence of tar and heavy vapors in the gas by rovidingimeans for withdrawing the distllled'm'atters" independently of the producergas and'injecting them into the bottom of the 'gasifying chamber where they are subjected to a sufficiently high temperature to crack them. In fact, while this is not an object of my invention, it is probable that the tarry va ors are consumed in "passing throughthe ues 4 in the draft current, but since the products of such c'ornbustion will be reduced byv the incandescent carboneceous matter resting on the tops of fiues 4, the ultimate products from the tarry vapors will still be the combustible hydrogen and carbon monoxid. Owing to t-he'factthat the draft current contains a large proportion of combustion gases and that the proportion of distilled vapors is comparatively small the temperature developed within the fiucs 4-,

would be quite moderate since the velocity of combustion would be very low and there would be a very large proportionate volume.

of inert gas to absorb the heat developed. The purpose of adding combustion gas to the draft current is to regulate and moderate the temperature developed in the producer to a point below the sintering tem- The slack coal is charged into the hopper each groove over the cooperating charging slot the slack discharges ,from the grooves and falls through the charging slots 27, on to the shelves formed by the upper tier of cross-flues 4.

angle of repose it slides off and falls through the open spaces between the fines onto the tops of the next tier of flues. From this As the slack accumulates on the shelf-tops of 4 and piles up above its position it is displaced, as before, andfalls onto the tops of the next tier and so on to the bottom. The draft current introduced through the nostrils 22, passes up the chamber through the showercf falling coal and over the layers of coal on the. shelves, its free oxygen uniting with e carbon-of the fuel, while its water vapors and carbon dioxid are dissociated with thefo'rmation-of carbon ITIOIlO-Xld, and hydrogen and carbon inonoxid, respectively. The producer gas leaves the gasifying chamber 1 through the ports 35 and enters the flue 36; This flue, 36, acts as a crOssconne'ctiO-n of all the fiues 4* which are in the tier immediately above the discharge ports 35. ,The producer gas discharging through 35, heretofore, passes into that tier of the dues 4*" and flows across the chamber'l and into th-ecross-fiue- 37in the opposite wall of' the} chamber 1. 1 37 cross-connects the discharge ends of this tier of fines 4 and also the correspondingends of the fines 4 .of the tier next above; The

producer gas thus flows from the lowest tier of flues 4 to the next tier above, passing therethrough in the-reverse direction to the side of the producer on which the ports 35 are located, thence to the other side of the producer through the fines 4 on the tier next above and so on until it enters the cross flue 38, from which'it discharges throughthe elf-take 39. A valve 40, on 39, serves to shut off the discharge of gas whenever neces-' saryye. 9. when banking "the producer.

The 'hot gas passing through tl'1e' flues t gives up part ofv its s ensible heat to the flue walls from which lit is transmitted-to the" slackco-al resting upon the flues. Heat also reaches the coal by radiation from-the hot gasifying regionof theproduoer and from the hot walls; It is possible also to draw a portion of the hot producer gas from the gasifying zone up through the carbonizing hone, assisting in the heating of the coal, down through the pipe 13 and iniector 5 o the bottom of the producer. Vdhen the v voietile ln'iatter in the coal is than can be distilled by the heat tted fromthe fines 4?, this method of it is be understood that I do not limit myself to the number of lines shown. The liP-l'flliFitK oi fines and dimensions of the procer should, of course, be determined by tho estimated capacity of the producer and the quality of the fuel to be used in the producer. For coke or anthracite, for instan e, the carbonizing zone may be rest icted shown in the drawings. For a l-iuturninous coal, on the other hand, a much larger (higher) carbonizing zone should be provided.

l rcssure gages simple U tubes as shown el and 42, indicate the pressures in chamber ,1 at the level of the producer gas a; 2i ;l,istillation gas otl'--takes, respectively.

blower, 43, serves to supply the comed air or cou'ibustion gases to the noz- Poke-holes 44, having covers, 45, provided with seating springs, 46, provide access to the interior of thevproducer for the purpose of observation 'or cleaning the shelves, efietc. v In cases where the combustion gases used contain a large proportion of free 0 and the injector cannot draw in a sufficient proportion of It when using air in the nozale, the combustion gases may be compressed instead of the air and used as the inductive blast through the nozzle 6.

