US8083837B2 - Biological process for purifying air in confined rooms and apparatus thereof - Google Patents

Biological process for purifying air in confined rooms and apparatus thereof Download PDF

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Publication number
US8083837B2
US8083837B2 US12/092,824 US9282406A US8083837B2 US 8083837 B2 US8083837 B2 US 8083837B2 US 9282406 A US9282406 A US 9282406A US 8083837 B2 US8083837 B2 US 8083837B2
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United States
Prior art keywords
air
water
tank
contact
designed
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Expired - Fee Related, expires
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US12/092,824
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US20090064858A1 (en
Inventor
Uranio Mazzanti
Paolo De Filippis
Marco Scarsella
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Ingegneria Ambientale Srl
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Assigned to INGEGNERIA AMBIENTALE SRL reassignment INGEGNERIA AMBIENTALE SRL ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: DE FILIPPIS, PAOLO, MAZZANTI, URANIO, SCARSELLA, MARCO
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Assigned to URANIO, MAZZANTI reassignment URANIO, MAZZANTI ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: INGEGNERIA AMBIENTALE SRL
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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
    • B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
    • B01D53/74—General processes for purification of waste gases; Apparatus or devices specially adapted therefor
    • B01D53/84—Biological processes
    • B01D53/85—Biological processes with gas-solid contact
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
    • F24F8/00—Treatment, e.g. purification, of air supplied to human living or working spaces otherwise than by heating, cooling, humidifying or drying
    • F24F8/10—Treatment, e.g. purification, of air supplied to human living or working spaces otherwise than by heating, cooling, humidifying or drying by separation, e.g. by filtering
    • F24F8/117—Treatment, e.g. purification, of air supplied to human living or working spaces otherwise than by heating, cooling, humidifying or drying by separation, e.g. by filtering using wet filtering
    • F24F8/142—Treatment of used liquid, e.g. cleaning for recycling
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
    • F24F8/00—Treatment, e.g. purification, of air supplied to human living or working spaces otherwise than by heating, cooling, humidifying or drying
    • F24F8/20—Treatment, e.g. purification, of air supplied to human living or working spaces otherwise than by heating, cooling, humidifying or drying by sterilisation
    • F24F8/22—Treatment, e.g. purification, of air supplied to human living or working spaces otherwise than by heating, cooling, humidifying or drying by sterilisation using UV light
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
    • F24F8/00—Treatment, e.g. purification, of air supplied to human living or working spaces otherwise than by heating, cooling, humidifying or drying
    • F24F8/20—Treatment, e.g. purification, of air supplied to human living or working spaces otherwise than by heating, cooling, humidifying or drying by sterilisation
    • F24F8/24—Treatment, e.g. purification, of air supplied to human living or working spaces otherwise than by heating, cooling, humidifying or drying by sterilisation using sterilising media
    • F24F8/26—Treatment, e.g. purification, of air supplied to human living or working spaces otherwise than by heating, cooling, humidifying or drying by sterilisation using sterilising media using ozone
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
    • F24F6/00—Air-humidification, e.g. cooling by humidification
    • F24F2006/005—Air-humidification, e.g. cooling by humidification using plants
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
    • F24F8/00—Treatment, e.g. purification, of air supplied to human living or working spaces otherwise than by heating, cooling, humidifying or drying
    • F24F8/10—Treatment, e.g. purification, of air supplied to human living or working spaces otherwise than by heating, cooling, humidifying or drying by separation, e.g. by filtering
    • F24F8/175—Treatment, e.g. purification, of air supplied to human living or working spaces otherwise than by heating, cooling, humidifying or drying by separation, e.g. by filtering using biological materials, plants or microorganisms
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A50/00—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE in human health protection, e.g. against extreme weather
    • Y02A50/20—Air quality improvement or preservation, e.g. vehicle emission control or emission reduction by using catalytic converters

