US77795A - Federal c - Google Patents

Description

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Letters Patent No. 77,795, dated .May 12, 1868.

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TO ALL WHOM IT MAY CONCERN-z Be it 'known that I, FEDERAL'G. ADAMS, of Cincinnati, in the county of Hamilton, and Statepf Ohio, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Cupola-Furnaces; and I do hereby declare that the following is a full, clear, and exact description of the construction and operation of the sanie, rei'erence being bad to the annexed. drawings, mak ing part of this specification, in which Figure 1 represents one side of my improved cupolafurnace, the outer case being-shown in section.

Figure 2 is a horizontal section through the line d d, fig. 1.

Figure 3 is a vertical section, showing theinterior of one-half of the cupola.

Figure l isa horizontal section, through the line ff, fig. 3.

Figure 5 is a perspective view of a portion of the lining.

Eigure 6 is a longitudinal section of the same. 1 K

Figure 7 is a vertical section of the cap' of the centre t'uyere.

Figure 8 is a horizontal section of the lowerpart of the same.

Figure 9 is a top view of the plate, above the heating-chamber A in the chimney.

The general shape of the cnpola is as shown in fig. 3, the lining being drawn in from the bottom to a point just above the tuyeres, as shown by the lines a band a 6 in said figure. Thence I gradually enlarge the interior toward the top of the cupola, as shown by the lines 6 c and b c. This form is given to the interior of the cupola for the purpose of retaining the stock above the tuyeres long enough to permit the iron in the stock to become thoroughly melted, and also to prevent the half-melted stock or iron from coming 'in contact with the" tuyeres below, which would be the case if the sides'of the lining of the cupola were straight from top to bottom.

Above the cupola proper, I place a heating-chamber, figs. 1 and 3, provided with openings B B B, or

more, as may be necessary, and a door, 0, which is the regular charging-door. Another door,--D, fig. l,'is placed below this chamber, near the top of the cupola, to be used for observing and replenishing the stock, when the stock in the cupola is nearly melted down. V

This heating-chamber A is to be filled' with iron through door 0, which is then closed. The heat rising through the stock, strikes the arch E E, and is. throwndown again, passing again through the stock to the openings 13 B, through which it passes ed. The iron'is thus thoroughly heated before it passes into the cupola proper. v The opening G in the top of the arc-his to be used when the cupola is being fired up. The annular wall H H, forming a bottomfor a portion of the heating-chamber, is inclined or bevelled, as shown at K K, so that the stock will be discharged therefrom, as it settles down in the centre of the opening. I

Below the annular wall, and between the outer case and the lining, and above the chamber for heating the blast, is an air-chamber, F 'F, to which air is admitted through the apertures I I, fig. 1, from without, or through the apertures from thc'blast heating chamber, ahdironi which itis discharged into the cupola, through the openings S S S, under the projecting edge oi the annularwal'l H, fofthe purpose of igniting the gases that may arise from the-melting mass below. 7 I

In the chimney above thearch of the upperheating-chamber A, I place a platc, J, fig. 9, which may be,

made concave or convex, or of flat tile, to resist the heat from below, and to protect the arch from cold.air entering from above. This plate is provided with openings M, at the sides, to permit the passage of the smoke.

The cupolais surroundedbya case, L, figs. 1, 2, 3, and 4, so as to form a space, N N, which space is divided- I by partitions O O 0 0 the partitions O, O, and O rising from the bottom, and the partition 0 descending from the top. The blast passes around these partitions and through the space N, and thus becomes heated.

This. chamber or blast-heater may be formed between the surface of the inner lining-wall and the cupola-case,"

by tubes orpassages built in the ivall.