In the ordinary method of operating my producer I aim to withdraw through 14,-

only the gases which are evolved in the carbonizing zone. This end is brought about with substantial accuracy when the gages 41 and 42 indicate the same pressure. The pressures at the respective levels can be regulated by the adjustment of valves 15, 16 and 19, and the pressure of the blast supplied to nozzle 6, when the pressure in the discharge conduit 39, is constant. Should the fuel used contain more volatile matter than the producer was designed to drive ofii from the coal it may be advisable, before mentioned, to circulate a portion of the finished producer gas through the carbonizing zone to aid in the cerbonization. of the coal In this case the inductive efi'ect'on. pipe 13 is increased by the appropriate means until the gage 42, snows a slightly lower" pressure (higher partial vacuum) than gage 41. This causes the diversion of part of the gas which would otherwise discharge through ports 35, into the carbonizing zone.

As hereinbeiore stated, this producer is designed for the gasification of slack bituminous coal, (to-kc, etc, or anthracite culm. It is obvious, however, that by crushing the coal I may use run of mine or any size, of coal whatever.

Having described my invention, what I claim is 1. In a gas producer the combination of a gasifying chamber, a pliu'ulity of cross dues in the upper part of said chamber above the passages for withdrawingproducer gas from said chamber, means for continuously feeding coal onto said pluralityof crrssfiues in the upper part of said chamber uniformly along the lengththereof, the tops of said flues being adapted to form shelves, said flues being arranged in tiers, the lines of adjacent tiers being arranged instaggered relation to each other so that the tops of the fines of the lower of two adjacent tiers intercept the material falling from the fines of the upper tier, fiues in the walls of? said gasifying chamber, connecting the fines of one tier at one end with the fiues of the tier aboveand at the other end with the fines of the tier below, a fiue in one of said lateral walls connecting the discharge ends of the fines in the lowermost tier, and a plurality of passages for the withdrawal of producer gas connecting said flue with the said gasifying chamber.

2. In a gas producer the combination of a gasifying chamber, a plurality of crossfiues in the upper part of said chamber, said cross-fines being located above passages for Withdrawingproducer gas from said chamber, the tops of said fines being adapted to form shelves, said flues being arranged 1n tiers the fines of adjacent tiers being arranged in staggered relation to each other so that the tops of the fines of the lower of two adjacent tiers intercept the material falling from the fines oft-he upper tier,

means for continuously feedingcoal onto each of the lines in the upper tier of said plurality of cross-fines, fines in the walls of said gasifying chamber, fines of one tier atone end'with the fines .of the tier above and at the other with the fiues oi the tier below, a flue in one of said for the withdrawal of gas connecting the said flue with the said gasifying-chamber, a

draft-producing means connected with the connecting the i lower part of said gasifying chamber,- said draft-producing means having connections to the upper part of said chamber. to a source of roducts of combustion, and'to the atmosphera-and a. means for withdrawing from said gasifyin'g chamber the ash formed therein. v,

3. In a gas-producer the combination of a gasifyiiig chamber, a plurality of crossfiues in the upper part of said chamber the tops of said flues being adapted to form shelves, said tlues being arranged in tiers, the fines of adjacent tiers being arranged in staggered relation to each other so that the tops of the hues of the lower of two adjacent tiers intercept the material falling from the fines of the upper tier, flues in the walls of said gasifying chamber connecting the fines of one tier, at one end with the flues of the tier above and at the other end with the fines of the tier below, a flue in one of said lateral walls cross-connecting the discharge ends of'the fiues in-t'he uppermost tier, a gas oil-take communicating with said flue, a fine cross-connecting the inlet. ends of the fines in-the lowermost tier, a plurality of gas oft-takes connecting said cross-connection with said gasifying chamber, a plurality of shelves in said gasifying chamber below said plurality of passages said shelves being set in staggered relation to each other and being substantially parallel to the plurality of cross-fines in the upper part of said gasifying chamber, and a draft-producing means connected with the lower part of said gasifying chamber, said draft-producing means having connections to the upper part of said gasifying ,chamber, to a source of products of combustion, and to the atmosphere.

