US7650027B2 - Fake document including fake currency detector using integrated transmission and reflective spectral response - Google Patents

Fake document including fake currency detector using integrated transmission and reflective spectral response Download PDF

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US7650027B2
US7650027B2 US11/263,534 US26353405A US7650027B2 US 7650027 B2 US7650027 B2 US 7650027B2 US 26353405 A US26353405 A US 26353405A US 7650027 B2 US7650027 B2 US 7650027B2
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security
currency
documents
document
data
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US20060159329A1 (en
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Murli Manohar Joshi
Ram Prakash Bajpai
Gautam Mitra
Harish Kumar Sardana
Hari Narayan Bhargaw
Saroj Batra
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Council of Scientific and Industrial Research CSIR
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Council of Scientific and Industrial Research CSIR
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Priority to US12/648,176 priority patent/US7912272B2/en
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G07—CHECKING-DEVICES
    • G07D—HANDLING OF COINS OR VALUABLE PAPERS, e.g. TESTING, SORTING BY DENOMINATIONS, COUNTING, DISPENSING, CHANGING OR DEPOSITING
    • G07D7/00—Testing specially adapted to determine the identity or genuineness of valuable papers or for segregating those which are unacceptable, e.g. banknotes that are alien to a currency
    • G07D7/06—Testing specially adapted to determine the identity or genuineness of valuable papers or for segregating those which are unacceptable, e.g. banknotes that are alien to a currency using wave or particle radiation
    • G07D7/12—Visible light, infrared or ultraviolet radiation
    • G07D7/121—Apparatus characterised by sensor details
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G07—CHECKING-DEVICES
    • G07D—HANDLING OF COINS OR VALUABLE PAPERS, e.g. TESTING, SORTING BY DENOMINATIONS, COUNTING, DISPENSING, CHANGING OR DEPOSITING
    • G07D7/00—Testing specially adapted to determine the identity or genuineness of valuable papers or for segregating those which are unacceptable, e.g. banknotes that are alien to a currency
    • G07D7/06—Testing specially adapted to determine the identity or genuineness of valuable papers or for segregating those which are unacceptable, e.g. banknotes that are alien to a currency using wave or particle radiation
    • G07D7/12—Visible light, infrared or ultraviolet radiation
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G07—CHECKING-DEVICES
    • G07D—HANDLING OF COINS OR VALUABLE PAPERS, e.g. TESTING, SORTING BY DENOMINATIONS, COUNTING, DISPENSING, CHANGING OR DEPOSITING
    • G07D7/00—Testing specially adapted to determine the identity or genuineness of valuable papers or for segregating those which are unacceptable, e.g. banknotes that are alien to a currency
    • G07D7/06—Testing specially adapted to determine the identity or genuineness of valuable papers or for segregating those which are unacceptable, e.g. banknotes that are alien to a currency using wave or particle radiation
    • G07D7/12—Visible light, infrared or ultraviolet radiation
    • G07D7/1205—Testing spectral properties

Definitions

  • This invention relates to the development of an improved system for automatic detection of authenticity of currency notes by measuring reflected and transmitted components of incident energy.
  • the system involves the use of UV-visible along with optional near infra red light source, Photodetectors and associated sensing circuitry.
  • the present invention relates to the use of photoelectric signal generated by photodetectors from the reflected and transmitted energy received from a currency note to verify its authenticity under UV-visible along with optional near infra red illumination.
  • the process involves measurement of energy reflected and transmitted as photoelectric signals from a currency note in at least three optical wavebands by suitably located photodetectors and the electronic signal processing to distinguish between a genuine currency from a fake one for ultimate LED indicator display and audio-visual alarms, hence the detection of fake currency note.
  • the visual and UV fluorescent security features incorporated in a currency note vary from country to country and also denomination dependent.
  • the judgement of authenticity of a currency note relying either on visual assessment or on rapid opto-electronic detection ‘on-the-fly’ technique based on scanning the light reflected or transmitted from a narrow zone may likely to yield misleading conclusions.
