US7775083B2 - System and method for monitoring parameters in containers - Google Patents
System and method for monitoring parameters in containers Download PDFInfo
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- US7775083B2 US7775083B2 US11/536,030 US53603006A US7775083B2 US 7775083 B2 US7775083 B2 US 7775083B2 US 53603006 A US53603006 A US 53603006A US 7775083 B2 US7775083 B2 US 7775083B2
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01D—MEASURING NOT SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR A SPECIFIC VARIABLE; ARRANGEMENTS FOR MEASURING TWO OR MORE VARIABLES NOT COVERED IN A SINGLE OTHER SUBCLASS; TARIFF METERING APPARATUS; MEASURING OR TESTING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G01D9/00—Recording measured values
- G01D9/005—Solid-state data loggers
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N27/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means
- G01N27/02—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means by investigating impedance
- G01N27/021—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means by investigating impedance before and after chemical transformation of the material
Definitions
- This invention relates to a system for monitoring parameters in containers.
- the aforementioned sensors do not address the need to maintain a sterile barrier between the person, the sensor and the solution while the material in the solution is tested to determine what chemical or biological material is in the solution.
- the contents of the container, if sterile, are not at risk of adventitious contamination.
- the above-mentioned sensors do not allow one to test for various chemical, physical and biological parameters in the solution as needed. Therefore, there is a need for a system that enables a user to simply test for chemical and/or biological material in a solution non-invasively, while the solution is in a sterile barrier where the user can safely obtain measurements for the material.
- the present invention has been accomplished in view of the above-mentioned technical background, and it is an object of the present invention to provide a system and method for monitoring parameters in a biological container.
- a system for measuring multiple parameters includes a container having a solution, at least one sensor in conjunction with a tag is in proximity to an impedance analyzer and a reader that constitute a measurement device.
- the at least one sensor is configured to determine at least one parameter of the solution.
- the tag is configured to provide a digital ID associated with the sensor, where the container is in proximity to the reader and an impedance analyzer.
- the impedance analyzer is configured to send and receive a given range of frequencies from the sensor, based on the parameter and calculate parameter changes based on the response.
- an apparatus for measuring a parameter in a container having a solution, at least one sensor in conjunction with a tag in proximity to a measurement device.
- the at least one sensor is configured to determine at least one parameter of the solution.
- the measurement device is configured to read the at least one parameter from the at least one sensor.
- FIG. 1 illustrates a block diagram of a system for monitoring parameters in a container in accordance with an embodiment of the invention.
- FIGS. 2A , 2 B, 2 C and 2 D are schematic diagrams of circuitry for RFID systems constructed in accordance with the invention.
- FIG. 3 illustrates an exploded view of the radio frequency identification (RFID) tag of FIG. 1 in accordance with the invention.
- RFID radio frequency identification
- FIG. 4 depicts a flow chart of how the system for monitoring parameter in a solution is employed in accordance with the invention.
- FIG. 5 depicts another flow chart of how a system for monitoring parameters in a solution is employed in accordance with the invention.
- FIG. 6 is a graphical representation of an example of the utilization of the system for monitoring parameters in the solution of FIG. 1 in accordance with the invention.
- FIG. 7 is another graphical representation of an example of the utilization of the system for monitoring parameters in a solution of FIG. 1 . in accordance with the invention.
- FIG. 8 is yet another graphical representation of an example of the utilization of the system for monitoring parameters in a solution of FIG. 1 . in accordance with the invention.
- FIG. 9 is a graphical representation of an example of a Zp response of FIG. 4 in accordance with the invention.
- FIGS. 10A , 10 B, 10 C and 10 D are graphical representations of examples of changes of measured parameters associated with FIG. 4 in accordance with the invention.
- FIGS. 11A , 11 B, 11 C and 11 D are graphical representations of examples of calibration curves of measured parameters associated with FIG. 4 in accordance with the invention.
- FIG. 12 is a graphical representation of an example of multivariate analysis of measure parameters associated with FIG. 4 in accordance with the invention.
- FIG. 1 illustrates a block diagram of a system for monitoring parameters of a solution in a container.
- the system 100 includes a container 101 , a tag 102 and a sensor 103 on the tag 102 , a reader 105 , an impedance analyzer 107 , a standard computer 109 and a measurement device 111 .
- Measurement device 111 is made of the reader 105 and the impedance analyzer 107 .