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the purification of air in a closed environment from the pollution to which said environment is exposed (“indoor pollution”) by filtration, and in particular refers to an apparatus that depurates said air biologically from the substances that pollute it.
  • said apparatus comprises a water tank that is equipped with a biological community that has the task of absorbing and metabolizing said pollutant substances and means of water-air contact that guarantee the transfer of said pollutant substances present in the air into the tank itself.
  • the effectiveness of the apparatus is based upon the transfer of the pollutant substances from the air present in the domestic or working environment to the water contained in the tank and on the natural filtering capacity of the biological community present in the tank itself. Said biological community constitutes in effect a true biological filter.
  • the substances that pollute a closed environment are emitted by sources both external thereto (i.e., structural sources or sources that regard the occupants) and internal thereto (insulating materials, materials of construction, coatings, glues, adhesives, paints, etc.).
  • a first known solution consists in intervening by means of ventilation, through the introduction of external air (in the case of limited and distributed sources).
  • a second known solution envisages localized forms of extraction (in the case of extremely large and delimited sources).
  • said solutions are capable of limiting the concentrations of pollutants below the safety thresholds, a disadvantage is represented precisely by the difficulty of their application in domestic or working environments.
  • the main purpose of the present invention to overcome the above disadvantages by providing a method and an apparatus for biological treatment of the air of closed environments, such as, for example, domestic and/or working environments, in order to reduce considerably indoor pollution or eliminate it altogether.
  • the above is obtained through a water tank that is equipped with active biological elements or active biomasses, which are designed to absorb and metabolize the main substances responsible for indoor pollution, and means of water-air contact, which ensure an efficient transfer of said substances from the air to the water.
  • Said contact means in turn comprise a cover for the aforesaid tank, said cover being equipped with means that determine inlet into the tank of the polluted air coming from the closed environment, means that enable the filtered air to be released into the environment itself, and means for illumination of the tank.
  • means are provided for increasing the turbulence of the air in the tank and contributing to the movement of the water.
  • insertion may be envisaged of at least one ozonizer for supplying ozone both to the flow of incoming air (air to be purified) and to the flow of outgoing air (air filtered by contact with the water).
  • said ozonizer performs the dual function of destroying the bacterial charge possibly present in the air reintroduced into the environment and, either alone or in presence of an oxidation catalyst, of ensuring a higher transfer in aqueous phase of the organic pollutants through partial oxidation thereof.
  • the ozone introduced into the flow of incoming air “breaks down” the complex molecules of the pollutants present in the air itself.
  • ozone-abater device of a known type.
  • ozone abater could be a carbon filter.
  • the active biomasses can be represented, for example, by aquatic plants, preferably with fast development, by algae, and by the bacterial colonies that are contained in the substrate and/or that spontaneously install themselves in biological and wet-filtering systems.
  • FIG. 1 is a perspective view of the invention
  • FIG. 2 is a cross section of the invention
  • FIG. 3 shows a diagram regarding the filtering capacity of the invention in certain conditions.
  • the invention envisages a water tank V, which contains a multiplicity of active biomasses B, designed to absorb and metabolize the pollutant substances contained in the water and coming from the air of a closed environment, and means of water-air contact, designed to transfer said substances from the air of the closed environment to the water of the tank V itself.
  • a purposely designed substrate S for supporting said active biomasses B is provided on the bottom of the tank V.
  • the means of water-air contact comprise a cover C for the tank V, which is equipped with means that determine passage of air from the closed environment to the tank or vice versa, with means that suck in the air from the tank to release it into said environment or vice versa, and with lighting means.
  • the means that enable the air of the closed environment to enter the tank V are constituted by a grid 1 , whilst the aspiration means, constituted, for example, by at least one ducted fan 2 , release the air purified by the biomasses of the tank V into the closed environment.
  • the lighting means are constituted by a lamp 3 , preferably suitable for favouring growth and development of the biomasses B.
  • means are provided for increasing the turbulence of the air in the tank V and hence move the water.
  • Said means are constituted by one or more deflectors 4 .
  • said disks 5 prefferably be made of a porous polymeric material so as to constitute also a substrate suitable for installation of further active biomass.
  • the means of water-air contact can also be provided by means of a contact column equipped with an aerator or ejector with Venturi effect, or else by means of a system for forced movement of the air in a direction tangential to the water surface by means of fans positioned on the cover C of the tank V.
  • the tank V is preferably made of glass or crystal glass, or of a non-toxic transparent plastic material.
  • the dimensions of the tank V depend upon the amount of air that it is desired to purify and hence upon the volume of the premises in which it is located.
  • the substrate S is preferably mineral and of a non-calcareous nature and has a grain size comprised between 0.02 cm and 1 cm.
  • the substrate can also be made of organic and/or inorganic material, and possibly appropriately activated.
  • a germicidal lamp may be provided, set in the proximity of the fan 2 already described.
  • the process for purifying the air of a confined environment from pollutant substances responsible for indoor pollution basically comprises the following steps:
  • the apparatus purifies the air of confined environments to an appreciable extent, at the same time ensuring an optimal humidification of the environment itself.
  • a second advantage is represented by the fact that the apparatus requires a low power consumption.
  • a fourth advantage is represented by the fact that the apparatus does not require much maintenance, and does not entail a high cost.
  • a further advantage is represented by the aesthetic appearance of the solution according to the invention, which can resemble that of an aquarium.
  • VOCs volatile organic compounds