For the better introduction of the blast, I arrange the tuyeres in various positions and I' make them of various shapes, which will now be more particularly described. A

Tuyeres have heretofore been placed aroundthe cupola in horizontal lines, the tuyeres being of the same size, and placed at about equal distances from each other, say from fourteen to sixteen inches apart, and they have also been set'en vertical lines,the tuyeres in the latter-case being of-diilerent sizes. Tuyeres set in the way firstnamed are very apt to be clogged by melted clay o'rbrick, by reason of the rebound or reaction of the blast, and the creation of an intense heat just inside of the tuyere. Thismass bccomes burnt andset, and the half-melted iron and slag catching upon it, the eupola at length becomes bridged clear across the interior. To

avoid this difiieulty, I place tuyeres in diii'erent parts of th'e cupola, andinstcad of one large tuyeie, I employ a cluster of tuyeres, consisting of .two or more, as; shown at P Q R ST and- P Q R S T. In this way I am enabled to uselsm aller tuyeres, and to divide the blast, to create greater i'orce to penetrate the stool: in different places, and thus to create greater combustion'in or near the centre. of the furnace. The tuyeres may he placed in an oblique-line or lines, as shown in the combinations Q, R S and R S U V, and thus the space for the introduction of the blast may have a greater extent-laterally'than it the tuyeres were arranged in the same vertical plane. I alsointroduce tuyeres, as they may be needed, into the'spaces between the regular clusters abovedcscribed, placing these additional tuyeres, which are all of the same size at the outlet, at various heights and in irregular order. Someof these additional tuyeres are shown at Q Q Q". By inclining a tuyere at its entrance to the cupola, so that insteadof entering in a radial line, it shall be slightly'incl'incd to the right or left, avertical or spiral motion may be girentothe blast, which Ihave found to be of considerable utility.

Above all the tuyeres, except those shown at PQ R S T, Iplace a rowof'tuyeres W W W W, figs, 3 and 4, set in a horizontal line, and enteringthe cupola with an jnclinationj'to the right or left, as described .in the preceding paragraph, so as to produce awhirling or vertical motion of the blast within the cupola, thus gathering the blast to the centre, and while carrying it upthrough the contracted portion of the lining, protecting the walls from extreme heat, which would tend to melt them, if the tuyeres were so set that their axeswere radial lines.

Another mode isthe employment of what I call slotted tuyeres, as shown at XX, figsll, 3, and 4., These tuyeres may be from sixteen to twenty-'four'inches in lengtlror height, and of proportionate width, as shown in the drawings. The advantage of a tuyere in this form is, that it-ailo'rds'but small space at the top for the accumulation of dirt or slag, while itcocc'upies but'little room when projected'beyond the lining into the eupola, as they may be to any required distance. These tuyeres maybe set one above the other, or upon a spiral or, circular line around. the cupola. 7 They may be arranged horizontally, and in one or more rows, with or without breakingjoints, and, if desired, they may beinclined from the outer case to. the interior, as shown at X, fig, 2, so as to give to the blast the yertical motion already referred to.

For the purpose of introducing the blast to thevery-centre of the cupola, I employ the projecting tuyeres Y Y, and the centre tuyere Z The tuyeresY Y maybe made stationary, or they may be made so as to. be run in and drawn out, as may be desired. These and all other projecting tuyercs are covered with fire-clay, orsome non-conductor, to resist the intense heat of theinterior.

The centre, tuyere Z, figs. 3, 4, 7, and 8, may enter from belowor from a projecting tuyere or tuyeres. It is provided with a cap on the top, beneath which, the blast issues, and by arranging the supports of this cap, at an, angle, as shown-in figs.'7 and 8, a verticalmotion is given to the blast. This tuyereis useful in lighting the fir'e in the cupola, as it introduces oxygen to the centre of the stock or fuel. I

Thctuyeres P Q R S T above the contraction in'the cupola, are to be used mainly in the early part of the smelting operation, to heat the plate or linings above them, and, by 'radiation from the latter, the chamber A a. In this way the blast becomes more quickly and readily heated. When these tuyercs are not needed, they are closed by the door B b. As the melting process goes on, the stockin thecupola settlesdown toward the bottom, whcre it becomes very closely packed. In this way dirt and slag-close up thespace in the fuel, and it becomes more difiicult to penetrate the mass with the blast. For this reason, I place more tuyercs below than above,'arranging them sometimes in a horizontal line in an increasing and decreasing series, as shown by the tuyeres- R R PT S S S figs. 1 and 2.