- Several sensors 103 may be formed on the tag 102 in an array format.
- the sensor 103 or sensor array 103 is located in container 101 , which is connected by a wireless connection or an electrical wire connection to the impedance analyzer 107 and the computer 109 .
- Container 101 may be a disposable container, a stainless steel container, a plastic container, a polymeric material container, a pre-sterilized polymeric material container or any type of container known to those of ordinary skill in the art that can hold a solution 101 a .
- the solution 101 a may be a liquid, fluid or gas, a solid, a paste or a combination of liquid and solid.
- the solution 101 a may be blood, water, a biological buffer or gas.
- the solution 101 a may contain toxic industrial material, chemical warfare agent, gas, vapors or explosives disease marker in exhaled breath, bio-pathogen in water, virus, bacteria and other pathogens.
- the solution 101 a is blood it may contain various materials such as creatinine, urea, lactate dehydrognease, alkaline phosphate, potassium, total protein, sodium, uric acid, dissolved gases and vapors, such as CO 2 , O 2 , NOx, ethanol, methanol, halothane, benzene, chloroform, toluene, chemical warfare agents, vapor or explosives and the like.
- the solution 101 a is a gas or vapor, it may be CO 2 , O 2 , NOx, ethanol, methanol, halothane, benzene, chloroform toluene or chemical warfare agent.
- the solution 101 a is a toxic industrial agent that can be inhaled and dissolved in blood then in may be Ammonia, Acetone cyanohydrin, Arsenic tricholoride, Chlorine, carbonyl sulfide or the like.
- the solution 101 a is a chemical war agent it may be Tabun, Sarin, Soman, Vx, blister agents, Mustard gas, choking agent or a blood agent.
- the solution 101 a is a disease marker in exhaled breath it may be acetaldehyde, Acetone, carbon monoxide and the like. If the solution 101 a includes a bio-pathogen then it may be anthrax, brucellosis, shigella, tularemia or the like. Further, the solution 101 a in the container may include prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells to express proteins, recombinant proteins, virus, plasmids, vaccines, bacteria, virus, living tissue and the like.
- Container 101 can be of different size, for example, a single biological cell, micro fluidic channel, a micro titer plate, a Petri dish, a glove box, a hood, a walk-in hood, a room in a building, a building.
- container can be of any size where sensor and tag are positioned to measure environment in the container. Sensor and tag can be stationary in the container or attached to some parts inside the container, where parts are moving as a function of time. Examples of parts are individual viruses, individual cells, home pets, people, etc.
- Reader 105 is located in the measurement device 111 outside of the container 101 .
- An antenna 301 ( FIG. 3 ) of tag 102 when covered by a polymer inorganic, composite or other type of film nanofiber mesh or nanostructured coating is the sensor 103 or the sensor array 103 .
- a plurality of sensors in an array 103 can be a typical sensor or typical sensor array known to those of ordinary skill in the art or the plurality of sensors in an array may be radio frequency identification (RFID) sensors array 103 .
- RFID sensors in the array 103 are devices that are responsible for creating a useful signal based on a parameter from the solution 101 a .
- the parameters include conductivity measurement, pH level, temperature, blood relevant measurement, ionic measurement, non ionic measurement, non-conductivity, electromagnetic radiation level measurement and pressure.
- the plurality of sensors in the array 103 are covered or wrapped in a typical sensor film that enables it to obtain parameters of the solution 101 a .
- Each sensor is associated with same or different sensing film.
- the typical sensor film is a polymer, organic, inorganic, biological, composite, or nano-composite film that changes its electrical property based on the solution 101 a that it is placed in.
- the sensor film may be a hydrogel such as (poly-(2-hydroxyethy) methacrylate, a sulfonated polymer such as Nafion, an adhesive polymer such as silicone adhesive, an inorganic film such as sol-gel film, a composite film such as carbon black-polyisobutylene film, a nanocomposite film such as carbon nanotube-Nafion film, gold nanoparticle-hydrogel film, electrospun polymer nanofibers, metal nanoparticle hydrogen film electrospun inorganic nanofibers, electrospun composite nanofibers, and any other sensor material.