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Biomedical Technology (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Molecular Biology (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Microbiology (AREA)
  • Disinfection, Sterilisation Or Deodorisation Of Air (AREA)
  • Gas Separation By Absorption (AREA)
  • Treating Waste Gases (AREA)
  • Physical Water Treatments (AREA)
  • Sampling And Sample Adjustment (AREA)
  • External Artificial Organs (AREA)
US12/092,824 2005-11-07 2006-11-03 Biological process for purifying air in confined rooms and apparatus thereof Expired - Fee Related US8083837B2 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
ITRM2005A000552 2005-11-07
IT000552A ITRM20050552A1 (it) 2005-11-07 2005-11-07 Processo biologico per depurare l'aria in ambienti confinati e relativo apparato.
ITRM2005A0552 2005-11-07
PCT/IT2006/000767 WO2007052323A1 (en) 2005-11-07 2006-11-03 Biological process for purifying air in confined rooms and apparatus thereof

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
US20090064858A1 US20090064858A1 (en) 2009-03-12
US8083837B2 true US8083837B2 (en) 2011-12-27

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US12/092,824 Expired - Fee Related US8083837B2 (en) 2005-11-07 2006-11-03 Biological process for purifying air in confined rooms and apparatus thereof

Country Status (6)

Country Link
US (1) US8083837B2 (de)
EP (1) EP1946011B1 (de)
CN (1) CN101360955B (de)
AT (1) ATE512338T1 (de)
IT (1) ITRM20050552A1 (de)
WO (1) WO2007052323A1 (de)

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US10969125B2 (en) 2017-12-22 2021-04-06 Clean Air Zone Inc. Air purification system
US11946792B2 (en) 2021-06-28 2024-04-02 Clean Air Zone Inc. Level sensor
US12134071B2 (en) 2017-12-22 2024-11-05 Awe Solutions Inc. Air purifying machine and process
US12134072B2 (en) 2017-12-22 2024-11-05 Clean Air Zone Inc. Air purifying machine and process

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CN101394289B (zh) 2007-09-18 2011-05-11 中兴通讯股份有限公司 用于超移动宽带接入网的计费方法
CA2702283A1 (en) * 2007-10-10 2009-04-16 Labogroup S.A.S. Biological air filter
US9010019B2 (en) * 2010-03-16 2015-04-21 Marc A. Mittelmark Plant air purification enclosure apparatus and method
GB201304996D0 (en) * 2013-03-19 2013-05-01 Nedlaw Living Walls Inc In-room hydroponic air cleansing unit
TWM481375U (zh) * 2014-02-19 2014-07-01 zhen-xin Lin 空氣清淨裝置
CN104477742A (zh) * 2014-12-10 2015-04-01 浙江西沃电梯有限公司 一种具有净化空气和供氧功能的电梯轿厢
CA3093782A1 (en) * 2018-04-06 2019-10-10 U-Earth Biotech Ltd Biological systems and methods for air purification
US12055318B2 (en) 2020-11-12 2024-08-06 Bernard Denson Overhead air filtration system

Citations (30)