  • a suitable apparatus providing the combination of integrated reflected as well as transmitted energy, received from a large area of a currency note, measurement facilities in at least three different wavebands both for the reflected and transmitted components, in static condition of the currency note, which can be adopted for the currencies from various countries of different denominations or in various physical conditions of the note to be inspected is not available.
  • the paper used in currency notes has cotton based fibres as the base material that shows very little UV fluorescent property.
  • Other types of paper convert incident UV radiation into visible light.
  • the amount of UV light reflected and fluoresced are complimentary as higher is the quotient of fluorescence, less is the amount reflected and vice versa. So, the measurement one or the other provides similar information.
  • Transmittance also depends on fluorescence since, if large fluorescence will reduce the transmitted components. Accordingly, principles mentioned under (iii) and (iv) above are some similar in nature, data interpretations.
  • All the existing prior arts employing the principals (ii) and (iii) differ in the measurand, and technique of scanning and the zone of data acquisition. These have common limitations. The drawbacks of the all the prior arts are discussed below, apparatuses are classified in accordance with their principle of operation.
  • the patent US20030169415 uses a CCD camera to record the image and by tri-chromatic colour analysis technique judges the authenticity.
  • the drawbacks are:
  • a multifunctional apparatus is using multiple magnetic and optical sensors.
  • the magnetic sensors scan and generate a magnetic code.
  • Optical sensors scan the currency note in terms reflected energy in two wave bands.
  • Colour matching scheme is also has been claimed to be employed.
  • the two types filters used are used, namely UV pass and UV blocking.
  • UV blocking visible pass filter is made a combination of two filters namely a blue filter passing 320 nm to 620 nm with a peak at 450 nm and a yellow filter passing 415 to 2800 nm. So, the visible light sensor sees 415 nm to 620 nm i.e. it senses blue to a small part of red colour.
  • the drawbacks are:
  • U.S. Pat. No. 4,618,257 incorporates two LEDs positioned at such angles that they illuminate a common target area and a broad band photo detector to measure the light reflected from the target area.
  • each of the LEDs is switched on sequentially with a pre-determined ‘on-time’ and ‘delay time’.
  • the preferred LED pair is comprised of one narrow band red LED and the other narrow band green LED having peak emission wavelengths of 630 nm and 560 nm respectively.
  • the patent suggests the alternative use of yellow or infrared LED.
  • the measured signals in terms of voltages are compared with the corresponding reference values stored in a memory.
  • the drawbacks of this apparatus are:
  • the present invention circumvents the drawbacks of existing prior arts by providing two independent methods of verification and more than one optical band to detect authenticity in automatic mode in a stationary condition of the of the document under authentication by performing large area spatial and temporal integrations simultaneously.
  • the techniques and the system can also be adopted in a currency note counting machine by collecting dynamic data at various scanning points.
  • the present invention provides an apparatus that can be used to authenticate paper and polymer based currency note, bank drafts, security bonds and other bank instruments and security documents without any need to modify system hardware.
  • the main object of the present invention is to provide an improved system for detecting the authenticity of paper and polymer based currency notes, bank drafts, security bonds and other bank instruments and security documents.
  • Another object of the present invention is to provide a system capable of automatic detection of authenticity of documents like, bank drafts, security bonds and other bank instruments and security documents which can not be stacked in number and transported one at a time, but needs to be verified under stationary condition but the present invention can be effectively employed to verify currency notes also.
  • Another object of the present invention is to provide a system incorporating at least three different optical broad band filters to pass three or more optical wavebands both for transmittance and reflectance measurements, the filters used in reflection/fluorescence measurement may or may not be same as those used for transmission measurement.
  • Another object of the present invention is to provide a system capable of automatic detection of authenticity by performing spatial integration reflected/fluoresced energy from a large surface area of the document under verification in three or more optical wave bands covering UV-visible spectrum—near infra red part of spectrum.