- hydrogel such as (poly-(2-hydroxyethy) methacrylate, a sulfonated polymer such as Nafion, an adhesive polymer such as silicone adhesive, an inorganic film such as sol-gel film, a composite film such as carbon black-polyisobutylene film, a nanocomposite film such as carbon nanotube-Nafion film, gold nanoparticle
- the sensor materials are attached to the surface of the plurality of sensors array 103 using the standard techniques, such as covalent bonding, electrostatic bonding and other standard techniques known to those of ordinary skill in the art.
- Each of the plurality of RFID sensors in the array 103 may measure the parameter individually or each sensor 103 may measure all of the parameters.
- a sensor array of RFID sensor array 103 may only measure temperature of solution 101 a or the sensor array of the plurality of RFID sensor array 103 may measure the conductivity, the pH and the temperature of the solution 101 a .
- the plurality of RFID sensors in the array 103 are transponders that include a receiver to receive signals and a transmitter to transmit signals.
- the sensor 103 may act as a typical RFID sensor that is passive, semi-active or active.
- FIG. 3 illustrates a radio frequency identification (RFID) tag.
- the RFID tag 102 may also be referred to as a wireless sensor.
- RFID tag 102 includes a chip or substrate 303 upon which is disposed an antenna 301 and a capacitor 305 .
- a wide variety of commercially available tags can be applied for the deposition of sensor structures. These tags operate at different frequencies ranging from about 125 kHz to about 2.4 GHz. Suitable tags are available from different suppliers and distributors, such as Texas Instruments, TagSys, Digi Key, Amtel, Hitachi and others. Suitable tags can operate in passive, semi-passive and active modes. The passive RFID tag does not need a power source for operation, while the semi-passive and active RFID tags rely on the use of onboard power for their operation.
- the RFID tag 102 has a digital ID and the frequency response of the antenna circuit of the RFID tag 102 can be measured as the complex impedance with real and imaginary parts of the complex impedance.
- the RFID tag 102 may be a transponder, which is an automatic device that receives, amplifies and retransmits a signal on a different frequency.
- the RFID tag 102 may be another type of transponder that transmits a predetermined message in response to a predefined received signal.
- This RFID tag 102 is equivalent to the variety of RFID tags disclosed in “Modified RF Tags and their Applications for Multiplexed Detection” filed on Oct. 26, 2005, and assigned U.S. patent application Ser. No.
- Antenna 301 is an integrated part of the sensor 103 .
- a plurality of RFID sensors 130 are located at approximately at a distance of 1-100 cm from the reader 105 and impedance analyzer 107 .
- the RFID antenna 301 includes chemical or biological sensitive materials 307 used as part of the antenna material to modulate antenna properties. These chemical and biological materials are conductive sensitive materials such as inorganic, polymeric, composite sensor materials and the like.
- the composite sensor materials include a base material that is blended with conductive soluble or insoluble additive. This additive is in the form of particles, fibers, flakes, and other forms that provide electrical conductance.
- the RFID antenna 301 includes chemical or biological sensitive materials used as part of the antenna material to modulate antenna electrical properties.
- the chemical or biological sensitive materials are deposited on the RFID antenna 301 by arraying, ink jet printing, screen printing, vapor deposition, spraying, draw coating, and other typical depositions known to those of ordinary skill in the art.
- the chemical or biological material covering the antenna 301 may be a material that is selected to shrink or swell upon temperature changes.
- This type of sensor material may contain an additive that is electrically conductive.
- the additive may be in the form of micro particles or nano-particles, for example carbon black powder, or carbon nano-tubes or metal nano-particles.
- circuitry contained on the wireless sensor may utilize power from the illuminating RF energy to drive a high Q resonant circuit, such as the circuit 203 within the capacitance based sensor 201 illustrated in FIG. 2A .
- the high Q resonant circuit 203 has a frequency of oscillation determined by the sensor 201 or sensor 102 incorporates a capacitor whose capacitance varies with the sensed quantity.
- the illuminating RF energy may be varied in frequency, and the reflected energy of the sensor is observed.
- a resonant frequency of the circuit 203 is determined.
- the resonant frequency may then be converted into a parameter, discussed above, of the sensor 201 or 102 .
- illuminating RF energy is pulsed at a certain repetitive frequency close to the resonant frequency of a high Q oscillator.
- the pulsed energy is rectified in a wireless sensor 205 or 102 ( FIG. 1 ) and is used to drive a high Q resonant circuit 207 having a resonant frequency of oscillation determined by the sensor 205 to which it is connected.
