US43274A

US43274A - Improved blast-furnace

Info

Publication number: US43274A
Authority: US
Publication date: 1864-06-21
Anticipated expiration: 1881-06-21

Description

W. RASCHETTE.

Bleistfurnace.

Patented J une:21, 1864.

a w wwz Z I TM N i ME QQQQ QQQQQ NrrED. STATES PATENT Gr me.

VVOLDEMAR RASCHETTE, OF ST. PETERSBURG, RUSSIA, ASSIGNOR TO ALEXANDER TRIPPEL, OF NEW YORK CITY.

IMPROVED BLAST-FURNACE.

Specification forming part of Letters Patent No. 43,274, dated June 21, 1864.

To all whom it may concern.-

Be it known that I, WOLDEMAR RASOHETTE, of St. Petersburg, Empire of Russia, have in vented a new and Improved Blast-Furnace; and I do hereby declare that the following is a full, clear, and exact description of the same, reference being had to the accompanying drawings, forming a part of'this specification, in which- Figure 1 represents a transverse vertical section of my invention, taken in the plane indicated by the line as m, Fig. 2. Fig. 2 is a longitudinal vertical section of the same, the plane of section being indicated by the line 1 3 Fig. 1. .Fig. 3 is a horizontal section of the same, the line 2 2, Fig.1, indicating the plane of section. Fig. 4 is a similar section of the same, taken in the plane indicated by the line w m, Fig. 1. Figs. 5 and 6 are perspective views of the slotted air-chambers detached.

Similar letters of reference in the several views indicate corresponding parts.

This invention consists, first, in a blast-furnace the hearth of which, when bisected by a horizontal plane, presents a narrow long rectangle, the two short sides of which are to be used as working sides, and its two long sides for two or more rows of tuyeres, and whose long and short sides increase gradually from the hearth up to a point near the throat in such a manner that a perfectly steady and gradual descent of the charges from the throat to the hearth is effected, and the ore, fuel, and fluxes (as charged in horizontal layers) preserve the same relative position toward each other while descending from the throat to the hearth of the furnace; and, furthermore, the reduction of the ore can be effected in less time and with less fuel than it can in a furnace of the ordinary construction.

It consists, further, in the employment or use, in combination with a long rectangular hearth, of a double row of tuyeres, each tuyere being placed so as to be between two of the opposite side, in such a manner that a smelt ing and oxidizing zone of uniform temperature and little vertical depth is obtained throughout the entire length of the furnace, and the process of reducing the ore is effected with less fuel and in less time than in furnaces having the tuyeres arranged in the ordinary manner.

It consists, further, in the arrangement of one or more fire-places and fire-fines under the bottom and through the walls of the furnace in such a manner that a uniform and quick heating of the external walls of the furnace during the erection of the same, and particularly previous to lighting the charge in its interior, can be effected, and thereby the successful working of the furnace is rendered practicable and its durability considerably increased.

It consists, finally, in the employment or use of slotted air-chambers in place of or in combination with the tuyeres in such a manner that the cost of the mechanism used for introducing the blast into the furnace is considerably reduced without diminishing or impairing the effect.

To enable those skilled in the art to make and use my invention, I will proceed to describe it.

A represents a furnace built according to my invention. Its foundation is formed of brick-work or walls B, and through these walls lead the channels I) d e, terminating on one side of the furnace in the fire-place c and 'on the opposite side in the opening 0. The channels b d e distribute the hot or cold air under the bottom of the hearth G of the furnace, and they serve either to heat the walls of the furnace previous to starting the fire in the same or to cool off said walls after the charge has been removed.