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US3072978A (en) * 1959-03-17 1963-01-15 Modern Aids Inc Air purifier
US3644914A (en) * 1969-11-21 1972-02-22 James J Veasaw Sludge indicator for septic tanks
US4662900A (en) * 1983-08-31 1987-05-05 Clair Tech B.V. Method for biological treatment of waste gases
US4781732A (en) * 1985-10-24 1988-11-01 Isover Saint-Gobain Method for cleaning crude gas and apparatus therefore
US4999302A (en) * 1984-05-30 1991-03-12 Kahler Brett D Biological contact gas scrubber for waste gas purification
US5045215A (en) * 1987-07-13 1991-09-03 North East Environmental Products, Inc. Removing hazardous contaminants from water
US5089036A (en) * 1990-09-24 1992-02-18 Space Biospheres Venture Air scrubber for organic solvent removal
US5137828A (en) * 1986-03-19 1992-08-11 Biotechna Limited Biomass production apparatus
US5232676A (en) * 1990-08-10 1993-08-03 Bayer Aktiengesellschaft Process for the biological purification of waste air streams
JPH05261239A (ja) * 1992-03-19 1993-10-12 Seiko Kakoki Kk 環境汚染物質浄化方法および浄化システム
NL1001236C1 (en) 1995-09-19 1995-10-27 Coumans Conrardus Jacobus Peter Novel integrated air washer for agricultural applications
WO1996013970A1 (en) * 1994-11-08 1996-05-17 Ecological Systems, Inc. Algal turf water purification method
US5541056A (en) * 1989-10-10 1996-07-30 Aquasearch, Inc. Method of control of microorganism growth process
US5601786A (en) * 1994-06-02 1997-02-11 Monagan; Gerald C. Air purifier
DE19827673A1 (de) 1998-06-22 1999-02-25 Juergen Zoeller Biologischer Luftreiniger
US5985649A (en) * 1997-04-28 1999-11-16 H. David Stensel Device and method for removal of gas contaminates through a shallow sparged bioreactor
US6013512A (en) * 1996-11-06 2000-01-11 Turschmid; Krzysztof H. Method for scrubbing gaseous emissions using bacteria
US6294373B1 (en) * 1999-06-08 2001-09-25 Mansanto Europe S.A. Method for biological cleaning of a contaminated gas flow
JP2002000709A (ja) 2000-04-21 2002-01-08 Denso Corp 空気清浄装置
US6402816B1 (en) * 1997-10-08 2002-06-11 Gordon S. Trivett Gas scrubber
WO2003059037A2 (en) 2002-01-17 2003-07-24 Vertigro Israel Ltd. A method and apparatus for improving the quality of indoor air
US6610528B1 (en) * 1997-08-26 2003-08-26 Diversa Corporation Microbial enrichment using a container having a plurality of solid support particles
EP1416229A2 (de) 2002-10-30 2004-05-06 University Of Guelph System auf pflanzlicher Basis zur Beseitigung von gasförmiger Ammoniak-Verunreinigung
US6843835B2 (en) * 2001-03-27 2005-01-18 The Procter & Gamble Company Air cleaning apparatus and method for cleaning air
EP1500883A2 (de) 2003-07-22 2005-01-26 H & W Bewässerungs GmbH Vorrichtung und Verfahren zur Klimatisierung von Innenräumen
US6884347B1 (en) * 2001-04-30 2005-04-26 Kriegco Wastewater Systems, Inc. Wastewater treatment system
US6942799B2 (en) * 2000-09-15 2005-09-13 Shell Oil Company Bioreactor
US7189281B2 (en) * 2004-08-04 2007-03-13 The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Army Method and system for treating contaminants and odors in airborne emissions
US7270947B2 (en) * 2003-01-14 2007-09-18 Cognis Corporation Method for controlling biooxidation reactions
US20100176053A1 (en) * 2007-03-29 2010-07-15 University Of Utah Research Foundation Materials for removing contaminants from fluids using supports with biologically-derived functionalized groups and methods of forming and using the same

