US8073071B2 - Hybrid automatic repeat requests coding in MIMO networks - Google Patents

Hybrid automatic repeat requests coding in MIMO networks Download PDF

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Publication number
US8073071B2
US8073071B2 US12/239,491 US23949108A US8073071B2 US 8073071 B2 US8073071 B2 US 8073071B2 US 23949108 A US23949108 A US 23949108A US 8073071 B2 US8073071 B2 US 8073071B2
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block
symbols
code
receiver
antennas
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US20090180568A1 (en
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Philip V. Orlik
Wataru Matsumoto
Andreas F. Molisch
Zhifeng Tao
Jinyun Zhang
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Mitsubishi Electric Research Laboratories Inc
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Mitsubishi Electric Research Laboratories Inc
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Priority to KR1020107018118A priority patent/KR101158206B1/ko
Priority to AT09701823T priority patent/ATE551790T1/de
Priority to EP09701823A priority patent/EP2232756B1/fr
Priority to JP2010525954A priority patent/JP5143233B2/ja
Priority to CN2009801022274A priority patent/CN101933279B/zh
Priority to PCT/JP2009/050501 priority patent/WO2009091010A2/fr
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L1/00—Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received
    • H04L1/02—Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received by diversity reception
    • H04L1/06—Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received by diversity reception using space diversity
    • H04L1/0606—Space-frequency coding
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L1/00—Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received
    • H04L1/02—Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received by diversity reception
    • H04L1/06—Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received by diversity reception using space diversity
    • H04L1/0618—Space-time coding
    • H04L1/0637—Properties of the code
    • H04L1/0662—Limited orthogonality systems
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L1/00—Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received
    • H04L1/12—Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received by using return channel
    • H04L1/16—Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received by using return channel in which the return channel carries supervisory signals, e.g. repetition request signals
    • H04L1/18—Automatic repetition systems, e.g. Van Duuren systems
    • H04L1/1812—Hybrid protocols; Hybrid automatic repeat request [HARQ]
    • H04L1/1816—Hybrid protocols; Hybrid automatic repeat request [HARQ] with retransmission of the same, encoded, message