- the pulsed RF energy is stopped and a steady level of illuminating RF energy is transmitted.
- the high Q resonant circuit 207 is used to modulate the impedance of the antenna 209 using the energy stored in the high Q resonant circuit 207 .
- FIG. 2C illustrates another embodiment of wireless sensors used for driving high Q resonant circuits.
- FIG. 2D illustrates a wireless sensor that may include both a resonant antenna circuit and a sensor resonant circuit, which may include an LC tank circuit.
- the resonant frequency of the antenna circuit is a higher frequency than the resonant frequency of the sensor circuit, for example, as much as four to 1000 times higher.
- the sensor circuit has a resonant frequency that may vary with some sensed environmental condition.
- the two resonant circuits may be connected in such a way that when alternating current (AC) energy is received by the antenna resonant circuit, it applies direct current energy to the sensor resonant circuit.
- the AC energy may be supplied through the use of a diode and a capacitor, and the AC energy may be transmitted to the sensor resonant circuit through the LC tank circuit through either a tap within the L of the LC tank circuit or a tap within the C of the LC tank circuit.
- the two resonant circuits may be connected such that voltage from the sensor resonant circuit may change the impedance of the antenna resonant circuit.
- the modulation of the impedance of the antenna circuit may be accomplished through the use of a transistor, for example a FET.
- illuminating radio frequency (RF) energy is pulsed at a certain repetitive frequency.
- the pulsed energy is rectified in a wireless sensor ( FIGS. 2A-2D ) and is used to drive a high Q resonant circuit having a resonant frequency of oscillation determined by the sensor to which it is connected. After a period of time, the pulsed RF energy is stopped and a steady level of illuminating RF energy is transmitted.
- the resonant circuit is used to modulate the impedance of the antenna using the energy stored in the high Q resonant circuit.
- a reflected RF signal is received and examined for sidebands. The process is repeated for multiple different pulse repetition frequencies.
- the pulse repetition frequency that maximizes the amplitude of the sidebands of the returned signal is determined to be the resonant frequency of the resonant circuit.
- the resonant frequency is then converted into a parameter or measurement on the resonant circuit.
- the RFID reader 105 and impedance analyzer 107 (measurement device 111 ) which provides information about real and complex impedance of the RFID tag 102 based on reading the information from the RFID antenna 301 . Also, the reader 105 reads the digital ID from the RFID tag 102 .
- the reader 105 may also be referred to as a radio frequency identification (RFID) reader.
- RFID tag 102 is connected by a wireless connection or an electrical wire to the RFID reader 105 and the impedance analyzer 107 .
- the RFID reader 105 and the impedance analyzer 107 (measurement device 111 ) are connected by a wireless or electrical wire connection to the standard computer 109 . This system may operate in three ways that include: 1.
- the read system of the RFID reader 105 where the RFID reader 105 will read information from the plurality of RFID sensors in the array 103 to obtain chemical or biological information and the RFID reader 105 that reads the digital ID of the RFID tag 102 ; 2. the RFID reader 105 reads the digital ID of the RFID tag 102 and the impedance analyzer 107 reads the antenna 301 to obtain the complex impedance; and 3.
- the RFID reader 105 will read information from the plurality of RFID sensors in the array 103 to obtain chemical or biological information and the RFID 105 reader reads the digital ID of the RFID tag 102 and the RFID reader 105 reads the digital ID of the RFID tag 102 and the impedance analyzer 107 reads the antenna 301 to obtain the complex impedance.
- Measurement device 111 or computer 109 includes a pattern recognition subcomponent (not shown).
- Pattern recognition techniques are included in the pattern recognition subcomponent. These pattern recognition techniques on collected signals from each sensor 103 or the plurality of RFID sensors in the array 103 may be utilized to find similarities and differences between measured data points. This approach provides a technique for warning of the occurrence of abnormalities in the measured data. These techniques can reveal correlated patterns in large data sets, can determine the structural relationship among screening hits, and can significantly reduce data dimensionality to make it more manageable in the database.
- Methods of pattern recognition include principal component analysis (PCA), hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA), soft independent modeling of class analogies (SIMCA), neural networks and other methods of pattern recognition known to those of ordinary skill in the art.
- the distance between the reader 105 and the plurality of RFID sensors in the array 103 or sensor 103 is kept constant or can be variable.