  • Yet another object of the present invention is to provide a system capable of automatic detection of authenticity by performing spatial integration transmitted energy from a large surface area of the document under verification.
  • One more object of the present invention is to provide a system capable storing reference information by storing the measured reflection and fluorescent/reflected data in the system memory.
  • Still one more objective of the present invention is to provide a system capable of suitably normalising the acquired measured values corresponding to authentic documents and store the values in system memory.
  • Still one more object of the present invention is to provide a system wherein the reference information for each document type is assigned a unique specific code.
  • Yet one more object of the present invention is to provide a system wherein updating of stored data base of reference information tagged by suitable document specific codes can be updated and enhanced.
  • Yet one more object of the present invention is to provide a system capable of storing a currency specific weight matrix in the firmware so as to obtain a minimum false rate.
  • One more object of the present invention is to provide a system capable of automatic detection of authenticity by deriving a set of ratios from the measured reflection/fluorescence and transmitted data corresponding to the document under verification to form a set of reference for comparison with the corresponding stored values in system memory.
  • One more object of the present invention is to provide a system capable of automatic detection of authenticity by multiplying the derived ratios with the suitable weights stored in system memory.
  • Still one more object of the present invention is to provide a system capable of automatic detection of authenticity by incorporating a microcontroller and a firmware to logically derive a figure of merit to define authenticity or fakeness from comparison of weighted ratios derived from the measured data for the document under inspection with the corresponding reference values.
  • Still another object of the present invention is to provide a system capable of automatic detection of authenticity with a provision of operator selectable sensitivity level.
  • Still another object of the present invention is to provide a system capable of automatic detection of authenticity with a provision of entering document specific code so that corresponding reference information is used to compare with measured and weighted ratios to objectively assess the authenticity.
  • Yet one more object of the present invention is to provide a system capable of automatic detection with provision for acquiring reflected/fluoresced information from the document under verification and also transmitted information through the document under inspection in near infra red region of the spectrum.
  • Still one more object of the present invention is to provide a system capable of automatic detection of authenticity by incorporating self calibrating mechanism to off set temporal and diurnal variations of electro-optic subsystem out put caused by circuit noise and light source fluctuations.
  • Still another object of the present invention is to provide automatic detection system insensitive to short term thermal drifts and the others due to ageing and replacement of UV visible light source, accumulation of dust and variation due to power.
  • Yet another object of the present invention is to provide a system with detection capability for a plurality of bank drafts, security bonds and other bank instruments and security documents.
  • Yet one more object of the invention is providing a system for not identifying a mutilated/damaged currency notes as fake.
  • Still one more object of the invention is to provide a system for not mis-identifying genuine paper and polymer based currency notes, due to accidentally (e.g. washing) acquiring similar transmission or reflective/fluorescent properties of a fake note.
  • Still another object of the present invention is to use of standard UV fluorescent tube light, emitting 350 nm to red end of electromagnetic spectrum of size varying from 150 mm to 350 mm (tube length) and of any wattage varying from 7 W to 15 W.
  • Still another object of the present invention is to use of another light source, emitting near infra red part of electromagnetic spectrum.
  • Another object of the present invention is to provide a system with adequate distance between the said light sources and the document under inspection such that the entire document illuminated brightly and evenly during both transmission and reflectance/fluorescence measurements.
  • One more object of the present invention is to provide a system with adequate distance between the said photodetectors and the document under inspection such that transmitted or reflected/fluoresced energy from a very large area of the document under authentication reaches each photodetector.
  • Another object of the present invention is to provide provision of inclusion of at least three optical band pass filters of desired spectral transmitting characteristics in front of the photodetectors both for transmission and reflection measurements.
  • Still another object of the present invention is to provide provision of inclusion of optical band pass filters used in transmission measurement having different spectral transmitting characteristics from those used for reflection measurement.
  • Still one more objective of the present invention is provide a system incorporating a pair one surface ground optical glass plates for holding the document under verification in place in a wrinkle free condition.