Definitions

  • This invention relates generally to the field of wireless communications, and more particularly to retransmitting data using hybrid automatic repeat requests (HARQ) in multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) networks.
  • HARQ hybrid automatic repeat requests
  • MIMO multiple-input multiple-output
  • MIMO multiple-input multiple-output
  • WiMAX Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access
  • 3GPP 3rd Generation Partnership Project
  • MIMO networks increase capacity by transmitting and receiving symbols using multiple antennas concurrently with a technique usually termed spatial multiplexing (SM).
  • SM spatial multiplexing
  • a MIMO receiver can use advanced signal processing and properties of the channel to detect and decode the symbols.
  • the MIMO network can transmit copies of the symbols from multiple antennas in a technique usually called space time coding (STC).
  • STC space time coding
  • HARQ hybrid automatic repeat requests
  • ARQ automatic repeat request
  • Another problem in MIMO networks is self-interference due to transmitting and receiving with multiple antennas. Self-interference increases as the number of antennas increase. It is also desired to eliminate self interference.
  • the embodiments of the invention provides a method for combining hybrid automatic repeat requests (HARQ) with space time coding (STC) in a multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) network to increase the reliability of spatial multiplexed MIMO transmissions.
  • HARQ hybrid automatic repeat requests
  • STC space time coding
  • MIMO multiple-input multiple-output
  • the embodiments of the invention provide space time codes that can by used with higher order MIMO configurations, e.g., four or more transmit and receive antennas, and spatial multiplexing (SM) wherein self-interference among data streams is eliminated.
  • MIMO configurations e.g., four or more transmit and receive antennas
  • SM spatial multiplexing
  • FIG. 1 is a block diagram of a MIMO transmitter according to embodiments of the invention.
  • FIG. 2A is a schematic of a MIMI network according to embodiments of the invention.
  • FIG. 2B is a block diagram of two blocks of symbols according to embodiments of the invention.
  • FIG. 3 is a timing diagram of conventional HARQ operations in a MIMO network
  • FIG. 4 is a timing diagram of HARQ with STC in a MIMO network according to embodiments of the invention.
  • FIG. 5 is a timing diagram of HARQ with SICC in a MIMO network according to embodiments of the invention.
  • FIG. 1 shows a multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO-OFDM) transmitter 310 with two transmit antennas 106 .
  • the transmitter includes a source 101 for coding modulated data symbols (S 1 , S 2 ) 111 as a first block.
  • the coding uses a first code, e.g., a forward error-correcting code (FEC), such as a turbo code, a convolutional code, a low-density parity-check (LDPC) code, and the like.
  • FEC forward error-correcting code
  • the transmitter also includes a demultiplexer (DeMUX) 102 , and two OFDM chains 103 .
  • DeMUX demultiplexer
  • Each OFDM chain includes an OFDM modulator that performs an inverse Fast Fourier transform (IFFT) 104 on the respective input symbols S 1 and S 2 and then filters, amplifies and converts the time domain signal to a passband carrier frequency in the RF block 105 .
  • IFFT inverse Fast Fourier transform
  • the transmitter also includes a coder 350 .
  • the coder is used during HARQ operations to recode the retransmitted symbols as a second block using an additional code that was not used to code the symbols for the first transmission. That is, the coder 350 is enabled only for retransmissions, and the symbols initially transmitted bypass 351 the coder 350 .
  • the transmitter 310 uses spatial multiplexing (SM), wherein the sequence of modulated symbols 111 is transmitted via the two antennas 106 . That is, for the two symbols S 1 and S 2 , only one channel is required because symbol S 1 is transmitted by the first antenna, and symbol S 2 is transmitted concurrently by the second antenna to double the transmission rate. Generally, the transmission is
  • SM spatial multiplexing
  • a receiver typically needs to have at least as many antennas as the transmitter to enable the detecting and decoding of the symbols transmitted by the two transmit antennas 106 to recover the symbols.
  • Several receiver types are known.
  • An optimal receiver includes a maximum likelihood detector.
  • Sub-optimal receivers can use minimum mean square error (MMSE) and zero forcing (ZF).
  • MMSE minimum mean square error
  • ZF zero forcing
  • the embodiments of the invention can be used in transmitters and receivers with a large number of antennas, and where spatial multiplexing (SM) and hybrid automatic repeat requests (HARQ) are used.
  • SM spatial multiplexing
  • HARQ hybrid automatic repeat requests
  • FIG. 2A shows a MIMO network with a transmitter 310 and a receiver 320 .
  • the transmitters has multiple transmit antennas 201
  • the receiver has multiple receive antennas 202 , and a wireless channel 210 between the antennas.
  • H [ h 1 , 1 h 1 , 2 h 2 , 1 h 2 , 2 ] ,
  • the elements h i,j are channel coefficients from the j th transmit antenna to the i th receive antenna.
  • the received signal at the two antennas can be expressed in matrix form as
  • [ r 1 r 2 ] [ h 1 , 1 h 1 , 2 h 2 , 1 h 2 , 2 ] ⁇ S 1 S 2 + [ n 1 n 2 ] .
  • the vector S is a vector of symbols rather then individual modulation symbols.
  • the blocks are the modulated wave forms derived from the sequence of input symbols 111 .
  • the vector S is a vector of symbols that represents an entire block (or packet) of modulation symbols that are transmitted consecutively.
  • FIG. 2B shows two block 221 - 222 of fifty symbols. Symbols s 1 and s 50 are transmitted first, than symbols s 2 , and so forth. Then, the entire blocks are decoded to determine whether or not the blocks need to be retransmitted or not.
  • FIG. 3 shows the operation of the conventional HARQ.
  • the transmitter 310 transmits a first block of symbols S (1) 301 .
  • the receiver 320 operates on the vector R to detect the received block S (1) 302 , which is stored in a memory at the receiver.
  • the receiver also has the channel matrix H, which is used to detect the block S.
  • the receiver can implement decoding schemes, such as MMSE or ZF to reco9ver and estimate of the received signal ⁇ . If the block is decoded correctly and the symbols are recovered, then no further processing or retransmission is required.