Theouter end of some of the tuyeres I make larger than the inner end, and the slotted, tuyeres are made wider at the bottom of the outer end, the purpose, in both cases, being to create a greater force at one place than at another. vThe discharge-end of the tuyere may be of any convenient shape, and while I have described a variety of modes of arranging them, it is not necessary that all these methods should be used upon thesaine cupola.

Ilinemy cupola from the bottom of the series of t'uyeres W to the top of the cupola, with an iron plate, which may be put together in sections, and a portion of which is shown in figs. 5 and 6. This plate is provided with numerous holes and countersunk depressions and points or projections, as well as with cross'fianges, the" purpose of which is to ,enable fire-clay or some'incornbustible medium to adhere to the plate and protect it.

This lining, at the contracted portion'of the eupola, projects from the inner case, thus forming a. chamber or space, A a A a, which may be used as a blast-heating chamber, and for this purpose may be arranged like the chamber N N. To protect the back ef the plates forming the lining when thus arranged, I admit the blast w through the openings in the case, shown at O c, and discharge itat the opening D 01, so that the blast may circulate in rear of the plates, protecting them, and becoming heated in its passage.

Having thus described my improvements what I claim therein as new, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is-- i o v 1.. The general shapeof the interior of a cupola-furnace, as described, that is: to say, gradually contracted from thebottom to a point above thetuyeres, and thence gradually enlarged to the top, as shown.

' 2. The heating-ch projecting over the lining, subs tantial1y as shown.

amber A above the'cupola, provided with openings B and door G, with the.base-wall .H

.3. The air-heating chamber F, under the wall H,and between the lining and the outer case, with the open- "ings for the introduction and discharge of air, substantially as described.

'4. The plateJin the chimney, with its smoke-"passages, substantially as shown, and for the purpose described. 5. The'outer case L, forming a blast-heating chamber, N, surroundingthe cupola, substantially as described. 6. The partitions O O. O 0 in the blast-heating chamber N,s'ubstantially as and for the purposes described. 7. The space or chamber between the lining E'e, and the inner case, forthe purpose of cooling the back of the lining, or heating the hlast, substantially as described. I

8. The cupola-lining E e, composed of an iron plate or plates'covered with fire-clay or other non-conductor, as described. 7

9. Arranging the'tuyeres in a cluster, as shown by Q R S T.

10. The arrangement of tuyeres on an angular or spiral line, as shown by the combinations P Q R S or R S U V.

11. The tuyeres set at an angle to a radial line, as shown at W,- for the purpose of creating a tangential or vertical blast, as described. I

12. The arrangement of tuyeres, having the same size at the-outlet, one above the other, in regular or irregular order, substantially as and for the purpose described. I l

13. The tuyeres Y'Y, projecting beyond the lining toward the centre of the cupola, as described. 14. The employment, in a cupola-furnacc, of slotted tuyeres for the admission of the blast.

15. The slotted tuyeres constructed with the lower part of the outer end wider than the upper part, and projecting beyond the lining, substantially as shown. 7 16. The horizontal slotted tuyere's, constructed substantially as shown. 17. The upright centre tuyerc Z, surmounted by a cap, Z, whether introduced through the bottom or from the sides of the cupola, substantially as described. I 18. So arranging the tuyeres of a cupola-furnaee, as to employ a greater number below than above, for the purposes described.

19. The upper row of tuyeres W W W, substantiallyas and for the purpose described; 20. The combinatiorn'in the same cupol a-furnace, of tuyeres of difi'erent shapes and sizes, and located above and below each other, substantially as set forth. I

21. The 'inclinedsupports of the capof the centre tuyere Z, for the purpose of introducing the blast with a vertical motion, as described. 1

22. In a horizontal series of tnyeres applied to a cupola-t'ui-nace, constructing the inlets of unequal size, as described. 7

v 23. In a'series of tuyeres placedon'e above the other, making some of them with the outer end of greater diameter than others, whilethe inner end remains of the same diameter, asdescribed.

24. The horizontal lineof tuyeres R R 1?, T, S, S and S in creasing and d.iminishing, substantially as shown.

I FEDERALC. ADAMS. Witnesses:

JAMES Moons, M. B. PHILIPP.

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