US366282A - Blast-furnace - Google Patents

Description

(No Model.) 2 Sheets-Sheet' 1.

E. WALSH, Jr.

BLAST FURNACE.

NO. 366,282. Patented July 12. 18 87.

Attas'x I 1511 812501 %M. 62wa4/%4 6.

(No Model.) 2 Sheets-Sheet 2.

I E. WALSH, Jr.

7 BLAST FURNACE. No. 366,282, Patented July 12, 1887.

A tes' T211791: tar,

c aw m/%dfi/ 4 M QQWZI aZ/ U ITE STATES PATENT Fries,

EDW ARD WVALSH, JR, OF ST. LOUIS, MISSOURI.

BLAST-FURNACE.

$PECIPICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 366,282, dated July 12, 1887.

Application filed September 1, 1185. Serial No.175,888. (No model.) Patented in France October 13, 1886, No. 179,02]; in Belgium October 18, 1886, No. 74,879,- in England OrtUbOl 1?, 1886. No. 13,2li6,'and in Austria-Hungary February 25, 18:57, No.

4],219 and No. 886.

by Austrio-Hungarian Letters Patent No.

4l,2l9886, dated February 25, 1887; in Great Britain by British Letters Patent No. 13,266, dated October 18, 1886; in Belgium by Belgian Letters Patent No. 74,879, dated Octo ber 18, 1886; in France by French Letters Patent No. 179,021, dated October 13, 1886; and for which an application for German Letters Patent was lodged in the Patent Office of theGcrman Empire on October 18, 1886; of which said improvement the following is a full, clear, and exactdescription, reference being had to the annexed'drawings, forming part of this specification.

My invention relates to important modifications in the internal form and in the structural arrangement of blast-furnaces, which may be said to consist generally of cylinder for hearth, an inverted. truncated cone for bosh, and a truncated cone for shaft. Owing to the internal configuration and arrangement of these parts as heretofore adopted it is found that in the descent of the fuel, layers, and orefluxes at that portion of the furnace where they are in a semi-molten or viscid state their tendency is to adhere to the boshes and furnace-walls, and to this adhesion is to be attributed most of the evils and irregularities incidental to the best designed blast-furnaces of the dayviz. rapid deterioration of the hearthlining, high silicon, small yield of a poor quality of white'iron, chilling, jumping, and scaffolding, to remove which recourse has been had to the percussive drill, overhead tnyere, cannon, coal-oil, gunpowder, and dynamite.

My invention has for its objects to prevent the adhesion of slag or semimolten metal on the boshes and furnace-walls, so as to insure an uninterrupted flow of the materials and a larger output of metal from the furnace, and to regulate the quality and quantity of the product at will; to minimize the tendency of the walls to bulge or give outwardly; to provide means of cooling the furnace externally, and to repair the same without disturbing the furnaceshaft, if desired, while the furnace is in operation.

My invention consists- First, in placing the entire bosh and widest diameter thereof well down within the zone of complete fusion, and thence rapidly inclining the walls of the furnace-upward to a certain height, so as to overhang the bosh, the furnaceshaft being continued from this part with a gradual inclination sufficient to allow of the easy descent of the materials to be acted upon into the furnace without disturbing the disposi tion in which such materials are charged. In determining the relative dimensions of a furnace, especially as to locatingthe top ofthe bosh within the zone of fusion, the questions as to the capacity of this zone of fusion must be determined by the density of the fuel, the tem perature, pressure, and volume of the blast, and the natures of the ores and fluxes to be employed. Thus it is determined that hard driving with increased volume of blast at a lower temperature treating less refractory ores will produce a larger zone of fusion, Whereas slow driving, high temperature of the blast, refractory ores, and less dense fuel produce a smaller zone of fusion. The particular construction illustrated in the drawings accoin panying the specification is for the treatment of very refractory hematite of magnetic ores with a dense coke employing the temperature of the blast about 800 Fahrenheit at a pressure of about four pounds per inch and in volume of about sixteen thousand cubic feet per minute. Vith a tuyere-circle of ten feetin diameter, when the furnace is working under the above-named conditions, the zone of fusion is then about eight feet up when the inclination of the bosh is about three inches per foot, and it has been so delineated.

Secondly, in laying the joints of the brickwork composing the fu rnace proper and hearth at an inclination. downward and inward-to ward the center of the furnace,

Thirdly, in surrounding the furnace proper externally with a double row of columns, one

as to overhang the bosh 0 until they reach a portion or zone, E,of the furnace A,where the materials being acted upon are in a more or less solid condition. By this particular location of the bosh G and overhanging form of the furnace-walls-D between the bosh O and zone E the current of air from the tuyeres is more perfectly disseminated throughout the outer portions of the materials in the furnace than with ordinary wide boshes, and any adhesion of slag or semi molten materials around the bosh O is prevented partly by the intense heat thereof and partly by the refiex and delivery from the overhanging walls D of the furnace A. Similarly, also, any temporary adhesion of semi-molten material round said walls is prevented.

7 From the. line or zone E the furnace-shaft B tapers or diminishes gradually upward with just sufficient inclination to allow of the easy descent of the solid contents of the furnace without disturbing or mixing the materials as they are relatively disposed and charged from the hopper F into the furnace.

In constru ctingihe furnace A the bricks composing the walls D are laid with their joints inclined from the outside downward toward the center of the furnace, as seenin Fig. 2, by which arrangement the weight of the bricks willgravitate inward, and, pressing upon one another, will close or consolidate the structure,thereby lessening the tendency of the walls D to bulge or spread and also preventing the molten metal from escaping, through the joints of the brickwork. The joints of the'bricks composing the hearth Gare also inclined inwardly and obliquely toward theeenter of the furnace, so as to form a firm resisting-base. I 7 To obviate the difficulty and inconvenience hitherto experienced in obtaining access to suitable distances apart around the outside of the furnace A. By this means the furnace A is rendered a separate construction from the shaft B, and can be easily got at for repairs or removal without disturbing the shaft B. Such arrangement also allows of a lighter construction of the furnace A, and thereby facilitates the cooling of the brick-work by admitting of the circulation of air around the outside of the comparatively thin walls D of the furnace A.

The above-described system of supporting the furnace-shaft B on columns H H separately from but combined with the furnace A and the mode of arranging the bricks in the construction of the latter may also be applied to any other description of blast-furnace.

I I are the tuyeres, J the blast-pipe,and K the water-jacket, which, with the remaining parts shown on the drawings or appertaining to furnace, are similar to those used in ordinary blast-furnaces.

I claim as my invention- 1. A blast-furnace in which the bosh C is located well down within the zone of fusion instead of at an upper and colder portion thereof, or at a portion too far removed horizontally from the heating influences of the ascending gases, as heretofore, substantially as shown, and for the purpose specified.

2. A blast-furnace in which the bricks composing the walls of the furnace are laid at an inclination toward the center of the furnace, substantially as described, and for the purpose specified.

3. The double row ofcolumns H H, in combination with the fnrnaceshaft B, formed as described, substantially as described, andfor the purpose specified.

4. The double row of columns H H, supporting the furnace-shaft B, in'combination with the furnace A, formed as described, sub stantially as and for the purpose described.

In testimony whereof I have affixed my signature, in presence of two witnesses, this 25th day of August, 1885. v

EDWARD WALSH, JR.

Witnessesz.

PAUL BAKEWELL, Jos. W. OROOKES.'

IOO

Images