  • the receiver stores the first block 302 of the received signal R, and transmits a retransmission request 303 .
  • the transmitter transmits an exact duplicate of the first block as a second block S (2) 304 , where the superscript indicates the second transmission attempt. That is, in the conventional HARQ, there is no coder 350 , and any retransmissions are identical to the initial transmission.
  • the two successive transmissions are S (1) and S (2) , where S (1) ⁇ S (2) .
  • the receiver After reception of the retransmitted signal, the receiver has the two copies of the received signals R (1) and R (2) .
  • r j (i) represent the signal at the j th antenna due to the i th transmission
  • the copies of the received signals are combined to improve the probability of success for the decoding 306 to recover the symbols.
  • One common way to combine 305 the received signals R (1) and R (2) is to average the two vectors to obtain
  • R ′ R ( 1 ) + R ( 2 ) 2 .
  • the HARQ can be repeated multiple times, and the averaging includes multiple retransmission blocks.
  • the combining operation 305 reduces the noise variance and power by a factor of two, and improves the decoding 306 to correctly recover the symbols. However, there still remains an interference term for the received signal at each antenna, which can be seen by expressing R′ as
  • [ r 1 ′ r 2 ′ ] [ ( h 1 , 1 ⁇ s 1 + h 1 , 2 ⁇ s 2 ) + n 1 ′ ( h 2 , 1 ⁇ s 1 + h 2 , 2 ⁇ s 2 ) + n 2 ′ ] .
  • h 1,2 s 2 and h 2,1 s 1 are the interference terms at receive antenna 1 from transmit antenna 2 , and receive antenna 2 from transmit antenna 1 , respectively.
  • This type of interference is typically called self interference, because it is due to the transmission of multiple streams from multiple antennas. Thus, the two transmissions reduce the noise power but do not eliminate the self interference. It should be noted that self interference increases as the number of antennas increase. Therefore, the embodiments of the invention, which eliminate self-interference, is important in MIMO transceivers with a larger number of antennas, e.g., four or more.
  • the second code is a space-time code (STC).
  • STC space-time code
  • Alamouti code which has the general form
  • the symbols in the first column are transmitted first by the antennas indicated by the subscripts, followed by the complex conjugate (*) of the symbols and a reversal of the antennas in the next time interval.
  • the retransmission is encoded in a way that enables the receiver to eliminate the self interference.
  • the first transmission of the first block 401 is conventional
  • the receiver stores the received signal R (1) 402 , and a retransmission 403 is requested.
  • the transmitter 310 transmits the following coded set of signals 404 as the second block
  • the matrix R (1,2) represents the received signals at both antennas were the first column is due to the transmission of the first block S (1) , and the second column in due to the retransmission of the block S (2) , that is
  • the signals at the receiver can be combined 405 and decoded 406 according to the following equations to obtain
  • the receiver After the combing 405 , the receiver attempts to decode 406 the transmitted block of symbols S. Because the combined signal no longer contains any self interference, the probability of correct decoding 406 and recovering the symbols increases.
  • each retransmission is recoded by the coder 350 .
  • SICC self-interference cancellation code
  • the combining 505 for SICC begins with the multiplication of the received matrix (R (1,2) ) by the 2 ⁇ 2 Hadamard matrix yielding,
  • the signal component of the matrix R (1,2) ′ contains two columns, were the first column depends only on the signal S 1 and the second column depends only on the signal S 2 .
  • We can combine the signals by multiply the first column of the matrix R (1,2) ′ by the vector [h 11 *h 21 *] T , and the second column of the matrix R (1,2) ′ by the vector [h 12 *h 22 *] T .
  • n 1 , 1 ′ n 1 , 2 ′ n 2 , 1 ′ n 2 , 2 ′ ⁇ ... ] [ n 1 ( 1 ) + n 1 ( 2 ) n 1 ( 1 ) - n 1 ( 2 ) n 2 ( 1 ) + n 2 ( 2 ) n 2 ( 1 ) - n 2 ( 2 ) ] .
  • the SICC combining yields signals where the self interference has been eliminated, and thus the probability of correct decoding 506 improves over conventional HARQ with SM.
  • n 1 ′ h 1.1 * ⁇ n 1.1 ′ + h 2.1 * ⁇ n 2.1 ′ + ... ⁇
  • ⁇ n 2 ′ h 1.2 * ⁇ n 1.2 ′ + h 2.2 * ⁇ n 2.2 ′ + ... ⁇ .
  • the transpose operator is T.
  • the receiver has the channel matrix H, e.g., for four transmit antennas, and four receive antennas:
  • H [ h 1 , 1 h 1 , 2 h 1 , 3 h 1 , 4 h 2 , 1 h 2 , 2 h 2 , 3 h 2 , 4 h 3 , 1 h 3 , 2 h 3 , 3 h 4 , 4 h 4 , 1 h 4 , 2 h 4 , 3 h 3 , 4 ] ⁇
  • each column of the matrix S represents the symbols transmitted at each transmission interval, and the subscripts index the set of antennas.
  • the structure of the first two columns of the matrix S can be seen to be an “Alamouti type” code on the symbols S 1 and S 2 transmitted by antennas 1 and 2 , while a second Alamouti type code on symbols S 3 and S 4 transmitted by antennas 3 and 4 .
  • the next two columns repeat the Alamouti code.
  • the symbols on antennas 3 and 4 are just negated as in the SICC code described above.
  • the transmitter sends the four columns of the matrix, S, in as a stream. That is all four columns are sent sequentially before feedback from the transmitter is expected.
  • the matrix S represents a space time code that is used without the HARQ protocol.
  • T is the transpose operator
  • n [ n 1 , 1 n 1 , 2 n 1 , 3 n 1 , 4 n 2 , 1 n 2 , 2 n 2 , 3 n 2 , 4 n 3 , 1 n 3 , 2 n 3 , 3 n 3 , 4 n 4 , 1 n 4 , 2 n 4 , 3 n 4 , 4 ] ⁇ ⁇
  • ⁇ ⁇ we ⁇ ⁇ set ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ r [ r 1 , 1 r 1 , 2 r 1 , 3 r 1 , 4 r 2 , 1 r 2 , 2 r 2 , 3 r 2 , 4 r 3 , 1 r 3 , 2 r 3 , 3 r 3 , 4 r 4 , 1 r 4 , 2 r 4 , 3 r 4 , 4 ] ] ] ] ⁇ ⁇
  • the combining yields four symbols that contain no self-interference terms, and thus simple detection schemes can be applied to estimate the transmitted symbols.
  • H [ h 1 , 1 h 1 , 2 h 1 , 3 h 1 , 4 h 2 , 1 h 2 , 2 h 2 , 3 h 2 , 4 h 3 , 1 h 3 , 2 h 3 , 3 h 3 , 4 h 4 , 1 h 4 , 2 h 4 , 3 h 4 , 4 ] ,
  • the received signal is
  • r [ r 1 , 1 r 1 , 2 r 1 , 3 r 1 , 4 r 2 , 1 r 2 , 2 r 2 , 3 r 2 , 4 r 3 , 1 r 3 , 2 r 3 , 3 r 3 , 4 r 4 , 1 r 4 , 2 r 4 , 3 r 4 , 4 ⁇ r 1 , 5 r 1 , 6 r 1 , 7 r 1 , 8 r 2 , 5 r 2 , 6 r 2 , 7 r 2 , 8 r 3 , 5 r 3 , 6 r 3 , 7 r 3 , 8 r 4 , 5 r 4 , 6 r 4 , 7 r 4 , 8 ] ⁇ ⁇ for ⁇ ⁇ S 1 , ⁇ [ r 1 , 1 r 1 , 2 * r 1 , 5 r 1 , 6 * ] ⁇ [ h 1 , 1 *