  • Still one more objective of the present invention wherein surface facing the photodetectors meant for both transmission and reflection of each glass plate is ground to facilitate spatial integration.
  • Still another object of the present invention is to provide a system capable of indicating the authenticity of a security document by making a LED marked “PASS” glow in case the document is genuine.
  • Yet another object of the present invention is to provide a system capable of indicating the authenticity of a security document by making a LED marked “FAKE” glow and triggering an audio alarm in case the document is a counterfeit.
  • a currency genuineness detection system using plurality of opto-electronic sensors with both transmission and reflective (including fluorescence) properties of security documents is developed. Both detection sensing strategies utilise integrated response of the wide optical band sensed under UV visible along with optional near infra red light illumination.
  • a security document is examined under static condition. A window signal signature is thus possible from photodetectors responses for various kinds of documents of different denominations, kinds and country of origin.
  • a programmable technique for checking the genuineness of a security document is possible by feeding a unique code of the currency under examination.
  • FIG. 1 Design showing both transmission and reflection properties sensing of authenticity of
  • FIG. 2 Overall block diagram of the system.
  • FIG. 3 Block diagram of the electronic sub-system
  • FIG. 4 Ray diagram (Schematic)
  • FIG. 5 Flow-chart for authentication
  • FIGS. 1 and 2 show the front view and block diagram of the invention respectively. All the walls, the ceiling and floors are so constructed that no stray light reaches any of the photodetectors from outside.
  • the three LEDs 1 a , 1 b & 1 c are fitted to the front panel to indicate the status of inspection. In no note condition, system diagnostics is continuously performed and a yellow LED marked “Ready” glows indicating proper functioning. The insertion of a currency note makes either of LEDs marked “Pass” or “Fake” glow depending upon authenticity.
  • a digital display 2 shows the programmable unique code provided to each type (including the nature and country of origin) whose reference values are stored as firmware. The code is appropriately chosen at the time of examination of the currency by the apparatus.
  • a UV fluorescent tube light 3 a mounted such a height that it fully illuminates a suitably placed currency note.
  • An additional compact near infra red source 3 b can be mounted by the side of the fluorescent tube.
  • Each sensor head consists of at least three photodetector-band pass filter combination ( 5 b as shown in the inset of FIG. 2 ) with built-in amplification with a lower cut-off wavelength of 350 nm (for example UDT455HS), and they are closely spaced together.
  • Sensor heads 4 a and 4 b are so positioned that each receives light from at least half the area, in case the document is of large size other wise from the total surface area of the document under authentication 6 , one above the note for reflection sensing and the other one below it for transmission sensing.
  • the band pass characteristics of each filter are different but together they cover UV visible along with optional near infra red spectrum. These photodetectors generate electrical signals corresponding to the received light energy.
  • the filters used in sensor head 4 a may or may not be similar to those used in sensor head 4 b .
  • the document 6 is inserted in a specified manner between two glass plates, 7 a and 7 b .
  • One side of each glass plate 7 a and 7 b is a ground surface.
  • Glass plates 7 a and 7 b are fixed between sensor heads 4 a and 4 b such that the their ground surfaces facing sensor heads 4 a and 4 b and the note 6 is evenly illuminated all over, at the same time sensor heads 4 a and 4 b receive reflected/transmitted light from at least half of the note 6 .
  • the currency note is held in place in the gap 10 , between glass plates 7 a and 7 b .
  • the gap 10 is so adjusted that the document can be easily and smoothly inserted at the same time it tends to flatten out the gross unevenness due to folding etc. Proper adjustment of the gap 10 keeps the surface of a note 6 flat and also blocks stray light from creeping on to sensor heads 4 a and 4 b .
  • the UV source 3 , sensors 4 a and 4 b , processing electronics 8 , glass plates 7 a and 7 b and other associated electronic circuitry 8 are enclosed in an enclosed box 9 , having a ceiling, floor, two side walls and a front panel.