In order to heat or cool the side walls of the furnace, the horizontal channels 6 communicate with vertical channels f, and separate horizontal channels 9, Fig. 2, serve to carry off the moisture and to cool off the walls. The channels I; d e are covered bya cast-iron plate, h, which supports the bottom 2' of the hearth. This hearth is made in the form of along narrow rectangle, see Fig. 3,) and its bottom is either made of one solid stone or it is constructed of some suitable fire-proof compost tion laid on the plate h to the desired thickness, firmly ra1nmedfThe side walls, 70, of the hearth are built up of fire-brick, and the boshes Z are lined with some fire-proof composition. The long sides of the hearth are perforated with a series ofsemicircular holes, m, to serve as the tuyeres, and these tuyeres terminate in the chambers a, extending through out the whole length of the furnace, or nearly so. The tuyeres are so divided over the long sides of the furnace that those on one side are opposite the spaces between those on the opposite; or, instead of these tuyeres, slotted air-chambers 111* may be used, through which the blast is introduced in an unbroken plane on either of the long sides of the furnace. The sides 0 are lined with the best fire-brick, and they rest on the walls 12, being strengthened and supported by cast-iron plates and beams, the latter being inserted in the narrow or working side of the furnace. Each of the narrow working sides of the furnace is provided with a discharge-opening, t, as clearly shown in Fig. 2 of the drawings. The outer walls of the furnace rest upon cast-iron columns a, supported by platesr, and the whole brick-work is strengthened and supported by suitable iron bands and hoops in the usual manner. The main air-channels O are supported by suitable hooks or brackets secured to. the long sides of the furnace, and from these air-channels extend the blast-pipes h to the tuyeres gn; or one or more pipes, 71*, conduct the blast to the slotted air-chambers m By referring to Figs. 1 and 2 of the drawings it will be observed that my furnace gradually enlarges from the hearth up to its mouth or throat. The vertical section across its two long sides forms a trapezoid, having the largest of its parallel sides at or across thethroat, and the smallest at the hearth, and the vertical section across the two short sides forms either a rectangle or a trapezoid, with the length and height of the furnace as its principal dimensions.

The principal points of difference between the form of my furnace and those previously used is found in its great length in one and its narrowness in the other direction; further, in the gradual and progressive increase of its cubical capacity as it approaches the throat further, in the much reduced height compared with the height of furnaces now used for iron ores. The advantages resulting from these improved forms are, first,the charges descend perfectly steady and gradually from the throat to the hearth, quite different from the irregular descent of the charges in the furnaces constructcd in the ordinary manner; secondly, the ore, fuel, and flux (as charged in horizontal layers) maintain their relative position toward each other during their descent from the throat to the hearth; thirdly, the caloric contained in the heated gases produced by the combustion of the fuel in the smelting zone and ascending in the furnace over a gradually-enlarging surface is more completely absorbed by the charge in my furnace than it is in a furnace of the ordinary construction, and thereby a great saving of fuel is effected fourthly, in consequence of the reduced height of my furnace the charges have to stay a much shorter time in the same and the yield of metal is larger, while the consumption of the fuel is smaller than in a furnace of the ordinary construction; finally, the

pressure of the blast can be greatly reduced, the construction of my furnace is cheaper, and the charges can be easier elevated to the level of the furnace-throat than in an ordinary furnace.

By my new arrangement of tuyeres or slotted air-chambers the smelting-zone situated in the plane passing th rough said tuyeres or air-chambers is rendered more uniform, extensive, and intensive than by any other blast arrangement heretofore used, and in consequence thereof the time for the passage of the charges is reduced andthe fuel perfectly utilized.

By the application of a system of fines under and in the furnace-walls, I am enabled to dry a newly-constructed furnace from the exterior to the interior, instead of the reverse, as heretofore practiced; and, furthermore, by these flues the radiation of heat from the sides of the furnace during its operation is pre vented. These flues, in which the atmospheric air is either in motion or at rest, as the case may be, form good non-conductors for heat,

and by their action the temperature of the upper zones of the furnace is decreased. a

A furnace constructed according to my invention costs less to build than a furnace of the ordinary construction. It can be worked with less expenditure of fuel, and the yield of metal is increased.

It must be remarked that with slight alterations in the construction this furnace is applicable for the reduction of copper, zinc, or other ores besides iron ore.

Having thus described my invention, what I claim as new, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is v 1.. A blast-furnace, A, the hearth of which, when bisected by a horizontal plane, presents a narrow long rectangle, the short sides of which are to be used as working sides, and the two long sides for two or more rows of tuyeres, and whose long and short sides increase gradually from the hearth up to a point near the throat, substantially in the manner and for the purposes herein shown and described.

2. The employment or use, in combination with a long rectangular hearth, of a double row of tuyeres, each tuyere being placed so as o be between two of the oppositeside, in thet manner and for the purpose substantially as specified.

3. The arrangement of one or more fireplaces and a series of fire-fines under the bot: tom and through the walls of the furnace A,

constructed and operating in the manner and for the purpose substantially as set forth.

4. The slotted air chambers, substituting and in combination with the tuyeres, and applied to the furnace A, substantially as and for the purpose described.

WVOLDEMAR RASGHETTE.

Witnesses:

OBERET BEINEKE, F. Russow.