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  • Detection And Prevention Of Errors In Transmission (AREA)
US12/239,491 2008-01-16 2008-09-26 Hybrid automatic repeat requests coding in MIMO networks Active 2030-06-19 US8073071B2 (en)

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Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US12/239,491 US8073071B2 (en) 2008-01-16 2008-09-26 Hybrid automatic repeat requests coding in MIMO networks
AT09701823T ATE551790T1 (de) 2008-01-16 2009-01-08 Verfahren zum senden eines symbolblocks in mimo- netzwerken
EP09701823A EP2232756B1 (fr) 2008-01-16 2009-01-08 Procédés de transmission de bloc de symboles dans des réseaux mimo
JP2010525954A JP5143233B2 (ja) 2008-01-16 2009-01-08 Ｍｉｍｏネットワークにおいてシンボルのブロックを送信するための方法
KR1020107018118A KR101158206B1 (ko) 2008-01-16 2009-01-08 Ｍｉｍｏ 네트워크에서의 심볼 블록의 송신 방법
CN2009801022274A CN101933279B (zh) 2008-01-16 2009-01-08 在mimo网络中发送符号块的方法
PCT/JP2009/050501 WO2009091010A2 (fr) 2008-01-16 2009-01-08 Procédé de transmission de bloc de symboles dans des réseaux mimo

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US2135908P 2008-01-16 2008-01-16
US7790508P 2008-07-03 2008-07-03
US12/239,491 US8073071B2 (en) 2008-01-16 2008-09-26 Hybrid automatic repeat requests coding in MIMO networks

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JP5550445B2 (ja) * 2010-02-03 2014-07-16 三菱電機株式会社 データ送信装置およびデータ受信装置ならびに無線通信システム
KR101358886B1 (ko) 2012-04-12 2014-02-06 고려대학교 산학협력단 송신장치 및 수신장치, 송신장치의 동작 방법

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EP2232756A2 (fr) 2010-09-29
WO2009091010A3 (fr) 2009-10-08
JP5143233B2 (ja) 2013-02-13
WO2009091010A2 (fr) 2009-07-23
CN101933279A (zh) 2010-12-29
CN101933279B (zh) 2013-09-25
JP2011511487A (ja) 2011-04-07
US20090180568A1 (en) 2009-07-16
ATE551790T1 (de) 2012-04-15
EP2232756B1 (fr) 2012-03-28
KR101158206B1 (ko) 2012-06-19
KR20100112168A (ko) 2010-10-18

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