  • a narrow slit 10 in the front panel allows a currency note to be inserted between 7 a and 7 b .
  • Width and depth of the box is such that it can accommodate different kinds of documents from different countries.
  • both the edges of glass plate 7 a are painted dull black through the depth direction such that about 84 mm of the central part remains clear for transmission and reflection measurements.
  • Switch 11 puts on/off the power supply from mains.
  • FIG. 3 shows the block diagram of the electronic sub-system. For brevity only three photodetectors in a single sensor head is shown. The number is only indicative and not restrictive. As mentioned earlier, sensor heads 4 a and 4 b provide three signals each, thus generating six analog signals. A multiplexer 12 , and A/D converter 13 combination lets a microcontroller 14 sample all these signals acquired for further processing. These are normalized for reliable authentication as explained later. Reference data generated from various currency notes data are stored in the memory unit 15 as firmware for authentication. In addition, country and currency specific weights also form a part of another firmware 16 . The user has a provision to programme the sensitivity and the desired currency code through keys 17 (not shown). In operation audio visual alarms 18 provide the result of authentication.
  • FIG. 4 shows the ray diagram.
  • k( ⁇ ) A wavelength dependent constant of proportionality indicating energy conversion efficiency of the photodetector and filter combine
  • (x,y) coordinates of the centre point P of the elementary area taking the foot of the normal drawn from the detector surface to the plane of security document as the origin.
  • Equation (1) gives signal generated by a point on the photodetector. Actual signal measured would be sum the signals of all points on the active area of the photodetector. It would enhance the signal level only, for brevity, not shown in the equation.
  • the non-uniform illumination term b( ⁇ ,x,y) remains reasonably high within the limits of the integration, if the angles subtended by the extreme points of the source are not large at any point of the part of the security document under inspection. In the present invention this achieved by not keeping the broad source close to the security document.
  • t ⁇ ,x,y is the average value of transmittance over the waveband and is also a function of local conditions like soiling/mutilation and the type and amount of printed matter. Placed at a distance of 50 mm or more, the 4 b would receive sufficient light flux from at least half the area of a document under authentication 6.
  • the process of spatial integration reduces the effect of aberration, due to local perturbations, to an insignificant level. Consequently, the measured signal S is truly indicative of the average transmittance of the document material corresponding to the selected waveband.
  • FIG. 5 shows the system software flow-chart where in three photodetectors for reflection and three photodetectors for transmission measurements are shown numbers are only indicative and not restrictive. Omitting the usual diagnostics at power-on and a user selection of the currency under examination, a stage is reached where the system is in operation and examining the currency of interest with appropriate code of the document. With this information, it is in detection mode. It can detect not only genuineness but add to self-diagnosis linked with various sensors and source modules along with associated circuitry. As a routine, it senses the presence of the document 6 and the sensor signals in the overall working range. Only if the normal behaviour is observed by the sensors 4 a and 4 b and the associated circuitry, the routine progresses further to acquire data for processing.
  • the microcontroller 14 instructs the multiplexer 15 for scanning six inputs which are converted into digital form by the A/D Converter 13 .
  • the voltage readings are normalised by ratios suggested later in Equation 4a,b and c to form various percentages.
  • the results so obtained are weighted as per the Weight Matrix 16 suited for a series of documents to generate a score value to provide minimum errors of detection.
  • a user selectable Sensitivity level using keypad 17 is provided for acceptability of the detection. Using these levels, a strict or loose score is used to detect the genuineness and accordingly audio-visual alarm 18 is set for “Pass” or “Fake” situation. In either case, the loop continues to sense the presence of note and accordingly generate the genuineness result.
  • the present invention provides a system for automatic sensing authenticity of security documents like paper and polymer based currency notes, various bank instruments etc., the said system comprising a UV visible source along with optional near infra red source, an optional compact near infra red source; a closed chamber for automatic detection of authenticity, a pair of one surface ground parallel glass plates for suitably holding the document during verification process; multiple broad band pass optical filters and photodetectors; opto-electronic signal acquisition, conditioning and processing circuitry; a microcontroller and a firmware to logically indicate whether the document under verification is genuine or fake based on normalised weighted acquired reflection and transmission data and stored reference; human interface with the microcontroller and system memory to enter desired sensitivity level, document code, reference data, weight matrix etc.; LED displays and audio alarm.