- the impedance analyzer 107 or the measurement device 111 periodically measures the reflected radio frequency (RF) signal from the plurality of RFID sensors in the array 103 .
- Periodic measurements from the same sensor 103 or the plurality of RFID sensors in the array 103 provide information about the rate of change of a sensor signal, which is related to the status of the chemical/biological/physical environment surrounding the plurality of RFID sensors in the array 103 .
- the measurement device 111 is able to read and quantify the intensity of the signal from the plurality of RFID sensors in the array 103 .
- the impedance analyzer 107 is an instrument used to analyze the frequency-dependent properties of electrical networks, especially those properties associated with reflection and transmission of electrical signals.
- the impedance analyzer 107 may be a laboratory equipment or a portable specially made device that scans across a given range of frequencies to measure both real and imaginary parts of the complex impedance of the resonant antenna 301 circuit of the RFID tag 102 .
- this impedance analyzer 107 includes database of frequencies for various materials associated with the solution 101 a described above.
- this impedance analyzer 107 can be a network analyzer (for example Hewlett Packard 8751A or Agilent E5062A) or a precision impedance analyzer (Agilent 4249A).
- Computer 109 is a typical computer that includes: a processor, an input/output (I/O) controller, a mass storage, a memory, a video adapter, a connection interface and a system bus that operatively, electrically or wirelessly, couples the aforementioned systems components to the processor. Also, the system bus, electrically or wirelessly, operatively couples typical computer system components to the processor.
- the processor may be referred to as a processing unit, a central processing unit (CPU), a plurality of processing units or a parallel processing unit.
- System bus may be a typical bus associated with a conventional computer.
- Memory includes a read only memory (ROM) and a random access memory (RAM).
- ROM includes a typical input/output system including basic routines, which assists in transferring information between components of the computer during start-up.
- the memory is the mass storage, which includes: 1. a hard disk drive component for reading from and writing to a hard disk and a hard disk drive interface, 2. a magnetic disk drive and a hard disk drive interface and 3. an optical disk drive for reading from or writing to a removable optical disk such as a CD-ROM or other optical media and an optical disk drive interface (not shown).
- the aforementioned drives and their associated computer readable media provide non-volatile storage of computer-readable instructions, data structures, program modules and other data for the computer 109 .
- the aforementioned drives may include the algorithm, software or equation for obtaining the parameters for the solution 101 a , which will be described in the flow charts of FIGS. 4 , 5 and 6 that works with the processor of computer 109 .
- the obtaining parameters of the solution 101 a algorithm, software or equation may be stored in the processor, memory or any other part of the computer 109 known to those of ordinary skill in the art.
- FIG. 4 is a flow chart that shows how the system for monitoring parameters in a solution is employed. This process starts from FIG. 1 where the container 101 has a sensor 103 .
- the sensor 103 is read with an impedance analyzer 107 that is connected to the computer 109 .
- the impedance analyzer 107 is wirelessly or electrically connected (wired) to the plurality of RFID sensors in the array 103 at block 401 , the impedance analyzer 107 measures complex impedance Z from the plurality of RFID sensors in the array 103 as a function of frequency over a chosen frequency range with a predetermined frequency resolution with a predetermined acquisition speed.
- Other non-limiting parameters that can be preset for measurements can include number of averages, smoothing etc.
- Impedance analyzer 107 includes a pickup antenna 107 a ( FIG. 1 ) which excites the plurality of RFID sensors in the array 103 and the pickup antenna collects a reflected radio frequency signal from the plurality of RFID sensors in the arrays 103 .
- the plurality of RFID sensors in the array 103 are able to obtain the parameters, such as conductivity, temperature, pH and other parameters disclosed above based on the polymer or sensor film 307 or without the sensor film 307 that detects these parameters in the solution 101 a.
- predetermined parameters and parameter changes of the measured complex impedance z are calculated from the plurality of RFID sensors in the array 103 .
- these parameters include frequency and frequency shift of the maximum of the imaginary part of the complex impedance F 1 , frequency and frequency shift of the minimum of the imaginary part of the complex impedance F 2 , frequency and frequency shift of the maximum of the real part of the complex impedance Fp, and magnitude of the real part of the complex impedance is Z p as shown in FIG. 7 .
- Equivalent electrical circuit parameters of the resonant circuit ( FIGS. 2A-2D ) are calculated by the impedance analyzer 107 or computer 109 .