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Patent Citations (30)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3072978A (en) * 1959-03-17 1963-01-15 Modern Aids Inc Air purifier
US3644914A (en) * 1969-11-21 1972-02-22 James J Veasaw Sludge indicator for septic tanks
US4662900A (en) * 1983-08-31 1987-05-05 Clair Tech B.V. Method for biological treatment of waste gases
US4999302A (en) * 1984-05-30 1991-03-12 Kahler Brett D Biological contact gas scrubber for waste gas purification
US4781732A (en) * 1985-10-24 1988-11-01 Isover Saint-Gobain Method for cleaning crude gas and apparatus therefore
US5137828A (en) * 1986-03-19 1992-08-11 Biotechna Limited Biomass production apparatus
US5045215A (en) * 1987-07-13 1991-09-03 North East Environmental Products, Inc. Removing hazardous contaminants from water
US5541056A (en) * 1989-10-10 1996-07-30 Aquasearch, Inc. Method of control of microorganism growth process
US5232676A (en) * 1990-08-10 1993-08-03 Bayer Aktiengesellschaft Process for the biological purification of waste air streams
US5089036A (en) * 1990-09-24 1992-02-18 Space Biospheres Venture Air scrubber for organic solvent removal
JPH05261239A (ja) * 1992-03-19 1993-10-12 Seiko Kakoki Kk 環境汚染物質浄化方法および浄化システム
US5601786A (en) * 1994-06-02 1997-02-11 Monagan; Gerald C. Air purifier
WO1996013970A1 (en) * 1994-11-08 1996-05-17 Ecological Systems, Inc. Algal turf water purification method
NL1001236C1 (en) 1995-09-19 1995-10-27 Coumans Conrardus Jacobus Peter Novel integrated air washer for agricultural applications
US6013512A (en) * 1996-11-06 2000-01-11 Turschmid; Krzysztof H. Method for scrubbing gaseous emissions using bacteria
US5985649A (en) * 1997-04-28 1999-11-16 H. David Stensel Device and method for removal of gas contaminates through a shallow sparged bioreactor
US6610528B1 (en) * 1997-08-26 2003-08-26 Diversa Corporation Microbial enrichment using a container having a plurality of solid support particles
US6402816B1 (en) * 1997-10-08 2002-06-11 Gordon S. Trivett Gas scrubber
DE19827673A1 (de) 1998-06-22 1999-02-25 Juergen Zoeller Biologischer Luftreiniger
US6294373B1 (en) * 1999-06-08 2001-09-25 Mansanto Europe S.A. Method for biological cleaning of a contaminated gas flow
JP2002000709A (ja) 2000-04-21 2002-01-08 Denso Corp 空気清浄装置
US6942799B2 (en) * 2000-09-15 2005-09-13 Shell Oil Company Bioreactor
US6843835B2 (en) * 2001-03-27 2005-01-18 The Procter & Gamble Company Air cleaning apparatus and method for cleaning air
US6884347B1 (en) * 2001-04-30 2005-04-26 Kriegco Wastewater Systems, Inc. Wastewater treatment system
WO2003059037A2 (en) 2002-01-17 2003-07-24 Vertigro Israel Ltd. A method and apparatus for improving the quality of indoor air
EP1416229A2 (de) 2002-10-30 2004-05-06 University Of Guelph System auf pflanzlicher Basis zur Beseitigung von gasförmiger Ammoniak-Verunreinigung
US7270947B2 (en) * 2003-01-14 2007-09-18 Cognis Corporation Method for controlling biooxidation reactions
EP1500883A2 (de) 2003-07-22 2005-01-26 H & W Bewässerungs GmbH Vorrichtung und Verfahren zur Klimatisierung von Innenräumen
US7189281B2 (en) * 2004-08-04 2007-03-13 The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Army Method and system for treating contaminants and odors in airborne emissions
US20100176053A1 (en) * 2007-03-29 2010-07-15 University Of Utah Research Foundation Materials for removing contaminants from fluids using supports with biologically-derived functionalized groups and methods of forming and using the same

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US10969125B2 (en) 2017-12-22 2021-04-06 Clean Air Zone Inc. Air purification system
US12134071B2 (en) 2017-12-22 2024-11-05 Awe Solutions Inc. Air purifying machine and process
US12134072B2 (en) 2017-12-22 2024-11-05 Clean Air Zone Inc. Air purifying machine and process
US11946792B2 (en) 2021-06-28 2024-04-02 Clean Air Zone Inc. Level sensor

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
ITRM20050552A1 (it) 2007-05-08
EP1946011B1 (de) 2011-06-08
EP1946011A1 (de) 2008-07-23
ATE512338T1 (de) 2011-06-15
WO2007052323A1 (en) 2007-05-10
CN101360955B (zh) 2011-04-20
CN101360955A (zh) 2009-02-04
US20090064858A1 (en) 2009-03-12

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