  • a UV visible source along with optional near infra red source, an optional compact near infra red source
  • a closed chamber for automatic detection of authenticity, a pair of one surface ground parallel glass plates for suitably holding the document during verification process
  • an objective and simultaneous measurement of reflecting and transmitting properties of a security document is possible in a closed opto-electronic sensing chamber by sliding the document to be authenticated gently to generate quantitative signal level for audio-visual alarm/display indicating whether the document is genuine or fake.
  • broad band multi-spectral reflectance and transmittance signatures are used to uniquely identify, in terms of authenticity, the document under verification.
  • the system can be used for automatic detection of authenticity by characterising a security document in terms of spectral transmission and reflection/fluorescence properties in at least three wavebands covering UV visible and near infra red spectrum.
  • the system can be used for automatic detection of authenticity by comparing normalised and weighted spectral signatures in the selected wave bands to the corresponding reference signatures stored in the system memory.
  • the wave band filters used in transmission measurements may or may not be same as those used fro reflection/fluorescence measurements.
  • spectral signature corresponding to each optical band is measured by spatially integrating the reflected/fluoresced light coming from a large surface area of the document under verification at the same time performing integration over spectral band width of corresponding filter.
  • spectral range of reflectance and transmittance measurements cover UV-visible-near infrared region of electromagnetic spectrum.
  • single document can be handled at a time, it need not be stacked with multiple documents of the same or different kind.
  • the document is gently slid in the system where two sets of photodetectors with different waveband filters, one set above and the other set below the document under verification sense the transmitting and reflecting properties under UV visible-near infra red illumination.
  • the document is kept stationary during authentication process.
  • the light sources are so positioned that entire surface area of the document is brightly and uniformly illuminated.
  • reflected/fluoresced light from a very large area of the document surface is collected simultaneously keeping the document stationary.
  • transmitted light through a very large area of the document surface is collected simultaneously keeping the document stationary.
  • spectral signature corresponding to each optical band is measured by spatially integrating the reflected/fluoresced light coming from a large surface area of the document under verification at the same time performing integration over the spectral band width of the corresponding filter.
  • spectral signature corresponding to each optical band is measured by spatially integrating the transmitted light coming through a large surface area of the document under verification at the same time performing integration over the spectral band width of the corresponding filter.
  • any kind of security document can be fed to the system for verification in any order or sequence.
  • the system does need the scanning or transportation during measurement process which is not desirable for, in certain applications where multiple documents are not required to be verified, e.g. bank draft, bank cheque and other bank security instruments.
  • the photodetectors used for automatic sensing of transmission and reflection properties are so located that each photodetector receives transmitted or reflected light from at least about half the area of the document under verification.
  • the system incorporates a microcontroller and necessary signal acquiring, conditioning, processing, display and audio alarm electronics circuitry.
  • measured reflected/fluoresced from a genuine document is suitable normalised to form a set of ratios and stored in the system memory.
  • suitably normalised measured reflected/fluoresced from a genuine document stored in the system memory is tagged by a document specific code.
  • measured transmitted through a genuine document is suitable normalised to form a set of ratios and stored in the system memory.
  • suitably normalised measured transmitted from a genuine document stored in the system memory is tagged by a document specific code, the codes used for reflection and transmission data being identical for the identical document.
  • the document specific codes and corresponding reference values can be entered in system memory to create or upgrade reference data base either at the factory level or user's premises.
  • a weight matrix is stored in system memory to generate suitably weighted normalised reflection/fluorescence and transmitted data both for stored reference values and values acquired from the document under verification.
  • the weight matrix can be entered in system memory to create or upgrade reference data base either at the factory level or user's premises.