4.; In a gas producer the combination of an inclosed gasifying. chamber, means for fee: ing coal to the upper. part of said cham 'ber, a plurality of cross-fines in the upper part ofsaid chamber, the tops of said fines being adapted .to form shelves, said flues being arranged in tiers, the fines of adjacent tiers being arranged in staggered relation to each other so that the tops of the flues'of the lower of two adjacent. tiers intercept the material falling from the fines of the upper tier, fines in'the walls ofsaid gasifying cha-niher' connecting the lines of one tier at one end with the flues of the tier above and at the other end with the fines of the tier below, a flue in one oi" said lateral walls crosscon'necting the discharge ends-of theflues in the uppermosttier, a gas oil-take com niiinicatingwitli said flue, a flue cross-connecting 'the inlet ends of the tines in the lowermost tier, a pluralityof shelves in said gasifying cliamb'erbelow said plurality of passages, said shelves being set in staggered relation to each other and being substantially parallel to the plurality of cross-fines in he upper part of said gasifyingchamv her 3 plurality of cross fines in the lower part of said gasifying chamber, the tops of said fines being adapted to form shelves, said flues being arranged in tiers, the fines of adjacent tiers being arranged in staggered relation to each other so that the tops of the fines of the lower of two adjacent tiers intercept the material falling from the fines of the upper tier, flues in said lateral walls, each of said flues being in communication with said plurality of cross-fines, one of said fiues being in communication with the discharge passage of a draft-producing means, a plurality of passages connecting the other of said flues wit-h the gas-producing chamber in the lower-part thereof, and a draft-producing means for introducing the combustion supporting draft current into said gas producer, a passage connecting the inlet passage of said draft-producing means with the upper part of said gasifying chamber, a passage connecting the inlet passage with a source of products of combustion, means for indicating the pressure in the gasifying chamber at the level of said gas off-takes and means for indicating the pressure atthe top of said chamber."

5. In a gas producer the combination of a gasifying chamber, means for feeding coal to the upper part of said chamber, a plu- ,rality of staggered shelves set substantially horizontally in said chamber, adapted to retard the fallof said coal through the stiid chamber, poke-holes in the end walls of said chamber adapted to permitthe insertion of tools to remove accumulated matter from shelves, a draft-producing means having its discharge passage'connected with the lower .part of said chamber, av passage'connectiug the inlet passage of said draft'- producing means with the upper part ofsaid gasifying chamber, a valve on said passage, a passage connecting said inlet passage with a source of products of combustion, a valve in said passage and an air-damper in said passage, means'for withdrawing-from said chamber the gas formed therein and mean for withdrawing the ash from said. chamber.

(3. In'a gas generator, in combination, a coal carl ionizing chamber occupying the upper part of said gas generator, a plurality of cross-hues located in said carboniziiig chamber but not in direct communication with said chamber, the said cross-Hues being arranged in tiers, passages connecting the fiuesof the lcwerniost'of said tiers with the said carboiiizin'g chamber, passages connecting the tines ofreach tier of said cross-fines with the next adjacent tier, above, and a gas otl'-tal e passage communicating with the fines of the uppermost of said tiers.

7. In a gas generator, in combination. a coal carbonizing chamber occupying the upper part of said gas generator, a plurality of cross-fines located insaid carbonizing adapted to chaml'ier but not in direct 'communication with said chamber, said crossflues being adapted to form shelves for intercepting and sustaining fuel and being arranged in tiers. passages connecting the corresponding ends of the liues in the lowermost of said tiers with the said carbonizing chamber, passages connectim the other ends of the said lines in. the hiii'crn'iost ticr with the next higher tier, passages connecting these i generating chamber cross-connecting the latter with the tlues ot' the tier above, and so on, and a oil-take passage in commu' nication with the flues of the uppermost of said tiers.