- FIGS. 8 and 9 There were experimental results performed to illustrate the utilization of all the components in FIG. 1 as illustrated in FIGS. 8 and 9 .
- FIG. 8 when 50 micro liters of 1M NaCL is added into 100 mL of water in the container 101 , the RFID sensor 103 signal changed as shown.
- FIG. 9 the kinetics of the RFID sensor 103 response was provided by the diffusion of NaCl into water as illustrated.
- the computer 109 or the impedance analyzer 107 with the pattern recognition subcomponent applies univariate and multivariate analysis to the information or data collected from the plurality of RFID sensors in the array 103 .
- Univariate analysis provides the capability to calculate a single parameter of interest.
- the multivariate analysis methods may include, for example, pattern recognition techniques, described above, such as principal components analysis (PCA), hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA), soft independent modeling of class analogies (SIMCA) and neural networks.
- PCA principal components analysis
- HCA hierarchical cluster analysis
- SIMCA soft independent modeling of class analogies
- the multivariate analysis provides the capability for the improvement of quantification ability of the plurality of RFID sensors in the array 103 or sensor 103 , outlier detection for robust identification, and single-parameter or multi-parameter analyte detection with a single sensor 103 (with examples of being temperature, pH, conductivity) where the parameters of interest are quantified at block 407 .
- physical or chemical parameters are represented by temperature and pH while conductivity is represented by environmental parameters.
- FIG. 9 demonstrates the measured response of Zp for four analytes (H 2 O, EtOH, MeOH, and ACN) for six concentrations each.
- measurements of a single parameter of the RFID sensor 103 for example Zp, cannot discriminate between different analytes.
- a signal Zp is changed from about 820 to about 805 Ohm, this change can be due to 0.1 P/P o of H 2 O or 0.15 P/P o of MeOH or 0.2 P/P o of EtOH.
- a single-parameter measurement of the RFID sensor 103 cannot discriminate between different analytes and their concentrations.
- FIGS. 10A , 10 B, 10 C and 10 D respectively demonstrate the dynamic changes of all measured parameters F 1 , F 2 , Fp, and Zp upon exposure of the RFID sensor 103 to four analytes (H 2 O, EtOH, MeOH, and ACN) for six concentrations each.
- measurements of multiple parameters provide additional means for selective determinations of more than one analyte with a single RFID sensor 103 .
- F 2 response to H 2 O showed initially a decrease in signal upon exposure to small concentrations of H 2 O. However, the response was switched upon expose to larger concentrations of H 2 O, Such behavior was due to the combined effects of the nature of the sensor film (Nafion) and measured analyte (H 2 O).
- ACN more nonpolar analyte
- FIGS. 11A , 11 B, 11 C and 11 D respectively demonstrate the calibration curves at all measured parameters F 1 , F 2 , Fp, and Zp upon exposure of the RFID sensor 103 to four analytes (H 2 O, EtOH, MeOH, and ACN) for six concentrations each.
- the responses are linear or nonlinear, decreasing or increasing, or even have a more complex behavior. This richness of the information, its complexity, diversity, and its non-correlating nature, provides the capability for selective determination of analytes with a single RFID sensor 103 .
- the detected data from the multivariate analysis is transmitted from the measurement device 111 or impedance analyzer 107 to the computer 109 , where the computer 109 will display at block 409 the data of interest from a given sensor or sensors of the plurality of RFID sensors in the array 103 .
- the data display is in the form of a quantified measured environmental parameter of interest such as temperature, pH, conductivity and other parameters described above.
- the given range of frequencies from the antenna 301 is transmitted from the impedance analyzer to the computer 109 .
- the display is in the form of a suitable screen or an electrical signal. At this point the user can decide if the process should end or if the data should be transmitted to an appropriate control device.
- control device acts upon or reacts on receiving a quantified value of a signal from the impedance analyzer 107 , for example, to cool or warm up the container 101 upon receiving a temperature reading from the plurality of RFID sensors in the array 103 then the process ends.
- the control device may be an electrically driven fluid switch, valve, pump, healer, cooler or the like.
- FIG. 5 is a flow chart that shows another way of how the system for monitoring parameters in a solution is employed. This flow chart includes all of the components of FIG. 4 so these components will not be described herein. Additionally, this FIG. 5 includes, block 413 that is the RFID tag 102 with a sensor film 307 over the antenna that makes it a sensor 103 or without the sensor film 307 over the antenna 301 , where the RFID reader 105 (measurement device 111 ) requests a digital id from the chip 303 off the RFID tag 102 and may obtain analyte data or parameter data if the antenna 301 is covered with a sensing film 307 .