  • user can enter the desired sensitivity depending upon the physical conditions, aging and value of the document under verification.
  • a firmware derives a single figure of merit based on the chosen sensitivity, the stored reference, measured data and assigned weights following a logical sequence.
  • the derived figure of merit is used to take decision regarding the authenticity of the document.
  • LEDs, one marked “PASS” and the other marked “FAKE” are fitted to display decision regarding authenticity.
  • the respective LED glows depending upon whether the document under verification is genuine or counterfeit, the respective LED glows.
  • an audio alarm is triggered when the security document under verification is fake.
  • the photodetectors used for automatic sensing of transmission and reflection properties of a document have the performance characteristics covering a spectral band of 350 nm to 700 nm and optionally 350 nm to 1500 nm.
  • in still one more embodiment of the present invention is to provide a system capable self calibrating mechanism to off set temporal and diurnal variations of electro-optic subsystem out put caused by circuit noise and light source fluctuations.
  • Still another object of the present invention is to provide automatic detection system electronically made insensitive to short term thermal drifts and the others due to ageing and replacement of UV visible light source along with optional near infra red, accumulation of dust and variation due to power.
  • more than one types of document can be tested for authenticity.
  • more than one country's documents can be tested for authenticity.
  • a system claimed herein wherein two sets of optoelectronic sensors are used and integrated response under UV light is used.
  • a system allowing standard photo detectors to be used.
  • the invented technique can be extended to the polymer based currency without any need to modify the apparatus.
  • polymer based currency notes of three countries were used, taking two currency notes of same denomination from each country.
  • both sides of both notes were used for checking the suitability of the apparatus in different conditions.
  • Table IV shows all (yellow, red and blue) bands of both transmission and reflection readings. In different rows, the readings are very close to indicate that different notes provide a repeatable evidence for checking genuineness. Also, transmission characteristics in the three bands show sufficient evidence with close similarity within same currency and detectable dissimilarity among different currencies. However, for precise authentication, reflection readings are required to be complimented by the transmission readings.
  • a system incorporates more than one technique of verifying the authenticity of a security document, namely technique based on transmitting property measurement and technique based on reflecting property measurement.
  • a system capable of completely characterising a currency note in terms of its spectral transmission and reflection properties.
  • a system that can be used to authenticate both paper and polymer based security documents.
  • each currency is judged by reference signals pre-stored for its category with a unique code in terms of country of origin, denomination and series.
  • a system in which, based on measured transmission and reflection data, reference levels photoelectric signal indicating authenticity can be set independently for transmission and reflection corresponding to various types of security documents from different countries.
  • the system provides the adjustment for two (lower and upper) signal values of both transmission and reflection photodetectors, by suitable use of flash memory or other suitable firmware, the instrument can be factory or field set for any currency or document.
  • a system capable of authenticating a soiled or mutilated genuine currency note eliminating the effects of local perturbations using spatial integration technique.
  • a system eliminates the use of note transport mechanism or any other moving parts to scan a zone of a currency note by using spatial integration technique over at least half the area of the currency note both in transmission and reflection.
  • filters used for transmission measurement may or may not be identical to those used in reflection measurement to take care of future currency notes with new features added.
  • the device allows standard components of illumination and sensing without further sophisticated filters, which sense in a narrow band and require more signal amplification.
  • the device is suitable for various denominations of currencies and can be programmed for various foreign currencies with unique properties for each currency and denomination.

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KR20070007333A (ko) 2007-01-15
EP1730706A1 (de) 2006-12-13
KR101297702B1 (ko) 2013-08-22
US20100104170A1 (en) 2010-04-29
US7912272B2 (en) 2011-03-22
CA2559100A1 (en) 2005-09-15
US20060159329A1 (en) 2006-07-20
CN1950856B (zh) 2012-02-15
WO2005086099A1 (en) 2005-09-15
CN1950856A (zh) 2007-04-18
CA2559100C (en) 2013-04-23

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