8. In a gas producer, the combination of a gas generating chamber, an oft-take or drawing oil the finished producer gas from said gas-generating chamber, said gas oil'- take being, located in approximately the upper third of said gas-generating chamber, a plurality of lines forming a plurality of returirbend passages for the passage of the said finished producer gas through the upper third of said gas-generating chamber, the said tines being setin tiers. the fines of each tier being in staggered relation to the tines ot' the adjacent tiers, the tops of the said lines being adapted to support the freshly charged coal for said gas producer, whereby the said coal is subjected to distillation by the heat of the finished producer gas, a flue connecting the discharge ends of the fines of the uppermost of said tiers, and a producer gas eduction passage opening out of the said connecting lines.

9. in a gas producer, the combination. of a gas I iterating chamber, a plurality of oti take passages for drawing off the finished producer gas from said gasgenerating chamber, said gas off-takes being located in approximately the upper-third of said gasgenerating chamber, a plurality of flues forming a. plurality of return-bend passages for the passage of the said finished producer "as through the upper third of said gasgenerating chamber, the said fiues being set in tiers, the fines of each tier being in staggered relation to the fines of the adjacent tiers, and the tops of the said flues being adapted to support the freshly charged fuel in said gas producer, whereby the said coal is subjected to distillation by the heat of the finished producer gas, a plurality of means for charging fuel, one of said fuelcha-rging means cooperating with each of the fines of the uppermostof said tiers and distribute the said fuel uniformly alongthe length of said flues, a flue crossconneeting the discharge ends of the fines of the' uppermostof said-tiers, and a producer-gas eduction passage opening out of the said connecting flue.

10. In a. gas producer, the combination of a gas-generating chamber, a plurality of oiltake passages for drawing off the finished above the middle of said gasgenerating chamber, a plurality of approximately fiattopped transverse lines in the upper part of said chamber, the said transverse fines being arranged in tiers, the tines of adjacent tires being set in staggered relation to each other, a cross flue in the Wal s of said gassaid gas oit tal e passages and the lines of the lower of said tiers, a cross-flue in the op 'iosite wall of said chamber cross-connecting the opposite ends of the fines of said lower tier and the corresptunling ends of the dues of the next tier above, and similar crosstlues in the said walls of said chamber connecting the fines of each of the other tiers at one end with the lines of the underlying tier and at the other end with t1 lines of the overlying tire, a flue cross-connecting the discharge ends of the [lites of the said upper tier, and an eduction passage for producer gas opening out of the latter of said cross-Hues, whereby the hot producer gas from the middle zone of thesaid gasgenerating chamber is led through the upper part of said chamber and caused to give up part of its heat to the fresh coal charged into said chamber, a coal-chargiiig means cotipcrating with each flue of the uppermost of said tiers and adapted to charge coal uniformly along the length of the fine, and means for injecting into the lower zone of said chamber the products distilled from the fresh char e in the trim-r art of said th 11 4 chamber.

11. In a gas producer, a gas-generating chamber, takes for the gas generated in said chamber, said gas oft-takes being located above the middle of said gas-generating chamber, a plurality of transverse flues inthe upper part of said gasgenerating chamber for conducting the gas withdrawn through said gas off-takes through the upper part of said chamber,

the combination of said transverse fiues forming shelves for supporting the fuel freshly charged into said gas-generating chamber, wher by the said freshly-charged fuel is subjected to destructive distillation by the heat transmitted to said fuel from said gas throu h the tops of said flue s, a plurality of she ves in the middle portion of said gasgenerating chamber, said shelves being set in staggered relation to each other and adapted to support the fuel after the same has passedthrough the said distilling region, and a plurality of transverse coaling flues below said plurality of shelves, the said coaling flues being adapted to form shelves for supportingthe fuel and ash discharged 'frorhthe said middle portion of said gasa plurality of offgenerating chamber, and conduits for the Signed at New York city in the county of entering combustion-supporting draft cur- New York and-State of New York this 23rd rent, whereby the relatlvely cool draft curday of December A. D. 1909. rent protects the said fiues from the heat of HENRYL. DOHERTY. 5 the combustion taking place in the said Witnesses:

lower portion of said gas-generating cha-m- W. J. QUENTIN, ber. e W. G. BERRYMAN.

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