- the RFID reader 105 obtains the digital ID transmitted to it by the RFID tag 102 and the analyte data or parameter data from the antenna 301 with sensing film 307 .
- the RFID reader 105 transmits the digital ID and analyte data or parameters to the computer 109 then this process operates in the same manner as FIG. 4 .
- the sensor 103 can be a single sensor or a sensor array.
- Sensor coating is selected for proper chemical or biological recognition. Sensor transduction principle is selected to match the mechanism of response of the coating to the species of interest.
- Sensor transduction principle is selected to match the mechanism of response of the coating to the species of interest.
- ink jet printing, screen printing, chemical and physical vapor deposition, spraying, draw coating, wet solvent coating, roll-to-roll coating (slot die, gravure coating, roll coating, dip coating etc), heat lamination and other deposition methods are used.
- known techniques are applied such as ion pairing, covalent bonding, and others.
- an additionally dense, microporous, or mesoporous coating layer such as expanded PTFE (e-PTFE), nanofiltration, and ultra filtration membranes can be used as a protective layer or permeselective layer to reduce bio-fouling, concentrate the specie(s) to be detected.
- expanded PTFE expanded PTFE
- nanofiltration nanofiltration
- ultra filtration membranes can be used as a protective layer or permeselective layer to reduce bio-fouling, concentrate the specie(s) to be detected.
- the biological container 101 is preferably made from but not limited to the following materials, alone or in any combination as a multi-layer film: ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA) low or very low-density polyethylene (LDPE or VLDPE) ethyl-vinyl-alcohol (EVOH) polypropylene (PP), all of which are well known in the art.
- EVA ethylene vinyl acetate
- LDPE low or very low-density polyethylene
- VLDPE very low-density polyethylene
- EVOH ethyl-vinyl-alcohol
- PP polypropylene
- RFID tags typically comprise front antennas and microchips with a plastic backing (e.g., polyester, polyimide etc).
- the ultrasonic lamination, thermal lamination, hot-melt lamination are employed.
- ultrasonic lamination process at least a portion of a multilayer plastic film/sheet web (first sheet) used for making disposable bag is impinged with ultrasonic waves; the backside of the RFID tag (second sheet) with appropriate sensing materials coated on front antennas side are bonded onto the multilayer plastic film/sheet.
- corona, plasma, and flame treatment of the plastic film/sheet is performed before the lamination process.
- adhesives such as a pressure sensitive adhesive, moisture cure, and radiant cure adhesives can be used to bond the RIFD tag 102 to the biological container 101 .
- This invention provides a system that allows a user to simply determine what kind of solution is in a container and the concentrations and levels of chemical, physical and biological parameters of interest.
- the container includes a radio frequency identification (RFID) sensor with a sensor film that enables the sensor to effectively determine the material in the solution.
- RFID radio frequency identification
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US11/536,030 US7775083B2 (en) | 2006-05-26 | 2006-09-28 | System and method for monitoring parameters in containers |
US12/832,328 US8468871B2 (en) | 2006-05-26 | 2010-07-08 | System and method for monitoring parameters in containers |
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US11/536,030 US7775083B2 (en) | 2006-05-26 | 2006-09-28 | System and method for monitoring parameters in containers |
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US12/832,328 Active 2027-03-12 US8468871B2 (en) | 2006-05-26 | 2010-07-08 | System and method for monitoring parameters in containers |
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EP (1) | EP2021742A1 (fr) |
JP (1) | JP5203357B2 (fr) |
CN (1) | CN101449133B (fr) |
WO (1) | WO2007139574A1 (fr) |
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Also Published As
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JP5203357B2 (ja) | 2013-06-05 |
JP2009538433A (ja) | 2009-11-05 |
US20080012577A1 (en) | 2008-01-17 |
EP2021742A1 (fr) | 2009-02-11 |
WO2007139574A1 (fr) | 2007-12-06 |
CN101449133B (zh) | 2014-06-25 |
US20110166812A1 (en) | 2011-07-07 |
US8468871B2 (en) | 2013-06-25 |
CN101449133A (zh) | 2009-06-03 |
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